difference. The headsman's axe levels all distinctions. In death, at least, the man is equal to the monarch; both may be deserving of our pity, but we can hardly pity one more than the other. The narratives of Charles' death are so numerous that it would be useless for us to dwell on this point. Let it suffice that he died as became a man; and let us return to his widow. After she had received the tidings of an event, which, though she had long expected it, was still almost too horrible for belief, she wore a widow's weeds until the close of her life. One other trial she had to experience in the failure of her son's attempt at the battle of Worcester; but we must regard the death of her husband as the climax of her misfortunes, and consider that the minor evils which afterwards beset her were but steps to bring her down gradually from the highest pinnacle of woe to the smooth level of prosperity. Of her attempt to make her youngest son, the Duke of Gloucester, a Catholic, and of the severity with which she treated him when he refused compliance with her wishes, let us say nothing, for such attempts did not redound to her credit. Let us, in charity, hope that age and sorrow had scoured her temper, and marred the accuracy of her judgment, ere she resolved upon a line of conduct so contrary to her old ideas of rectitude. Of her subsequent return to England let us say as little; for we cannot bear to contemplate the warrior queen of 1640, the heroine of unnumbered perils, in connection with the hollowness and vanity which marked the court of her son. Let us only say that she died in France, on the 31st August, 1669, calmly and resignedly, fearing not to quit a world wherein she had found little else than pain. The pangs of her disease drew from her no complaints; she had marked the horrors of civil war, she had mourned the untimely fate of her husband, and had no fears of aught that could hurt herself. She was buried in the tombs of her fathers; but the republican fury which had persecuted her through life did not long permit her bones to lie quiet in their grave. During the excesses of the French revolution, her tomb, with the other monuments of royalty, was broken and defaced; so that the admirer of her character can now find no earthly trace of the queen, of whose life we have endeavoured to narrate the most remarkable events. F. I. S. 66 Christian Philosophy; or, Materials for Thought. By the Author of "Sketches and Skeletons of Sermons," "The Christian's Daily Portion," Pulpit Cyclopædia," "Sermons for Families and Villages," "Youthful Christian," &c. &c. &c. London: HOULSTON and STONEMAN, Paternoster Row. This is an unpretending volume, with nothing very particularly novel or very particularly philosophical, and which may, to a certain order of minds, be on the whole a useful performance. It has been the author's aim (we quote his own words) to present a variety of articles on interesting and important subjects, expressed in a condensed, sententious style, so as to furnish useful and instructive materials for thought on intellectual, moral, and spiritual themes. For carrying out this object, he has chosen such topics as were rather practical than speculative; for utility, and not display, has been the principle under which he has endeavoured to act in preparing them for the press. Having a strong attachment to works of a proverbial kind, and thinking many others might have a similar predilection, he concluded that such a book would tend both to interest and instruct a numerous class of readers. The subjects treated of are very various, and many of them, apart from the author's handling, are interesting enough. The book is rightly called Christian Philosophy-an undefinable title for a very undefinable kind of performance. With such a title the author has contrived to write as one before him did, De omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis. Notwithstanding, however, it is a work that can be read at odd intervals of time with advantage: the chapters are short; most of them relate to important matters, and certainly do not unnecessarily tax the reader's powers. What was the Fall? or, a Brief Statement of the Doctrines of Divines on the First and Second Death, with Observations, in which it is attempted to be shown that the Two Deaths are to be literally understood. London: JACKSON and WALFORD, 18, St. Paul's Churchyard. It is very far from our intention to turn The Student into a theological organ of any of the numerous denominations now existing in our country. We only notice this as an important pamphlet on one of the most eventful subjects that the believer in revelation can conceive of. From our own knowledge of the author, we feel called on to state that he is perfectly honest and sincere in his search after truth; and it is our opinion (an opinion in which we believe all the friends of rational Christianity will agree) that this subject cannot be too fully and earnestly discussed. The pamphlet before us, which must be allowed to be calmly and fairly written, deserves to be, and we trust will be, widely read. The Pharmaceutical Latin Grammar; being an Easy Introduction to Medical Latin, the London Pharmacopoeia, and the Perusal of