The first class consisted of 9, and in 1881 the number of students had reached only 28. Then the effect of the new building began to be felt, and 1888-89, 47 were in attendance from sixteen different colleges. Of the students, the following are among the best known, Cushing Eells, 1837, missionary to Oregon and founder of Whitman Seminary; Augustus C. Thompson, 1838, a well-known religious writer; H. M. Field, of the New York Evangelist; Lavalette Perrin, 1843; W. A. Benton, 1846, missionary to Aleppo, Syria; Josiah Tyler, 1848, and H. A. Wilder, 1848, missionaries to the Zulus; Paul A. Chadbourne, 1851, president of the University of Wisconsin and of Williams College; Charles Hartwell, 1852, missionary to China; H. M. Adams, 1854, missionary to the Gaboon, Africa; S. C. Pixley, 1855, who translated the Bible into the Zulu tongue; J. K. Nutting, 1856, president of Tougaloo University, Mississippi; E. C. Bissell, 1859, formerly foreign missionary, for 11 years professor in the seminary, now professor in McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago; E. Robbins, 1859, and H. M. Bridgman, 1860, missionaries to the Zulus; C. C. C. Painter, of the "American Missionary;" W. H. H. Murray, 1864; S. W. Dike, 1866, well known for his writings on sociology; A. W. Clark, 1868, missionary to Austria; F. H. Allen, 1873, author of "Biography of Great Adventurers"; and W. H. Sanders, missionary to Bihé, West Africa.

SPECIAL COURSES.

Courses of one, two, or three years in several or single branches will be arranged by the Faculty to meet the wants of ministers who wish to supplement their training and of any persons who desire to pursue scientific studies in existing departments or to fit themselves for special Christian work. Elocution, music, and physical culture are not considered as courses, either separately or collectively.

Candidates for special courses must be of unexceptionable character and must be unanimously approved by the Faculty. For entrance into the departments of Encyclopædia or Exegesis, a college diploma or its equivalent is necessary. For the departments of Historical, Systematic, Experiential, or Practical Theology, a general education corresponding to the collegiate standard in English courses is required. Very exceptional cases, not meeting these requirements, may be received on probation, if unanimously approved by the Faculty.

The schedule of hours is carefully drawn up, so that the appointments in each topic are grouped into as short a period as possible. This secures continuity of attention and effort for both professors and students, and prevents the latter from having more than about four topics before them at any one time. The total number of hours per week required of each student is from fifteen to seventeen.1

On May 7, 1884, were held services commemorative of the completion of the first half century of the seminary's history. On May 10,

1 Annual Catalogue, 1892-93.

1

1888, Prof. Chester D. Hartranft was inaugurated president of the seminary, an office which had been vacant since Dr. Tyler's death. His address then delivered contains a clear statement of the aims of the seminary, and is worth quoting:

I. Our first tenet is the absolute supremacy of Christ's views of God and the universe, man and the world.

II. That theology is the absolute head of all sciences. It concerns itself (1) with the unknown; (2) with cosmology, or the revelation of God in the universe; (3) with apocalyptics, or revelation of His will in the Bible. There are three great fields into which the conception of theology must move: (1) research; (2) inculcation of the results of research and training of individuals to undertake the same; (3) publication of results of research.

III. The sovereignty of spirit over reason, soul over body.

IV. It is from that branch of theology which concerns the revelation contained in the Bible that we propose to make our beginning. This is to be divided into theology, exegetical, historical, systematic, experiential, and practical. The main function of the seminary, as it now exists, is the educational one. The institution should stand for and exemplify a scientific handling of the Scriptures, recognizing the Book as an authentic revelation given in genetic and historic form; it also stands for the ethical as well as divine aim of all science for the development of the kingdom by the elevation of men in spirit, soul, and body.

He urged the founding of fellowships, the strengthening of the graduate year, the founding of institutes after the manner of the German seminary system, and the offering the privileges of the seminary to Christian teachers and journalists, to those who desire special instruction, and to the Christian women, graduates of colleges, who enter upon any form of Christian work.2 .2 Following this last recommendation, the seminary, in the fall of 1889, opened its doors to women on the same terms as men, being the first institution in the country so to do. This is intended especially for those "desirous of preparing themselves for Christian teaching, for the missionary field, and for any religious work other than the pastorate."

