Pessimism: A History and Criticism

action æsthetic affirmation aims appears Arthur Schopenhauer attainment balance of happiness belief bodily character civilisation clearly conceive conception consciousness desire distinctly doctrine doubt effect element emotional enjoyment evanescence evil example existence experience external fact factor favourable feeling force G. H. Lewes Hartmann hedonism hedonist Hegel human idea of happiness ideal imagination individual influence instinctive intellectual intelligence intensity involves J. S. Mill life's limits mankind means ment mental metaphysical mind misery mode modern pessimism moral natural selection nervous noumenon object Omar Khayyám optimism and pessimism optimistic organic permanent Pessimismus pessimist philosophical pessimism philosophy physical pleasure and pain positive possible present principle progress question realised reality reason recognised relation representation result satisfaction Schopenhauer Schopenhauer's scientific seek seems sensation sense sensibility social speak supposed temperament theory things thought tion truth Uncon unconscious unconscious mind volition whole wholly wise worth writers