Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai: Foundations of Human BehaviourRichard Potts Routledge, 28 июл. 2017 г. - Всего страниц: 407 The earliest sites at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania are among the best documented and most important for studies of human evolution. This book investigates the behavior of hominids at Olduvai using data of stone tools and animal bones, as well as the results of work in taphonomy (how animals become fossils), the behavior of mammals, and a wide range of ecological theory and data. By illustrating the ways in which modern and prehistoric evidence is used in making interpretations, the author guides the reader through the geological, ecological, and archeological areas involved in the study of humans.Based on his study of the Olduvai excavations, animal life, and stone tools, the author carefully examines conventional views and proposals about the early Olduvai sites. First, the evidence of site geology, tool cut marks, and other clues to the formation of the Olduvai sites are explored. On this basis, the large mammal communities in which early hominids lived are investigated, using methods which compare sites produced mainly by hominids with others made by carnivores. Questions about hominid hunting, scavenging, and the importance of eating meat are then scrutinized. The leading alternative positions on each issue are discussed, providing a basis for understanding some of the most contentious debates in paleo-anthropology today.The dominant interpretive model for the artifact and bone accumulations at Olduvai and other Plio-Pleistocene sites has been that they represent home bases, social foci similar to the campsites of hunter-gatherers. Based on paleo-ecological evidence and ecological models, the author critically analyzes the home base interpretation and proposes alternative views. A new view of the Olduvai sites - that they represent stone caches where hominids processed carcasses for food - is shown to have important implications for our understanding of hominid social behavior and evolution. |
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Стр. 9
... surface ? Do the fossils represent the original death areas of animals , or were the bones transported away from carcasses to new locations ? The answers to these questions may vary from site to site . If the excavated remains are found ...
... surface ? Do the fossils represent the original death areas of animals , or were the bones transported away from carcasses to new locations ? The answers to these questions may vary from site to site . If the excavated remains are found ...
Стр. 10
... surface of site by scavengers ( hominid or nonhominid ) or due to trampling 3. Contribution and removal of bones by animals 4. Weathering of transported bone and stone on the land surface ( factors 2 and 4 produce differential ...
... surface of site by scavengers ( hominid or nonhominid ) or due to trampling 3. Contribution and removal of bones by animals 4. Weathering of transported bone and stone on the land surface ( factors 2 and 4 produce differential ...
Стр. 18
... surface that rests on top of Tuff IB . Level 2 , immediately above , contained the only cluster of animal bones in Bed I that was not associated with stone artifacts . The horizon above Level 2 is equivalent with the " Zinj ” level ...
... surface that rests on top of Tuff IB . Level 2 , immediately above , contained the only cluster of animal bones in Bed I that was not associated with stone artifacts . The horizon above Level 2 is equivalent with the " Zinj ” level ...
Стр. 23
... surface condition , and types of bone breakage and surface damage ( Potts , 1982 ) . These types of data have helped to test ideas about the factors that could have affected the formation of the Olduvai sites . The uses of these data ...
... surface condition , and types of bone breakage and surface damage ( Potts , 1982 ) . These types of data have helped to test ideas about the factors that could have affected the formation of the Olduvai sites . The uses of these data ...
Стр. 27
... surface of DK - 2 lies about 0.5 m under Tuff IB ; it is about 68 cm thick . Under this layer is Level 3 , which contained at its bottom a dense concentration of stone tools and bones on a paleosol , or ancient land surface . The land ...
... surface of DK - 2 lies about 0.5 m under Tuff IB ; it is about 68 cm thick . Under this layer is Level 3 , which contained at its bottom a dense concentration of stone tools and bones on a paleosol , or ancient land surface . The land ...
Содержание
Part II Formation of the Olduvai Sites | 35 |
Part III Hominid Behavior and Paleoecology | 151 |
Bibliography | 313 |
Site DK | 333 |
Site FLKNN3 | 351 |
FLKNN 2 | 361 |
Site FLK22 | 369 |
Site FL K North6 | 381 |
Index | 390 |
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Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai: Foundations of Human Behaviour Richard Potts Ограниченный просмотр - 2017 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
abundance accumulation activities African Amboseli analysis animal appear areas artifact sites assemblages behavior bone accumulation bovids carcasses carnivores Chapter collection complete concentration consistent Crocuta cut marks damage death early hominids elements equids evidence example excavated fact factors faunal Figure flakes FLK North-6 FLK Zinj FLKNN-2 foraging formation fossil fragments frags frequencies habitats home base hominid activities hominids human hunting hyenas idea identified important indet indicate inferences interpretation lake large mammals least levels locations long bones major mammal material meat Medium observed occur Olduvai sites original particular patterns Percentage period pieces places Pleistocene possible predation present Press primates processing produced proximal range relative remains represented result sample scavenging shaft similar skeletal social species specimens stone stone artifacts stone tools suggests suids surface TABLE taxa taxon transport weathering