Principles of Geology: Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes Now in Operation, Том 2J. Murray, 1832 |
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Стр. ix
... action of the inorganic causes - Illustration derived from subsidences by earthquakes -from the elevation of land by the same - from the formation of new islands -from the wearing through of an isthmus - Each change in the physical ...
... action of the inorganic causes - Illustration derived from subsidences by earthquakes -from the elevation of land by the same - from the formation of new islands -from the wearing through of an isthmus - Each change in the physical ...
Стр. x
... action of animal and vegetable life - Conservative influence of vegetation — Its bearing on the theory of the formation of valleys , and on the age of the cones of certain extinct volcanos - Rain diminished by the felling of forests ...
... action of animal and vegetable life - Conservative influence of vegetation — Its bearing on the theory of the formation of valleys , and on the age of the cones of certain extinct volcanos - Rain diminished by the felling of forests ...
Стр. xi
... Frith of Forth - Burrowing shells secured from the ordinary action of waves and currents - Living testacea found at considerable depths PAGE 228 239 253 272 PAGE CHAPTER XVIII . Formation of coral reefs - They CONTENTS . xi.
... Frith of Forth - Burrowing shells secured from the ordinary action of waves and currents - Living testacea found at considerable depths PAGE 228 239 253 272 PAGE CHAPTER XVIII . Formation of coral reefs - They CONTENTS . xi.
Стр. 7
... actions and habits . These actions require the more frequent employment of some parts before but slightly exercised , and then greater develop- * Phil . Zool . tom . i . p . 232 . ment follows as a consequence of their more frequent use ...
... actions and habits . These actions require the more frequent employment of some parts before but slightly exercised , and then greater develop- * Phil . Zool . tom . i . p . 232 . ment follows as a consequence of their more frequent use ...
Стр. 18
... action of secondary causes , we have seen that many perplexing difficulties present themselves to one who attempts to establish the nature and the reality of the specific character . And if once there appears ground of reasonable doubt ...
... action of secondary causes , we have seen that many perplexing difficulties present themselves to one who attempts to establish the nature and the reality of the specific character . And if once there appears ground of reasonable doubt ...
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alluvium America ancient animal and vegetable animals and plants appear aquatic become birds bones breccia buried calcareous causes century cetacea circumstances climate coast common considerable continually coral coral reefs deposits depth diffused distance distinct drifted du Mus earth earthquakes elevation Europe example existence feet floods forests formation fresh-water geological geologist globe gradually habits herbivorous human hundred hyæna hybrid Iceland imbedded individuals infer inhabitants insects instincts islands isles lakes Lamarck land latitudes limestone living marine mass migrations miles molluscs Morayshire moss mountains naturalists nature observed ocean organic original peat peculiar period physical geography plants and animals preserved produced quadrupeds quantity races racters reefs regions remains remarkable river rocks sand Scotland seeds shells shores soil sometimes species strata subaqueous suppose surface terrestrial terrestrial animals terrestrial plants testacea thousand tion tract Trans trees tribes tropical variety volcanic wild winds zoophytes
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Стр. 135 - In bigness to surpass earth's giant sons, Now less than smallest dwarfs in narrow room Throng numberless...
Стр. 228 - Earth, sand, gravel, stones, and other transported matter which has been washed away and thrown down by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.
Стр. 212 - Thus, in Mar forest, in Aberdeenshire, large trunks of Scotch fir, which had fallen from age and decay, were soon immured in peat, formed partly out of their perishing leaves and branches, and in part from the growth of other plants. We...
Стр. 134 - ... life, in the creation of which nature has been so prodigal. A scanty number of minute individuals, only to be detected by careful research, and often not detectable at all, are ready, in a few days or weeks, to give birth to myriads, which may repress or remove the nuisances referred to. But no sooner has the commission been executed, than the gigantic power becomes dormant...
Стр. 56 - If, therefore, the relative fecundity or hardiness of hybrids be in the least degree inferior, they cannot maintain their footing for many generations, even if they were ever produced beyond one generation in a wild state. In the universal struggle for existence, the right of the strongest eventually prevails; and the strength and durability of a race depends mainly on its prolificness, in which hybrids are acknowledged to be deficient.
Стр. 121 - Were the whole of mankind now cut off, with the exception of one family, inhabiting the old or new continent, or Australia, or even some coral islet of the Pacific, we...
Стр. 24 - We must suppose that when the author of nature creates an animal or a plant, all the possible circumstances in which its descendants are destined to live are foreseen, and that an organization is conferred upon it which will enable the species to perpetuate itself, and survive under all the varying circumstances to which it must be inevitably exposed.
Стр. 213 - Continent, the largest trees are found in those peat-mosses which lie in the least elevated regions, and that the trees are proportionally smaller in those which lie at higher levels ; from which fact De Luc and Walker have both inferred, that the trees grew on the spot, for they would naturally attain a greater size in lower and warmer levels. The leaves also, and fruits of each species, are continually found immersed in the moss along with the parent trees ; as, for example, the leaves and acorns...
Стр. 63 - If you examine the brain of the mammalia, says M. Serres, at an early stage of uterine life, you perceive the cerebral hemispheres consolidated, as in fish, in two vesicles, isolated one from the other ; at a later period, you see them affect the configuration of the cerebral hemispheres of reptiles ; still later again, they present you with the forms of those of birds ; finally, they acquire, at the era of birth, and sometimes later, the permanent forms which the adult mammalia present.