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MARRIAGES.

LEEDOM-GASKILL.-Ninth month 30th, 1885, at the residence of the bride's parents, Camden, N. J., Jesse Jones Leedom, son of the late Jesse and Elizabeth Leedom, of Delaware county, Pa., and Elizabeth, daughter of Josiah and Margaretta H. Gaskill.

STEWART-HOLT.-On Tenth month 1st, 1885, at the residence of the bride's parents, in the city of Baltimore, Md., by Friends' ceremony, George Childs Stewart to Bertha S. Holt.

DEATHS.

DICKINSON.-Ninth month 25th, at Haverford, Delaware county, Pa., Margaret P. wife of George Dickinson, aged 49.

KINDLEY.—At her home, New Holland, Indiana, Ninth month 26th, 1885, Malinda, wife of Asa Kindley, in the 42d year of her age. She was not a member of the Society of Friends, although it had been for a long time her intention to make an application for herself and daughter to become members. Owing to feeble health and great suffering which she bore with fortitude, she was prevented from ɖoing so. She died in childlike innocence, and with the humble faith of a Christian.

LEGER.-Ninth month 30th, in West Philadelphia, of diphtheric croup, Jessie, daughter of Nathan J. and Ella Leger, in her 7th year.

LINVILL.-At her residence, in Salisbury township, Lancaster county, Pa., on Seventh-day, Tenth month 3d, Margaret, widow of the late John Linvill, aged 90 years, and 6 days. Interment at Sadsbury Friends' burying ground.

SWAYNE.-Tenth month 2d, in West Philadelphia, Effie L., wife of W. S. Swayne.

WOLFINGER.-Ninth month 30th, at Rising Sun, Philadelphia county, Katie M., wife of George V. Wolfinger, aged 20.

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For Friends' Intelligencer and Journal.

THE SCHOFIELD SCHOOL. READER of the INTELLIGENCER AND JOURNAL suggests that we make some statements in regard to the Schofield Normal and Industrial School.

When the term closed, the treasury lacked eight hundred and ninety dollars. This amount was simply dropped out of the salaries due the Principal and Business Manager, and although able to bear it one year, it has compelled us to refuse employing teachers for our two most advanced rooms, and unless some means can be assured, will compel the still more painful duty, of refusing pupils. Applications come in constantly; yesterday a letter from a pupil of last term, asking us to take five other girls as boarders. It hurts to refuse those who have worked and saved to come here and get more than is possible in a county school only open two or three months in the year. And they need the habits of a refined life and to be taught, economy, thrift, and how to work, as well as study. One well-trained young woman lifts up a whole neighborhood.

We have often opened on faith, but we worked faithfully and sufficient funds came in to cover expenses, until last term, and now it does not seem right to employ others unless we can pay them, or put our

own heads under water. A school of four hundred with its industries cannot be run on less than three or four thousand dollars a year.

No one has ever been able to say the Schofield School owed a debt it did not pay, and this fact has given such a reputation to the management that it takes real firmness to resist those who know we need, and who want to sell us material for a fence, bathhouses, tool-shop, etc.

During vacation fifty dollars has been sent in, and the question is must this be used for the coming term, or go to the balance due on last year?

It is like taking something out of my vital life to see the good of the School narrowed and curtailed, and there are moments when the Light seems to shine on the words.

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For Friends' Intelligencer and Journal. REFLECTIONS UPON THE TEMPERANCE

CENTENNIAL CONFERENCE.

THE Temperance Centennial Conference, which

met in Philadelphia on the 23d and 24th of last month, was attended with unabated interest throughout its sessions. There were five hundred and one delegates from different parts of the Union, and having a representation, also, from Nova Scotia and from Canada. There were papers presented by ministers of the various denominations, and from delegates from the different temperance organizations, in order that an accurate history of the century's work in the temperance reform might be presented.

The deliberations of the Conference were presided over by Gen. Clinton B. Fisk, except on the occasions in which he called on one of the Vice-Presidents to take the chair. In this city where Lucretia Mott has so nobly vindicated the claims of woman to equality with man, it was eminently fitting that Frances E. Willard, President of the National Women's Temperance Union, who is generally regarded as the foremost woman in America in this cause should be invited to preside at one of the sessions. Like Lucretia Mott on similar occasions, she conducted the proceedings with dignity, and proved herself equal to unlooked-for emergencies. She reminds us of Lucretia Mott in her having given her cultivated mind and versatile talents to the cause of reform, upon which she bestows her labors with unwearied zeal; in her possessing the power, by stirring words, of overcoming prejudices, and directing the current of her hearers' convictions into new channels; and in her having a Friend's love of accomplishing what she undertakes by a resort to

peace principles and appeals to reason, that each may be persuaded in his own mind that the course he is induced to adopt is the only one worthy of attention, its end and aim being, by means of total abstinence, to bring about the abolition of the slavery of the drink traffic.