Physicians' Prescriptions. By Arnold James Corley, Author of the Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts and Collateral Information in the Arts, Manufactures, and Trades," &c. London: R. GROOMBRIDGE and SONS, 5, Paternoster Row. 1845. The title we have given describes the nature of this work. It is, however, a concise and comprehensive introduction to the Latin tongue, and is thus suited to all classes, and not to the chemist, or druggist, or the mere student of medical Latinity alone. We can as such honestly recom mend it. THE LATE-HOUR QUESTION. METROPOLITAN INTELLIGENCE. THE Central Board of the Metropolitan Drapers' Association have been actively engaged, during the past month, upon various matters of detail connected with the general business of the Association (not requiring more minute mention), and the raising of the £5000 Prize Tract Fund. In reference to the latter, the following address has been prepared for circulation: EXCESSIVE TOIL. £5000 FUND. In commencing this address, the Committee feel that it would be unnecessary to say much with reference to the origin and principles of the Metropolitan Drapers' Association. Few societies have had the good fortune to meet with a larger meed of public fayour, and it is now well known. Should any, however, desire additional information, we refer them to the pages of The Student, and Young Men's Advocate,* (more particularly *The Student and Young Men's Advocate: a Magazine of Literature, Science, and Art. Price 4d. AYLOTT and JONES, 8, Paternoster-row; NISBET, Berners-street; and all booksellers. Also, the Prize Essay upon the Evils of Late Hours of Business, with Preface by the Hon. and Rev. BAPTIST W. NOEL. No. 1,) a monthly periodical, published under the auspices of the Association. It is now nearly three years since the Association was instituted, and its primary business-has as yet been but partially atobject an abridgment of the hours of tained. Why is this? We will tell you. The funds placed at the disposal of the Association have not admitted of more powerful measures being carried into operation. It is now conceded, by all who have given attention to the subject, that the cause of the late hours to which business is very generally protracted in all trades, is the custom on the part of the public of evening shopping. To achieve, therefore, a general and permanent improvement, it is necessary to effect an alteration in the public mind. That alteration can only be produced by an extensive diffusion of information on the subject, showing the evils of the system. the causes of, and the remedy for those evils; and appealing directly to every individual to assist in effecting the great improvement contemplated by the Association. To accomplish the desired end, the following plan has been decided on: A prize is to be offered for the best tract upon that part of the question relating to the public; and this tract, when procured, is To Assistants in the Drapery and all other Trudes, wholesale and retail, we first address ourselves, as being the most immediately interested-and we address all equally; for all will derive benefit from our success, and all will feel bitterly the withering effects of our failure. We appeal with the same confidence to our fellow-assistants in the country as to those in London; for no great good can take place in the metropolis without extending its influence to the provinces. In addition to which, as so many flock from all parts of the country to London-the great heart of the kingdom-it is to their interest to promote any change for the better in the place whither circumstances may be leading them. We would also emphatically impress upon the minds of assistants in other trades that there is nothing selfish in our object; but, even if there were, still our exertions could not fail to benefit them, and the measure which we have more immediately in view will be attended with fully as much advantage to them as to ourselves; for a tract upon the evils of the Late-hour System generally, must be as effectual in favour of one trade as another. Come forward and assist us, then, one and all, in this grand effort! One strong and vigorous pull together will accomplish the object! Singly, no body of assistants would perhaps accomplish it; if all be united, it may be easily achieved. Contribute something, however trifling the amount. Do not be withheld by an ignoble fear that you may be advancing your money without the certainty of a return. Victory already dawns! its consummation is sure, if we be but united, and put forth our strength to achieve it; and a generous friend of our cause, the Rev. Dr. Cumming, says, "Either we ought not to have begun, or, having begun, we must not withdraw till success shine unclouded on our path." To Employers. To you, gentlemen, we appeal with grateful feelings for the sympathy which has hitherto been manifested towards us by many of your body, and with the earnest hope of securing your cooperation for the future. We have never sought, we never shall seek, anything inimical to your interests-indeed, we can not do so without injury to our own; for we conceive the interests of employers and employed in this important question to be identical. The