The Spirit of Western Philosophy: A Historical Interpretation Including Selections from the Major European Philosophers

absolutely actual analysis argument Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle's Augustinian believe Benjamin Jowett body called causal conceive conception concrete consciousness consider constitute courage Democritus Descartes Descartes's described distinct doctrine Empiricism Empiricist entities Epicurean ethical existence experience external final cause formal cause Greek happiness Hegel Heraclitus human ideal ideas individual intellectual intelligence interpretation intuition Kant Kant's knowledge laws Leibniz Leucippus logic mathematics matter means medieval Metaphysics mind modern moral motion nature never Nicias object opinion pantheism Parmenides perceive perception phenomenal world philosophy physical Plato Platonic form pleasure Plotinus possess possible present principle problems produced proposition pure qualities reality reason recognize relation Reprinted by permission seems sense social Socrates soul space speculative Spinoza spirit substance suppose teleology theory things thinkers thinking thought Timaeus tion trans Translated true truth understanding universe virtue W. D. Ross whole wholly words