At the Conference the Catholic Total Abstinence Society which is coming boldly to the front, and has an arduous field of labor, was represented by J. H. Campbell of Philadelphia, and Father Cleary of Wisconsin, who had traveled eight hundered miles to be present.

The Indians had also a representative in Dr. Oronleyateklia of London, Canada, who made the interesting statement that as far back as 1660, the women of the Six Nations requested the prohibition of the use of spirits. He also stated that the Indians in the Dominion had lately been enfranchised and could give the whites more than moral support in advancing the temperance movement, since in some of the constituencies the Indian vote would be the controlling power.

The freedmen were to have been represented on the platform by Prof. J. C. Price, one of themselves,

and a gifted orator. He was not at the Conference, but his paper will appear in the "Centennial Memorial Volume." In the absence of Prof. Price, the cause of the freedmen was ably sustained by C. H. Mead, a white minister, who has labored with marked success among them as a missionary, under the auspices of the National Temperance Union.

In the Centennial Volume will appear also a paper by Wm. Edgerton on temperance work in the Society of Friends. We were glad to see on the platform our friend Aaron M. Powell, whose paper and remarks were on "Legislation in Congress."

We will venture to say that the full significance of this centennial did not reveal itself beforehand to its projectors. It was designed to give a history of what the century has done for the temperance reform, from the day that Dr. Rush set its wheels in motion by the publication of a work on ardent spirits, to the present time. The conference acquitted itself admirably of its mission. If this had been all that was realized, the results would have been of exceeding interest. But to the thoughtful mind the indirect lessons of the hour were no less important than the study which claimed immediate consideration. We saw not only what the Church has done for temperance, but we saw also what the century has done for the unity of the Church, when Catholic and Protestant and all shades of Protestants, the severely Orthodox, the Unitarians, the Universalists, the Friends of both branches, met in friendly counsel to aid in the overthrow of a mighty evil. We were expected to learn what woman has done in the cause of total abstinence, and we were taught, also, what the century has done in the cause of equal rights, when the utterances of our sisters who addressed the assembly were listened to with as much respect and are held in as high regard as those of the men who took part in the proceedings. We were to be informed of what the North and the South have done to crush the liquor traffic. The hearts of

parents mourning for their children have hardly yet been healed since the time when the blue and the gray made havoc in thousands of the homes of our native land. Now we witness the dawning of a brighter day, for here comes temperance associated with charity, who with uplifting and cementing power and healing on their wings, sweep the chords of human sympathy into harmony as they flit over the land. Our hearts are filled with gratitude that the voice of the Lord hath revealed to the wisdom of man a way of rescue from the perils which are now threatening our hearthstones. Not by civil strife, but that all without distinction of sect, or sex, or party line, or nationality, or color, shall work together in that love which impels the good and the true to labor for our common welfare. May there be no variableness, neither shadow of turning," until prohibition reigns supreme, and the saloon oligarchy is forever vanquished. F. E. B.

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From the Philadelphia Ledger.

DR. BENJAMIN RUSH AND ANTHONY

BENEZET.

IN a little memorial of the Huguenot-Quaker schoolmaster, of Philadelphia, Anthony Benezet, prepared by his friend, Dr. Benjamin Rush, the latter referring to the burial of Benezet, says: "Colonel J -n, who had served in the American army during the late war, in returning from the funeral pronounced an eulogium upon him. It consisted only of the following words: 'I would rather,' said he be Anthony Benezet in that coffin than George Washington, with all his fame.'"

The Benezets were an eminent French family, some of whom, embracing the Protestant faith, were made to know the terrors and encounter the losses which followed the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the bi-centenary of which notable event is announced to be celebrated upon one of the days of the coming month. Anthony (born in 1713) united with the Society of Friends at the early age of fourteen, and, coming to Philadelphia, taught school for awhile at Germantown, but soon relinquished that position to take the headship of the City school, founded by charter of William Penn-the institution which, under the name of the "William Penn Charter School," is now located on Twelfth street, below Market. Anthony Benezet was a successful teacher in the best sense of the term, doing good service for the community during the long period of forty years. Meanwhile he published a number of tracts on philanthropic subjects, particularly upon the enslavement of the Africans, the civilization and Christian instruction of the Indian race, the wrongfulness of the war systems of the world, and (what is of not a little present historic interest) upon the use of ardent spirits. Dr. Rush, referring [1788] to these publications of Benezet says that they were circulated with great industry and at his own expense throughout every part of the United States."

