Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai: Foundations of Human BehaviourRichard Potts Routledge, 28 июл. 2017 г. - Всего страниц: 407 The earliest sites at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania are among the best documented and most important for studies of human evolution. This book investigates the behavior of hominids at Olduvai using data of stone tools and animal bones, as well as the results of work in taphonomy (how animals become fossils), the behavior of mammals, and a wide range of ecological theory and data. By illustrating the ways in which modern and prehistoric evidence is used in making interpretations, the author guides the reader through the geological, ecological, and archeological areas involved in the study of humans.Based on his study of the Olduvai excavations, animal life, and stone tools, the author carefully examines conventional views and proposals about the early Olduvai sites. First, the evidence of site geology, tool cut marks, and other clues to the formation of the Olduvai sites are explored. On this basis, the large mammal communities in which early hominids lived are investigated, using methods which compare sites produced mainly by hominids with others made by carnivores. Questions about hominid hunting, scavenging, and the importance of eating meat are then scrutinized. The leading alternative positions on each issue are discussed, providing a basis for understanding some of the most contentious debates in paleo-anthropology today.The dominant interpretive model for the artifact and bone accumulations at Olduvai and other Plio-Pleistocene sites has been that they represent home bases, social foci similar to the campsites of hunter-gatherers. Based on paleo-ecological evidence and ecological models, the author critically analyzes the home base interpretation and proposes alternative views. A new view of the Olduvai sites - that they represent stone caches where hominids processed carcasses for food - is shown to have important implications for our understanding of hominid social behavior and evolution. |
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... range of environmental and geological processes . Other animals , such as herbivores and carnivores , interacted with hominids and with the artifacts they happened to leave on successive landscapes . Sedimentation and burial are ...
... range of environmental and geological processes . Other animals , such as herbivores and carnivores , interacted with hominids and with the artifacts they happened to leave on successive landscapes . Sedimentation and burial are ...
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... range of species have been identified from the fossilized bones , especially large mammals that ranged in size from gazelle ( over 12 kg ) to elephant . Most of the faunal remains were broken before burial and fossilization occurred ...
... range of species have been identified from the fossilized bones , especially large mammals that ranged in size from gazelle ( over 12 kg ) to elephant . Most of the faunal remains were broken before burial and fossilization occurred ...
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... range ( 12-15 ° C ) , if C3 grasses made up the entire vegetation . Alternatively , a flora dominated by C3 shrubs and trees , which implies an average rainfall greater than 800 mm per year , could also account for the carbon isotope ...
... range ( 12-15 ° C ) , if C3 grasses made up the entire vegetation . Alternatively , a flora dominated by C3 shrubs and trees , which implies an average rainfall greater than 800 mm per year , could also account for the carbon isotope ...
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... latter is a land dweller . The most common turtle species at DK , Pelusios sinuatus , shows a narrow range of variation in size compared with modern forms . Auffenberg ( 1981 ) suggests that this restricted The Sites at the Gorge 27.
... latter is a land dweller . The most common turtle species at DK , Pelusios sinuatus , shows a narrow range of variation in size compared with modern forms . Auffenberg ( 1981 ) suggests that this restricted The Sites at the Gorge 27.
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... range may have resulted by selection from a more variable population , in accord with possible foraging practices by hominids . All nine major taxa of large mammals were present in both Levels 2 and 3 at DK : bovids , suids , equids ...
... range may have resulted by selection from a more variable population , in accord with possible foraging practices by hominids . All nine major taxa of large mammals were present in both Levels 2 and 3 at DK : bovids , suids , equids ...
Содержание
Part II Formation of the Olduvai Sites | 35 |
Part III Hominid Behavior and Paleoecology | 151 |
Bibliography | 313 |
Site DK | 333 |
Site FLKNN3 | 351 |
FLKNN 2 | 361 |
Site FLK22 | 369 |
Site FL K North6 | 381 |
Index | 390 |
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Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai: Foundations of Human Behaviour Richard Potts Ограниченный просмотр - 2017 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
abundance accumulation activities African Amboseli analysis animal appear areas artifact sites assemblages behavior bone accumulation bovids carcasses carnivores Chapter collection complete concentration consistent Crocuta cut marks damage death early hominids elements equids evidence example excavated fact factors faunal Figure flakes FLK North-6 FLK Zinj FLKNN-2 foraging formation fossil fragments frags frequencies habitats home base hominid activities hominids human hunting hyenas idea identified important indet indicate inferences interpretation lake large mammals least levels locations long bones major mammal material meat Medium observed occur Olduvai sites original particular patterns Percentage period pieces places Pleistocene possible predation present Press primates processing produced proximal range relative remains represented result sample scavenging shaft similar skeletal social species specimens stone stone artifacts stone tools suggests suids surface TABLE taxa taxon transport weathering