Physics for University Students: Heat, electricity, and magnetismAllyn and Bacon, 1906 |
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Physics for University Students: Heat, electricity, and magnetism Henry Smith Carhart Полный просмотр - 1896 |
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absorbed acid alternating currents amperes angle armature axis ball body boiling point carbon cathode cell centimetre charge coefficient coil condenser conductivity conductor connected constant copper current flows curve cylinder Daniell cell deflection density dielectric direction discharge disk distance dynes elec electric current electrification electrode electrolyte electromagnetic electromotive force energy equal equation freezing galvanometer gases glass helix Hence hydrogen increase induction insulated inversely ions iron junction Leyden jar light lines of force liquid magnetic circuit magnetic field magnetic force mass measured melting mercury metal molecules motion needle negative Ohm's law ohms oscillations parallel pass placed plane plate platinum polarization pole positive potential difference pressure produced proportional quantity of heat radiation resistance rotation silver solution specific heat sphere square substance surface temperature thermal capacity thermometer thermopile tion tube V₁ vapor voltaic voltaic cell volume Whence wire zero zinc
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Стр. 37 - Avogadro's principle or hypothesis, which states that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules, was the extension of Dalton's Atomic Theory necessary to put the theoretical interpretation of chemistry on a solid foundation.
Стр. 2 - It is hardly necessary to add, that anything which any insulated body, or system of bodies, can continue to furnish without limitation, cannot possibly be a material substance ; and it appears to me to be extremely difficult, if not quite impossible, to form any distinct idea of anything capable of being excited and communicated in the manner the Heat was excited and communicated in these experiments, except it be MOTION.
Стр. 139 - It is impossible for a self-acting machine, unaided by any external agency, to convey heat from one body to another at a higher temperature ; or heat cannot of itself (that is, without compensation) pass from a colder to a warmer body.
Стр. 139 - It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects.
Стр. 124 - The whole theory of the motive power of heat is founded on the two following propositions, due respectively to Joule, and to Carnot and Clausius. PROP. I. (Joule). — When equal quantities of mechanical effect are produced by any means whatever from purely thermal sources, or lost in purely thermal effects, equal quantities of heat are put out of existence or are generated.
Стр. 258 - If the same quantity of electricity passes through different electrolytes, the masses of the different ions deposited will be proportional to the chemical equivalents of the ions. Thus if the same current pass through acidulated water, copper sulphate, and silver nitrate in succession, then for each gramme of hydrogen collected there will be 8 grammes of oxygen, 31 '6 of copper, and 108 of silver.
Стр. 3 - The immediate cause of the phenomena of heat then is motion, and the laws of its communication are precisely the same, as the laws of the communication of motion.
Стр. 48 - ... the product of the specific heat by the atomic weight is the same for all the elementary substances.
Стр. 272 - As a unit of resistance, the international ohm, which is based upon the ohm equal to 109 units of resistance of the CGS system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice 14-4521 grammes in mass, of a constant cross-sectional area and of the length of 106-3 cm.
Стр. 14 - ... whilst the latter are considered negative, and designated by the sign — . Of course the boiling point is marked 100°. Fig. 134 represents a thermometer mounted and graduated according to the centigrade scale. In it the mercury indicates 30° C.