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The tract of Benezet, dissuading against the use of spirituous liquors as a beverage, was issued eleven years earlier than the treatise upon the same subject by Dr. Rush. It has the title "The Mighty Destroy

er Displayed, in some account of the Dreadful Havock made by the Mistaken Use as well as Abuse of Distilled Spirituous Liquors. By A Lover of Mankind. Philadelphia, 1774." The physiological aspect of the subject is sustained by the views (which the author gives) of a number of eminent physicians; the testimony of travelers as to the observed effects of intemperance, or of the abstinence, upon the natives of various countries is given, safe substitutes for intoxicants are mentioned in detail; some moral and social considerations are added.

It should be stated that the Essay of Benezet goes further-perhaps some would say, is "more advanced" -than that of Rush, inasmuch as the former advises against the ordinary use of any drink which is liable to steal away a man's senses, and render him foolish, irascible, uncontrollable and dangerous. The pamphlet is of forty-eight duodecimo pages, and is quite rare, there being none in the Philadelphia and Mercantile Libraries. The Pennsylvania Historical Society possesses a single copy.

Before taking leave of the subject of the foregoing tract it may be well to add a portion of the reference which is made to it by Roberts Vaux, who, in a memoir of Benezet (1817), says: "Against the employment, therefore, of that article (spirituous liquors), excepting in the materia medica, he maintained a continual and faithful testimony. His exertions to diminish the abuse of it were not confined to oral argument and admonition, but he conceived it to be of sufficient importance to communicate his sentiments respecting it to the world in a pamphlet which he published in 1778." (The date should be, as already stated, 1774.)

It will now be of interest to refer to a letter (in MS., in possession of Philadelphia Library, Ridgway Branch), written by Granville Sharp, London, 10th October, 1785, to Dr. Benjamin Rush, in which having thanked the latter for his "two excellent little tracts," G. S. continues: "And I so much approved the other little tract against the use of spirituous liquors that I delivered one of the copies to Mr. Dilly, the bookseller, to be republished or at least to be inserted in some of the magazines." It was issued in England as a tract. A second letter (probably not heretofore published) of value to all interested in the historic question of the extinction of slavery, is the following from Granville Sharp to Dr. Rush, dated London, Old Jewry, 21st February, 1774:

"The person also who reprinted Mr. Benezet's Historical Account of Guinea, with the extracts from my Book and several others against Slavery, has been a considerable loser by it for want of sale. I believe I was his principal customer, for I sent copies to all the Judges, to several of the nobility, and many others. And with respect to my own Tracts, I have generally given away the greatest part of the several impressions even before they were advertised for sale, or published in the bookseller's sense of that word; so that you need not wonder at the backwardness of the booksellers in undertaking publications of books which are not on entertaining subjects, suited to the depravity of the generality of readers."

Surely, this response might well have depressed

our naturally vivacious Huguenot of the Quaker City when it was imparted to him by the recipient of the letter. But let us mark the sequel of his faithful work in the life-history of Thomas Clarkson, that valuable co-worker with Wilberforce, Granville Sharp and Fowell Buxton for the suppression of the slave traffic and slavery. Clarkson, being a senior bachelor of arts at Cambridge University, had a Latin dissertation to "When prepare upon any subject he might elect. going by accident into a friend's house," he says, took up a newspaper then lying on the table; one of the articles which attracted my notice was an advertisement of Anthony Benezet's historical account of Guinea. I soon left my friend and his paper, and to lose no time hastened to London to buy it."

"I

In this precious book I found about all I wanted. Roberts Vaux gives the supplementary information that "the information furnished by Benezet's book [to Clarkson] encouraged him to complete his essay, which was rewarded with the first prize, and from that moment Clarkson's mind became interested with the great subject of the abolition." This was in 1785. And so, as we now calmly recur to that singularly blind and indefensible deed of just two centuries ago, when Louis XIV., his mistress, de Maintenon, and Pére la Chaise, the confessor, brought about the banishment of hundreds of thousands of Huguenotsthrifty, God-fearing citizens of France-we may see how, as in the case of Benezet, that which was the incalculable loss of their own land, has eventuated in vast good to the world at large.