burden of late hours falls as heavy in many cases upon the one as the other, and, in one essential point, we believe you will reap very great benefitthat is, in the improved character and more profitable services of your assistants; for it is now universally admitted that men, worked within the limits of what they are able to perform, get through a greater amount of labour, and execute it more satisfactorily, than when worn out and fagged by over-toil. Under a system of shorter hours, therefore, your assistants would set about their avocations with greater cheerfulness and alacrity, and with a disposition to do as much as possible within the prescribed period; and that much as well as possible. Experience justifies us in believing, gentlemen, that such would be the result, and we hope that a similar conviction will induce you to contribute towards the fund we propose to raise. To the Public.-It is upon the public, however, and upon you, ladies, in particular, that we mainly rest our hopes of getting rid of this system of late hours. It is only with your co-operation that we can ever achieve our emancipation. We cannot expect, in these times of competition, that our employers will close their shops of an evening while you continue to throng them. Let us entreat of you, then, to abstain from doing so. If you were acquainted with the injuries you inflict upon us by your late shopping-if you knew that year after year added thousands to the victims of this horrible system of protracted labour, who descend to a premature grave, in many cases unnoticed and unknown, we are convinced you would resolve, with one universal mind, never more to enter a shop after six, or at the latest seven o'clock in the evening. It is upon this conviction we build our hopes of not making this appeal in vain. Every good and generous impulse prompts us to sympathize with the sufferings of each other. We call upon you, then, ladies and gentlemen, earnestly and respectfully, to release us from the thraldom under which we groan. To every denomination of Christians, for our object may be regarded in a great degree as a religious one-to the philanthropist, and the philosopher,we alike appeal. The system is admitted upon all hands to be a hateful one. The voice of Humanity calls loudly for its extirpation; Justice demands it with equal vehemence; and Religion prays for it. Who, then, can hesitate to come forward and aid us in our Subscriptions received by Messrs. Prescott, Grote, and Co., 62, Threadneedle Street; Messrs. Glyn, Halifax, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard Street; Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and Co., 54, Lombard Street; Messrs. Aylott and Jones, 8. Paternoster Row; Mr. W. D. Owen, 44, Great Coram Street, Russell Square; Mr. C. Mayhew, 19, Ebury Street, Pimlico; and by the Secretary, at the Offices of the Association, 355, Strand. The Names of Subscribers will be published monthly in this magazine. PROVINCIAL INTELLIGENCE. We have little to add to the information afforded in previous numbers of our journal as to the state of the movement in the provinces. We have, however, received intelligence that the tradesmen of the following towns in Buckinghamshire have consented to close their establishments at eight o'clock every evening; viz., Aylesbury, Brill, Thame, Tring, Winstead, and Wycombe. AND YOUNG MEN'S ADVOCATE. THE LATE-HOUR SYSTEM A DISGRACE If we remember aright-for we read through the Mysteries of Paris with such breathless interest that we left ourselves no time to consider fairly what we were reading at all-Madame George and Fleur de Marie visit a farmer's wife at a short distance from them, who has been perplexed in the utmost possible degree because a certain duchess writes from Paris to say that apartments must be prepared by an appointed day, and that they must be made as comfortable as possible. The good woman cannot for the life of her understand what is meant by the term comfortable-no dictionary of her native tongue can explain the mysterious word. Her daughter has been to a boardingschool, has learnt the usual accomplishments, can dance and sing; but, alas! her ignorance of the meaning of the term is not one whit less entire than that of her more rustic mother. In this dilemma, Madame George appears, and the difficulty is removed; the mountain becomes a mole-hill; and the formidable term is found to denote a state of things peculiarly congenial to the habits and feelings of the English in general, and of old English bachelors in particular. The clouds vanish at once, and the good woman is all sunshine and smiles. Undoubtedly, comfort is a very respectable and desirable thing. Happy is the man who can feel it at all times within his reach! And we readily admit that, as a nation, we are by no means backward in the pursuit of so desirable a good. We understand every thing that conduces to its realization. We are grateful to those who come to us as the ministers and priests of this our favourite creed. A good cook, like a diamond, has always value in the market. M.Soyer, the renowned chief of the culinary department at the Reform Club, pockets, we believe, 8007. a year. Hood, in the dark days of his life, when, weakened |