Japanese Phonology: A Functional Approach

affricate Akamatsu 1997a alternative accentual patterns archiphoneme associated bilabial commutation test Commutative series Commutative series 19 composite words conservative dialect consonant phoneme system consonant segments contexts of neutralization definable distinctive units dorsal non-nasal dynamic synchrony enclitics English example words exclusive opposition free variation fricative functionalists indicated innovating dialect instances of neutralization Japanese consonant phonemes Japanese phonology Japanese words kana labial language linguistic loanwords Martinet minimal multiplets minimal pairs minority speech monemes moraic unit nasal consonant near-minimal multiplets neutralizable opposition non-palatalized dorsal occurrence of g occurs opposed opposition between Variants palatalized dorsal phonemes of Japanese phonetic contexts phonetic notation phonetic segments phonic phonological analysis phonological content phonological notation phonological opposition phonologically relevant pitch pattern prepausal context present pronounced realizations relevant feature sequence standard Japanese pronunciation sub-moraic unit syllable symbol systematic non-occurrence toneme unattested valid voiced non-palatalized voiced palatalized vowel segments word-initial context word-medial context