Design of Low-Voltage Bipolar Operational AmplifiersSpringer Science & Business Media, 28 февр. 1993 г. - Всего страниц: 193 Design of Low-Voltage Bipolar Operational Amplifiers discusses the sub-circuits necessary to build a low-voltage operational amplifier. These include rail-to-rail input stages, rail-to-rail output stages, intermediate stages, protection circuitry and frequency compensation techniques. Of each of these, various implementations are examined. Furthermore, the book discusses realizations in silicon of the amplifiers. The design and implementation of low-voltage bipolar Operational Amplifiers (OpAmps) is fully presented. A low supply voltage is necessary because the tendency towards chip components of smaller dimensions lowers the breakdown voltage of these components. Further, a low supply voltage is favorable because it enables operation of the OpAmp from just one single battery cell. The bipolar technology is chosen, because it is more suited for operation at low-voltages than the MOS technology. The common-mode input voltage of the OpAmp must be able to have any value that fits within the supply voltage range. Input stages are discussed which are able to realize this at supply voltages down to 1.8 V, as well as down to 1 V. The output voltage of the OpAmp must be able to have any value within the supply voltage range. One of the 1 V output stages that is discussed, the multi-path driven output stage, also has a high bandwidth with a high gain. In addition to the input and output stage, the OpAmp comprises an intermediate stage, between the input stage and the output stage, to boost the overall gain of the OpAmp, and a class AB current control. A frequency compensation technique is used to split apart the pole frequencies in the transfer function. A disadvantage of this nested Miller compensation, is that the resulting bandwidth is reduced by a factor of two. A new method, multi-path-driven Miller compensation, which does not have this drawback, is therefore introduced. Several realizations are evaluated and a figure of merit is defined for the performance comparison of the OpAmps. One of the OpAmps operates at a 1 V supply, has a 3.4 MHz bandwidth with a 100 pF load and has a 700 &mgr;A supply current. The book is an excellent reference for professional designers of amplifiers and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject. |
Содержание
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
11 WHY USE A LOW SUPPLY VOLTAGE? | 2 |
12 WHY USE BIPOLAR TECHNOLOGY? | 4 |
13 OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT WORK | 5 |
15 OUTLINE OF THIS BOOK | 8 |
16 REFERENCES | 9 |
INPUT STAGES | 13 |
22 COMPLEMENTARY INPUT STAGE WITH CONSTANT TRANSCONDUCTANCE | 16 |
FREQUENCY COMPENSATION | 97 |
51 SIMPLE MILLER COMPENSATION | 98 |
512 Twopole Output Stage | 106 |
52 NESTED MILLER COMPENSATION | 111 |
521 Onepole Output Stage | 112 |
522 Twopole Output Stage | 121 |
53 MULTIPATHDRIVEN MILLER COMPENSATION | 126 |
54 SLEWING | 137 |
23 RAILTORAIL INPUT STAGE AT 1 VOLT | 22 |
24 INPUT STAGE WITH EXTENDED INPUTVOLTAGE RANGE | 32 |
25 REFERENCES | 35 |
OUTPUT STAGES | 37 |
31 COMMONEMITTER OUTPUT STAGE | 39 |
22 DARLINGTON OUTPUT STAGE | 43 |
33 WIDLAR OUTPUT STAGE | 50 |
34 MULTIPATHDRIVEN OUTPUT STAGE | 58 |
35 PARALLELFEEDBACK CURRENT COMPENSATION | 66 |
36 CONCLUSIONS | 72 |
OTHER CIRCUIT PARTS | 75 |
42 CLASSAB CURRENT CONTROLCIRCUITS | 80 |
422 Feedback ClassAB Current Control | 84 |
43 OUTPUTSATURATION PROTECTION | 88 |
44 OUTPUTCURRENT LIMITERS | 90 |
45 BIAS CIRCUIT | 92 |
46 CONCLUSIONS | 94 |
47 REFERENCES | 95 |
55 CONCLUSIONS | 138 |
56 REFERENCES | 139 |
REALIZATIONS | 141 |
62 1V OPAMP IS549 | 149 |
63 OPAMPS U2010 AND U2011 | 159 |
631 Darlington Output Stage | 160 |
632 Widlar Output Stage | 161 |
633 MultiPathDriven Output Stage | 163 |
634 ParallelFeedbackCurrent Compensated Output Stage | 164 |
635 Common Circuit Parts | 166 |
636 Measurement Results | 170 |
64 1V OPAMP WITH 10MHz BANDWIDTH | 176 |
65 CONCLUSIONS | 184 |
66 REFERENCES | 185 |
CONCLUSIONS | 187 |
190 | |
191 | |
Другие издания - Просмотреть все
Design of Low-Voltage Bipolar Operational Amplifiers M. Jeroen Fonderie,Johan Huijsing Ограниченный просмотр - 2012 |
Design of Low-Voltage Bipolar Operational Amplifiers M. Jeroen Fonderie,Johan Huijsing Недоступно для просмотра - 2012 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
bandwidth base current base-emitter voltage biased Cbel Chapter class-AB current control CM-input voltage CMRR common-mode input voltage complex poles current gain current mirrors current source Darlington output stage differential amplifier diodes emitter followers equivalent input noise feedback amplifier feedforward frequency compensation frequency response IEEE input resistance input-voltage range inserted intermediate stage J. H. Huijsing level-shift resistors loop gain low-voltage OpAmps Miller capacitor minimum supply voltage multi-path-driven output stage n-p-n input pair n-p-n output transistor n-p-n transistors negative supply rail offset voltage Operational Amplifier output transistor output voltage p-n-p input pair p-n-p output stage p-n-p transistors phase margin PTAT quiescent current Rail-to-Rail Input reference voltage resistors root locus saturation Section shown in Fig Solid-State Circuits summing circuit tail current three-stage OpAmp transconductance transfer transit frequency two-stage OpAmp unity-gain bandwidth unity-gain feedback VEE Fig voltage gain Vout w₂ Widlar output stage zero