...constant in amount. In 1851 the same principle was formulated by Lord Kelvin in the following terms : " It is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency,...temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects."* This is equivalent to the following statement : It is impossible to obtain work by using up the heat...

...heat from one body to another at a higher temperature." W. Thomson, in 1851, employed the axiom, " it is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency,...temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects." But he was careful to supplement this by further statements of an extremely guarded character. And...

...reasoning is based (without knowing the words of Carnot quoted above) into the following words : 2 "It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency...temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects." He saw at once, when adopting Joule's doctrine of the convertibility of heat and mechanical work, that,...

...higher temperature. Lord Kelvin has enunciated the second law in a slightly different form, namely : // is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency,...effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below fke temperature of the coldest of surrounding bodies. It must be carefully borne in mind that these...

...heat from one body to another at a higher temperature." Lord Kelvin gives it in a slightly different form : "It is impossible, by means of inanimate material...temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects." These statements apply only to the performance of engines working in a complete cycle. Without this...

...convey heat from one body to another at a higher temperature. Thomson gives it a slightly different form:— It is impossible, by means of inanimate material...temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects. By comparing together these statements, the student will be able to make himself master of the fact...

...compensation) pass from a colder to a warmer body" (Clausius). The equivalent statement by Lord Kelvin is that "it is impossible by means of inanimate material agency...cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of surrounding objects." In making these statements it must be remembered that they apply only to the...

...W. Thomson in seiner Arbeit „on the djmamical theory of heat" (1852) findet es notwendig zu sagen: „It is impossible, by means of inanimate material...cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surounding objects." Und auch H. Hertz (Die Prinzipien der Mechanik 1894), welcher annimmt, daß die...

...W. Thomson in seiner Arbeit „on the dynamical theory of heat" (1852) findet es notwendig zu sagen: „It is impossible, by means of inanimate material...cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surounding objects." Und auch H. Hertz (Die Prinzipien der Mechanik 1894), welcher annimmt, daß die...

...to the formulating of what is known as the second law of thermodynamics, and which is thus stated. " It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency,...by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest surrounding objects." In or about 1848, and after a considerable number of elaborate and exhaustive...