Much might he said of the enlightened views of Dr. Rush upon, and in opposition to war, and the probable influence of Benezet and others of his many peace-loving friends in causing him to take the pronounced stand upon this subject that he did. The interested inquirer, however, is referred to Dr. Rush's several essays (which may be found at the Philadelphia Library) entitled "Thoughts upon the Amusements and Punishments which are proper for Schools," "Observations upon the Study of the Latin and Greek Languages," (pointing out the martial and sensuous tendencies of many of the classics), "A Plan for a Peace Office for the United States," and "An Address to the Ministers of the Gospel of every Denomination in the United States upon subjects interesting to morals," (1788). The concluding paragraph of the latter paper may be read with profit in these days of strikes, wars and rumors of wars.

"It is with inexpressible pleasure that I have lately seen an account of a recommendation from the Presbyterian Synod of New York and Philadelphia to all the churches under their care to settle their disputes after the manner of the primitive Christians and Friends by arbitration. Blessed event in the history of mankind! May their practice spread among all sects of Christians, and may it prove a prelude of that happy time foretold in the Scripture, when war and murder shall be no more."

JOSIAH W. LEEDS.

It is in the determination to obey the Truth and to follow wherever she may lead that the genuine love of truth consists.- Whately.

ATTENDANCE OF MEETINGS.

THE following discussion is reported as part of the

proceedings of the women's branch of London Yearly Meeting. The subject is the same that is now agitating our own body, and the expression it gives to the concern that exercised that meeting fitly applies to ourselves :

R. Jesper said that P. H. Peckover, who was unavoidably absent, had remarked to her that a superficial glance at the answers to the Queries would lead any one to suppose that while as a body we valued our First-day morning meetings, yet so far as the evening meetings were concerned a good many might just as well be without them; and that it would give a truer idea of the real state of affairs if the reason was given why evening meetings were so small, because if it was understood that Friends were absent through home claims or the attendance of mission meetings there would be no need for discouragement at their absence,

M. Richardson said the subject we were called to consider was, What is our faith, and are we living up to it? She would like to ask young friends how far they are living up to their calling and filling up their right places. Are you earnest and loyal members of our Society, seeking to know and to do your part in it? Do not come to meetings just as listeners. It matters very much to the church that every one of us should be doing her part earnestly for the glory of God and to promote the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ. We want all hearts to be united for the welfare of our church, and as all take their right part our meetings will be profitable and to the honor of God.

M. E. Beck: The summary is only an external evidence of the state of the Society, dealing as it does simply with the attendance of our meetings: yet as worship lies at the very basis of religion, it affords in some respects a clear indication of the state of religious life. As most professing people go to some place of worship on First-day morning as a matter of habit, the fact that we attend our meetings then does not go for much in showing how far we enjoy them as being in the presence of God. Of this, therefore, a surer test may be given in the attendance of other meetings; for instance, in the way we press through the many little difficulties and hindrances that stand in the way of some of us getting to week day meetings. If our hearts panted after the Lord, if we felt that meeting together in His presence was one of our highest privileges, we should not lightly let anything stand in the way. We all have an important part in our meetings. The hand cannot say to the foot, I have no need of thee, and those who speak cannot say, to the silent, We have no need of you. All are not called to speak in public, but all are called to sympathy and prayer.

From The Student.

THE USE OF TEXT-BOOKS.

T is becoming quite common in our colleges to discard the text-book and instruct by means of lectures. This is also practiced to some extent in the lower schools. During the first years of school-life it

is necessary that the instruction be largely oral. The object of class exercises in our schools, of whatever grade, is threefold. We should instruct, drill and test. If we wish to instruct, or drill, or combine the the two, then the exercise is properly a lesson, but if testing is the principal object of the exercise then it is a recitation. By the lecture alone we can only instruct; by the text-book alone we can drill and test. The main object of the recitation should be to test the pupil's knowledge of the subject-matter of the text, not merely his verbal memory of it, and instruction is only incidental.

The trouble with the student is not in his use of the text-book, so much as in his abuse of it. There are two classes among teachers differing widely as to the use of text-books. One class, and the number is not small, would banish text-books, and they publicly advocate that all the teaching in the schools should be oral and by means of objects. The other class (would that the number was less) do little but see that their students memorize the words of the book. These are the two extremes as represented in actual teaching to-day, and as it appears to us they are both wrong in theory and practice. In this, as in other things, there is a golden mean which should be sought. A few years ago the school board of one of our Western cities resolved to use no text-books in their schools, and so instructed their teachers. What was the result? The teachers set about committing to memory the geographies, the histories, the physiologies and grammars, and dealt them out in suitable doses to their schools. The pupils often failed to get the right ideas; they were confused and they had no authority to refer to. Parents were dissatisfied with the slow progress of their children, the trustees rescinded their order, and for a time no city in the country had such a servile use of text-books.

