A Manual of EthicsCosimo, Inc., 1 янв. 2005 г. - Всего страниц: 472 The ethos of a people... we may say, constitutes the atmosphere in which the best members of a race habitually live...-from "The Virtues"Offered as a textbook for university students and drawing from both classical and modern schools of philosophical thought-from Aristotle and the Bible to Mill, Hume, and Kant-this comprehensive 1901 overview of the universe of ethical thought is still a valuable resource today. The fascinating discussions within explore: .the nature of ethics.the art of conduct.ethics and the physical sciences.ethics and economics.psychological hedonism.the true sense of freedom.the origin of conscience.the moral connoisseur.the general problem of authority.the social universe.theories of punishment.morality and religion.and more.A book to dip into at random or to read in-depth, this is as fresh and original today as it was a century ago.British philosopher JOHN STUART MACKENZIE (1860-1935) was professor of logic and philosophy at the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, and a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. |
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Стр. xi
... The True Sense of Freedom.- 10. Animal Spontaneity.- 11. Human Liberty.- 12. The Highest Free- dom.- 13. The Nature of Voluntary Action ....... 83 Note on Responsibility ... ΙΟΙ CHAPTER IV . - THE EVOLUTION OF CONDUCT . ? CONTENTS . xi.
... The True Sense of Freedom.- 10. Animal Spontaneity.- 11. Human Liberty.- 12. The Highest Free- dom.- 13. The Nature of Voluntary Action ....... 83 Note on Responsibility ... ΙΟΙ CHAPTER IV . - THE EVOLUTION OF CONDUCT . ? CONTENTS . xi.
Стр. 3
... human life . Men aim at various objects . Some desire wealth ; others , independence ; others , power . Some are eager for fame ; others , for knowledge ; others , for love ; and some again find their highest good in loving and serving ...
... human life . Men aim at various objects . Some desire wealth ; others , independence ; others , power . Some are eager for fame ; others , for knowledge ; others , for love ; and some again find their highest good in loving and serving ...
Стр. 4
... human life . The question whether any such end can be discovered is rather one that must be discussed in the course of our study . What it is necessary for us to assume is simply that there is some ideal in life , i . e . that there is ...
... human life . The question whether any such end can be discovered is rather one that must be discussed in the course of our study . What it is necessary for us to assume is simply that there is some ideal in life , i . e . that there is ...
Стр. 7
... human- ity . Now , some of the differences which occur in the moral codes of different peoples are not without mean- ing even for the student of the moral ideal . A reflective moralist , to whatever school of thought he might belong ...
... human- ity . Now , some of the differences which occur in the moral codes of different peoples are not without mean- ing even for the student of the moral ideal . A reflective moralist , to whatever school of thought he might belong ...
Стр. 9
... human beings ought to aim as the summum bonum . Thus , what is commonly known as the Utilitarian school regards the attainment of " the greatest happiness of the greatest number " as the end to be aimed at , and conceives that it is the ...
... human beings ought to aim as the summum bonum . Thus , what is commonly known as the Utilitarian school regards the attainment of " the greatest happiness of the greatest number " as the end to be aimed at , and conceives that it is the ...
Содержание
1 | |
20 | |
35 | |
43 | |
59 | |
69 | |
83 | |
Note on Responsibility ΙΟΙ | 101 |
THE STANDARD AS | 162 |
Note on Kant | 203 |
THE STANDARD AS PERFECTION | 234 |
THE AUTHORITY OF THE Moral Standard | 255 |
THE BEARING OF THEORY ON PRACTICE | 273 |
THE SOCIAL UNITY | 291 |
MORAL INSTITUTIONS | 309 |
Note on Justice | 329 |
The Development of the Moral Consciousness | 104 |
Note on Sociology | 113 |
The Earliest Forms of the Moral Judgment ? 2 | 123 |
The Nature of the Moral Judgment 2 2 The Object | 131 |
Note on the Meaning of Conscience | 146 |
THE TYPES OF ETHICAL THEORY | 156 |
Note on Rules of Conduct | 349 |
THE INDIVidual Life | 374 |
MORAL PATHOLOGY | 393 |
MORAL Progress | 413 |
Social Evolution 2 The Moral Universe 3 Inner | 426 |
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
action æsthetic animal appetite Aristotle attainment beauty Book categorical imperative chap chapter character commandments concrete conduct conscience consider consideration course deal definite desire distinction duty Elements of Ethics Epicureans fact feeling Greek habit happiness Hedonism Hedonistic Hegel Hence Herbert Spencer History of Ethics human idea individual instance intention involved J. S. Mill Kant kind lives Logic man's means ment merely metaphysical Methods of Ethics moral ideal moral judgment moral law motive Muirhead's Elements nature normative science object obligation pain paradox of Hedon particular partly perhaps Philosophy Plato pleasure point of view political positive science possible practical science present principle psychological Hedonism Psychology question rational reason reference regarded relation rules science of Ethics seek seems Sidgwick's History simply social Sociology Spencer student summum bonum supreme term theory thing thought tion true universe Utilitarianism virtue whole writers
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Стр. 429 - By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed ; and he went out, not knowing whither he went.
Стр. 220 - No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good : that each person's happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.
Стр. 97 - For my part, when I enter most intimately into what I call myself, I always stumble on some particular perception or other, of heat or cold, light or shade, love or hatred, pain or pleasure. I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe anything but the perception.
Стр. 214 - The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible is that people actually see it. The only proof that a sound is audible is that people hear it; and so of the other sources of our experience. In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable is that people do actually desire it.
Стр. 184 - ... you cannot form a notion of this faculty, conscience, without taking in judgment, direction, superintendency. This is a constituent part of the idea, that is, of the faculty itself : and to preside and govern, from the very economy and constitution of man, belongs to it. Had it strength, as it has right ; had it power, as it has manifest authority, it would absolutely govern the world.
Стр. 171 - A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines. With consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do.
Стр. 76 - In being desired for its own sake, it is, however, desired as part of happiness. The person is made, or thinks he would be made, happy by its mere possession, and is made unhappy by failure to obtain it. The desire of it is not a different thing from the desire of happiness, any more than the love of music or the desire of health. They are included in happiness. They are some of the elements of which the desire of happiness is made up. Happiness is not an abstract idea, but a concrete whole ; and...
Стр. 197 - There are who ask not if thine eye Be on them; who, in love and truth Where no misgiving is, rely Upon the genial sense of youth: Glad hearts! without reproach or blot, Who do thy work, and know it not: Oh ! if through confidence misplaced They fail, thy saving arms, dread Power!
Стр. 383 - What does he therefore, but resolves to give over toiling, and to find himself out some factor, to whose care and credit he may commit the whole managing of his religious affairs; some divine of note and estimation that must be. To him he adheres, resigns the whole warehouse of his religion, with all the locks and keys into his custody, and indeed makes the very person of that man his religion ; esteems his associating with him a sufficient evidence and commendatory of his own piety.