Elementary Principles of EconomicsCosimo, Inc., 1 окт. 2006 г. - Всего страниц: 564 From America's first celebrated economist comes this 1912 textbook with a succinct yet highly informative introduction to economics as it was understood and practiced in the early 20th century. Fisher provides in-depth discussions of basic topics including: . wealth, property, and income . credit and debt . currency, prices, and monetary systems . supply and demand, capital and labor . poverty . and more. American economist IRVING FISHER (1867-1947) was professor of political economy at Yale University. Among his many books are The Rate of Interest (1907), Why Is the Dollar Shrinking? A Study in the High Cost of Living (1914), and Booms and Depressions (1932). _____________________________ ALSO FROM COSIMO: Fisher's The Purchasing Power of Money: Its Determination and Relation to Credit Interest and Crises and Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices and Appreciation and Interest |
Содержание
Some Remarks on Desirability | 286 |
Individual Demands Derived from Marginal Desirabilities | 287 |
33 | 292 |
Relation of Market Price to Desirability | 294 |
Importance of the Marginal Desirability of Money | 298 |
34 | 299 |
Desires or Wants the Foundation of Demand | 300 |
THE INFLUENCES BEHIND SUPPLY | 303 |
| 11 | |
| 13 | |
| 20 | |
| 23 | |
| 25 | |
| 26 | |
| 30 | |
Table of Typical Property Rights | 33 |
Practical Problems of Property | 34 |
CAPITAL | 37 |
Capitalgoods Capitalvalue Capitalbalance | 39 |
Book and Market Values | 44 |
Case of decreasing Capitalbalance | 45 |
Insolvency | 48 |
Real and Fictitious Persons | 50 |
Two Methods of Combining Capital Accounts | 51 |
Ultimate Result of Method of Couples | 54 |
Confusions to be Avoided | 57 |
IV | 60 |
V | 75 |
PAGE I | 87 |
Preliminary Results of Combining these Income Accounts | 88 |
5 | 94 |
9 | 95 |
VI | 102 |
Application to Valuing Instruments and Property | 112 |
VII | 127 |
SECTION PAGE | 132 |
The Risk Element | 138 |
PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE PURCHASING POWER | 144 |
The Equation of Exchange Arithmetically Expressed | 151 |
II | 158 |
The Equation of Exchange Algebraically Expressed | 159 |
IX | 165 |
The Basis of Circulating Credit | 171 |
The Total Currency and its Circulation | 178 |
DETERMINATION OF PRICES | 180 |
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF PURCHASING POWER DUR | 184 |
REMOTE INFLUENCES ON PRICES | 192 |
Influences which Conditions Connecting Producers and Con | 194 |
XIII | 204 |
Influence of Melting and Minting on the Quantity of Money | 209 |
13 | 215 |
CHAPTER XIII | 221 |
When Bimetallism Succeeds | 230 |
CHAPTER XIV | 240 |
An Index Number of Prices | 247 |
17 | 253 |
20 | 266 |
www 23 | 269 |
25 | 270 |
26 | 271 |
THE INFLUENCES BEHIND DEMAND | 278 |
30 | 279 |
Desirability | 281 |
Illustration | 283 |
Principle of Marginal Cost | 311 |
ut ww 37 | 312 |
Downward Supply Curves | 314 |
Resulting Cutthroat Competition | 317 |
39 | 318 |
Resulting Tendency toward Monopoly | 321 |
Fixed and Running Costs | 323 |
General and Particular Running Costs | 326 |
Monopoly Price | 329 |
XVIII | 333 |
Arbitrage | 335 |
Speculation CHAPTER XVIII | 339 |
SECTION PAGE | 344 |
Prices of Goods in Series | 350 |
XIX | 354 |
A Common Money Fallacy | 356 |
Effect of Unequal Foresight | 362 |
XX | 365 |
The Socialist Theory | 369 |
CHAPTER XXI | 375 |
Influence of the Size of the Incomestream | 381 |
XXII | 389 |
44 | 391 |
45 | 393 |
XXIII | 410 |
The Rent of Land | 413 |
Rent and Interest | 422 |
Interest Rent Dividends and Profits | 423 |
Avoidance of Risk | 427 |
INCOME FROM LABOR 1 Similarity of Rent and Wages | 433 |
PRINCIPLES OF DISTRIBUTION | 436 |
The Demand for Labor | 440 |
The Efficiency of Labor | 444 |
The Makework Fallacy | 451 |
Wages and Enterprisers Profits | 454 |
Profits and Distribution Generally | 458 |
CHAPTER XXV | 464 |
Distribution of Wealth | 476 |
Equality of Distribution an Unstable Condition | 478 |
The Limits of Enrichment and Impoverishment | 483 |
The Actual State of Distribution | 489 |
48 | 490 |
WEALTH AND WELFARE | 494 |
Evils Connected with the Quantity of Wealth | 495 |
The Cost of Vanity | 506 |
50 | 515 |
54 | 516 |
278 | 517 |
281 | 518 |
283 | 519 |
287 | 522 |
298 | 524 |
247 | 527 |
321 | 528 |
495 | 531 |
Другие издания - Просмотреть все
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
amount arbitrage assets balance bank deposits bimetallism bond borrowers bullion bushel called capital account capital-value cash chapter cloth coal coin commodity consists currency debited decrease demand curve demand schedule depositors desirability of money dollar economics effect equal equation of exchange fact five per cent future income given gold Gresham's Law income accounts income taken income-stream increase individual instance interactions interest accrued labor land less level of prices liabilities loans marginal cost marginal desirability market price measured method of couples outgo owner ownership payment power of money present value price level production profits property rights purchasing power quantity of money railway rate of impatience rate of interest ratio rent represents reservoir result rise risk schedule or curve sell silver supply and demand supply curve surplus tend tion unit velocity of circulation volume of trade wages wheat worth yield
Популярные отрывки
Стр. 222 - For your old and standard pieces, valued, and approved, and tried, Here among the Grecian nations, and in all the world beside ; Recognized in every realm for trusty stamp and pure assay, Are rejected and abandon'd for the trash of yesterday; For a vile, adulterate issue, drossy, counterfeit, and base, Which the traffic of the city passes current in their place...