The use of a single book on a subject is apt to give pupils a narrow view, hence reference books should be freely used and instruction should be given how to use such books. General references should be avoided, but they should be directed to a certain chapter or page and told what they are to look for, and then they should be tested to see if the points are clear and the connections are understood. Very often, too, the teacher can anticipate difficulties when a lesson is assigned and throw out suggestions which will be of much benefit to the pupils in the preparation of the lesson. In nearly every class exercise will there be occasion to instruct, to drill and to test, and which of these is to predominate will depend upon the nature of the subject under consideration and the advancement of the pupils. What use is the teacher to make of the text-book? Evidently he is to be master of it, rather than slave to it. He must know its teachings thoroughly, and be ready with illustrations and additions if deemed necessary. He should be so familiar with the text that he can conduct the exercise without the aid of the book, but it is too much to say that he shall never have the book during the recitation. It is legitimate to get the sequence of topics from the book, but it is illegitimate to read the question from it or be depend、 ent in any way upon it. THOMAS NEWLIN,

For Friends' Intelligencer and Journal.
THE LILY.

WHILE favoring suns and timely showers

Alike all other blooms may share,
What in the field or woodland flowers
Can with the Lily's white compare?

Pride may put on the gay attire
In richness as of Tyrean dye,
And Fashion at her shrine desire
Nought beyond this to satisfy.

The Book of Nature given unsealed,

Readest thou aright its truths within? Behold the lilies of the field,

They toil not neither do they spin;

Yet Solomon, the wise, the great,
In glory and luxurious ease,
Found not in Art to emulate-

Was not arrayed like one of these.
The Lily-beautiful and fair,

Emblem of purity and grace,

Such ornaments the mind should wear,
And such alone adorn our race.

Thus is this flower in native mien A minister by Nature's law

To teach us truths of the Unseen

And thence some useful lesson draw.

66

SA

THE CONDITIONS.

H. J.

|AD souls, long harboring fears and woes Within a haunted breast,

Haste but to meet your lowly Lord,
And He will give you rest.

"Into his commonwealth alike

Are ills and blessings thrown ;
Bear you your neighbors loads; and
Lo! their ease shall be your own.
"Yield only up His price, your heart
Into God's loving hold,—

He turns with heavenly alchemy
Your lead of life to gold.

"Some needful pangs endure in peace,
Nor yet for freedom pant,—

He cuts the bane you cleave to off,
Then gives the boon you want.”

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TWO

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IWO new books, interesting to those who were connected with the old anti-slavery movement, and valuable to all for their historical character, have recently been issued. One of these is "William Lloyd Garrison; The Story of His Life Told by His Children," a handsome work from the press of The Century Company, New York. The authors are Wendell Phillips Garrison, literary editor of The Nation, and his brother, Francis Jackson Garrison, and they have made what is, in form, strictly a personal narrative, but the relation which their father bore to the great questions of his time gives it, of course, far more than a personal interest. The two volumes now issued describe his career from his birth in 1805 down to 1840, the second being alone devoted to the events of the five years succeeding 1835. The work is an octavo, one of the finest in typographic execution ever issued from the American press, (we do not speak of extra and costly printing), and is illustrated with many portraits, including those of Benjamin Lundy, Arthur Tappan, Samuel E. Sewall, Isaac Knapp, Prudence Crandall, Oliver Johnson, Arnold Buffum, George Thompson, Samuel J. May, Helen E. Garrison, Maria W. Chapman, Francis Jackson, the Grimké sisters, Charles Follen, Abby Kelly Foster, and Wendell Phillips. The price of the volumes now out is $5.00 for the two, which is remarkably low.

The other work alluded to above is "The Life and Letters of John Brown, Liberator of Kansas and Martyr of Virginia," edited by Frank B. Sanborn, of Concord, Mass. This is quite different from the biography of Garrison, for John Brown was a very different type of man; yet allowing for this and recognizing that the fighter of Ossawatomie acted according to his light, the narrative of his career is deeply interesting. The editor has made a very thorough work of it, and it hardly seems as though anything had been left of the subject for future gleaners to work over. The book is in one volume, of 645 pages, and costs $3.00. It is issued by Roberts Brothers, Boston.

We direct the attention of our readers generally to the interest and value of The Student, a monthly publication "devoted to the Educational Interests of the Society of Friends in School and Home." It is conducted by members of the Orthodox body, Davis H. Forsythe being business editor, and Martha H. Garrett corresponding editor, with several assistants, including Canby Balderston and Thomas K. Brown, of Westtown, Josiah W. Leeds, of Germantown, and others. The contents of The Student we have found

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