Everything in Everything: Anaxagoras's MetaphysicsOxford University Press, 24 февр. 2017 г. - Всего страниц: 288 Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (Vth century BCE) is best known in the history of philosophy for his stance that there is a share of everything in everything. He puts forward this theory of extreme mixture as a solution to the problem of change that he and his contemporaries inherited from Parmenides - that what is cannot come from what is not (and vice versa). Yet, for ancient and modern scholars alike, the metaphysical significance of Anaxagoras's position has proven challenging to understand. In Everything in Everything, Anna Marmodoro offers a fresh interpretation of Anaxagoras's theory of mixture, arguing for its soundness and also relevance to contemporary debates in metaphysics. For Anaxagoras the fundamental elements of reality are the opposites (hot, cold, wet, dry, etc.), which Marmodoro argues are instances of physical causal powers. The unchanging opposites compose mereologically, forming (phenomenologically) emergent wholes. Everything in the universe (except nous) derives from the opposites. Marmodoro shows that this is made possible in Anaxagoras system by the omni-presence and hence com-presence of the opposites in the universe, which is in turn facilitated by the fact that for Anaxagoras the opposites exist as unlimitedly divided. She argues that Anaxagoras is the first ante litteram 'gunk lover' in the history of metaphysics. He also has a unique conception of (non-material) gunk and a unique power ontology, which Marmodoro refers to as 'power gunk'. Marmodoro investigates the nature of power gunk and the explanatory utility of the concept for Anaxagoras, for his theory of extreme mixture; and finally contrasts it with the only other metaphysical system in antiquity positing (material) gunk, that of the Stoics. |
Содержание
| 1 | |
1 The Fundamental Items in the Ontology | 11 |
2 The Principles Governing the Ontology | 46 |
3 A Theory of Extreme Mixture | 74 |
4 Compresence versus Containment of the Opposites | 105 |
5 Intelligent Powers | 129 |
6 Stoic Gunk | 156 |
Conclusions | 186 |
| 191 | |
| 199 | |
| 213 | |
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Alexander of Aphrodisias Anaxagoras says Anaxagoras’s ontology Anaxagoras’s opposites Anaxagoras’s system Anaxagorean argue argument Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle’s blend bodies causal efficacy causal interaction causal powers Chrysippus cival cold colocation constitution Curd density developed discussion earth EE-P elements Empedocles entities everything in everything exist explain extant texts extreme mixture FundAmentAl Items gunky hylē and pneuma infinite divisibility infinity ingredients inseparable instance instantiated IntellIgent PoWers intensity Inwood kind material objects matter mereology metaphysical mixants mixed nature Nolan NoLeast-P nous’s oppo Parmenidean Parmenides particles Particulate interpretation perception philosophical physical Plato position potentiality preponderance primordial mixture principle properties Proportionate interpretation Regress argument Sedley seeds separate share of everything Stobaeus stoIC gunK structure stuffs substances substratum teleology textual evidence theory oF eXtreme things thought tion tropes universe unlimited division unlimitedly small vortex γὰρ δὲ εἶναι ἐν καὶ τὰ νοῦς ὁμοῦ πάντα πάντων τε τὴν τὸ