Стр. 188 - Deposit currency (M') expands relatively to money (M). 5. Prices continue to rise, that is, phenomenon No. 1 is repeated. Then No. 2 is repeated, and so on.
Стр. 161 - To recapitulate, we find then that, under the conditions assumed, the price level varies (1) directly as the quantity of money in circulation (M), (2) directly as the velocity of its circulation (V), (3) inversely as the volume of trade done by it (T). The first of these three relations is worth emphasis. It constitutes the
Стр. 332 - Herbert Spencer once invented an excellent invalid chair, and, thinking to give it to the world without recompense to himself, did not patent it. The result was that no manufacturer dared risk undertaking its manufacture. Each knew that, if it succeeded, competitors would spring up and rob him of most or all of his profits, while, on the other hand, it might fail.
Стр. 164 - In short, the quantity theory asserts that ( provided velocity of circulation and volume of trade are unchanged) if we increase the number of dollars, whether by renaming coins, or by debasing coins, or by increasing coinage, or by any other means, prices will be increased in the same proportion. It is the number, and not the weight, that is essential. This fact needs great emphasis. It is a fact which differentiates money from all other goods and explains the peculiar manner in which its purchasing...
Стр. 161 - Q's all vary in a given ratio, either the p's must all vary in the inverse ratio or else some of them will vary more and others enough less to compensate. We may, if we wish, further simplify the right side by writing it in the form PT where P is a weighted average of all the p's, and T is the sum of all the Q's. P then represents in one magnitude the level of prices, and T represents in one magnitude the volume of trade.
Стр. 182 - These preferences are so strong that we could not imagine them overridden except temporarily and to a small degree. A business firm would hardly pay car fares with checks and liquidate its large liabilities with cash. Each person strikes an equilibrium between his use of the two methods of payment, and does not greatly disturb it except for short periods of time. He keeps his stock of money or his bank balance in constant adjustment to the payments he makes in money or by check. Whenever his stock...
Стр. 242 - ... notes and other paper money. The quantity of deposits will be increased, and therefore the price level increased by extension of the banking system and by the use of book credit. The reverse causes produce, of course, reverse effects. Thus, behind the five sets of causes which alone affect the purchasing power of money, we find over a dozen antecedent causes. If we chose to pursue the inquiry to still remoter stages, the number of causes would be found to increase at each stage in much the same...
Стр. 165 - The quantity theory of money thus rests, ultimately, upon the fundamental peculiarity which money alone, of all goods possesses, — the fact that it has no power to satisfy human wants except a power to purchase things which do have such power.1 1 Cf. GP Knapp, Staatliche Theorie des Geldes, Leipzig, 1905 ; L. von Bortkiewicz, " Die geldtheoretischen und die wahrungspolitischen Consequenzen des
Стр. 156 - X 10.00 per ton + 30,000,000 yards X 2.00 per yard. If the prices rise unevenly, the doubling must evidently be brought about by compensation; if some prices rise by less than double, others must rise by enough more than double to exactly compensate. But whether all prices increase uniformly, each being exactly doubled, or some prices increase more and some less (so as still to double the total money value of the goods purchased), the prices are doubled on the average. This proposition is usually...
Ссылки на эту книгу
Managing Intellectual Capital: Organizational, Strategic, and Policy Dimensions David J. Teece Недоступно для просмотра - 2002 |
The Entrepreneur in Microeconomic Theory: Disappearance and Explanation Humberto Barreto Недоступно для просмотра - 1989 |