A bi-monthly periodical called the Hartford Seminary Record was established in 1890, under the auspices of the faculty, and has attained a gratifying circulation. Its purpose is to be a medium not only of intercommunication between all members of the constituency of the Seminary, but for the publication of material in any way connected with the progress of theological thought and education. The editors for the present year are Prof. Waldo S. Pratt, Prof. Arthur L. Gillett, 1883, Prof. Alfred T. Perry, 1885, with Rev. T. M. Hodgdon, 1888, and Mr. O. S. Davis, 1894, as associate editors. Every issue contains the following departments: editorials, articles, book notes, alumni news, and seminary annals.

A graduate course of one year is now open to graduates of any theological seminary if they are college graduates. Proficiency in the studies of this year leads to the degree of S. T. B.

2 In the year 1892-93, there were two fellows, four candidates for the degree of Ph. D., one graduate student, twelve seniors, nine middlers, twelve juniors, and two special students-forty-two in all. Of these five were women.

The faculty of the seminary is large and able, there being twelve resident instructors, four tutors, and eight lecturers. The Carew lectureship, established by the late Joseph Carew, of South Hadley Falls, Mass., annually provides for from four to six lectures by men of the highest rank, and the lectureship on foreign missions provides for ten or twelve lectures annually. Every second year "a student of conspicuous attainment is appointed from the senior class as William Thompson fellow for two years, with the privilege of studying abroad." He receives $600 annually. On the alternate years the John S. Willis fellowship is given upon the same conditions.

Prizes are given of $50 each to the senior showing greatest proficiency in New Testament Greek, to the senior presenting the best essay on some topic in evangelistic theology (Hartranft prize), to the middler submitting the best essay on some topic in systematic theology (Bennet Tyler prize), and to the member of the junior class making greatest absolute progress in Hebrew (William Thompson prize). A scholarship of $200 is awarded for the middle year to that student who has maintained the highest standing in the junior year. Three entrance prize scholarships of $250 each are awarded, one to a man and two to women. The latter are called the Maria H. Welles and Elizabeth Butler Thompson scholarships, respectively.

A school for church musicians was organized in 1890 under the general auspices of Hartford Theological Seminary, designed to afford the very best advantages for earnest musical students, especially for those in preparation for church work. The regular course of three years, when fully arranged, will provide for Christian students, who are properly equipped for specialized study, and who intend to become professional church musicians, whether as organists, choir masters, or singers, a careful training in the theory and practice of organ-playing, pianoplaying, singing, composition, etc., with varied instruction in the whole history and theory of music, and in its special adaptations to public worship. A normal course for the training of choir masters, covering two years, is now being given. Special courses, open to any music student, are now offered in organ-playing, piano-playing, voice-building, singing, sight-reading, harmony, counterpoint, musical history, etc.

The Hosmer Hail Choral Union, affiliated with the seminary, an ora torio society of over 200 members, organized in 1880, meets in the seminary building and gives from five to seven concerts annually. The invested funds of the seminary amount to $400,000.

In the winter of 1889-90, the professors began to give courses of lectures open to the people of Hartford. In 1892, the seminary, in union with other institutions of learning in the State, formed a State council for university extension. As a result of the success of the lectures given, the Society for Education Extension was organized in 1892 to extend the benefits of education to those who can not make use of ordi

nary means. In its programme for 1892-93 it presents three divisions of educational work:

A. The university extension lectures, consisting of twenty-nine courses on subjects in history and geography, philosopby, psychology, æsthetics, literature and language, political and social science, physical and natural science, and art.

B. Private and class instruction, elementary and advanced, in fine and industrial arts, languages, and mathematics.

C. Local lectures on topics in literature, history of culture, theology, sociology, medicine, law, art, and technology. This division presents thirty-one groups of lectures.

The seminary "believes that the Holy Spirit is as mighty to work everywhere among men now as in the most golden periods of history, and that the surest channels for His working are a knowledge of the word and a genuine consecration of heart."

III.—THE BERKELEY DIVINITY SCHOOL.1

In the beautiful city of Middletown, the seat of Wesleyan University, is also situated this seminary for the education of ministers in the Protestant Episcopal Church. The buildings are situated at the corner of Main and Washington streets, and the land extends on Main street to that of the Episcopal Church. There are five buildings. The first is a large three-story brick house on the corner, formerly the residence of the Rev. Dr. Samuel F. Jarvis. This is occupied by Bishop Williams, the dean of the school, as his residence; contains the library and class rooms on the second floor, and on the third floor and in the attic, rooms for students. Behind this and extending south to the chapel is a twostory dormitory, which was built in 1860, and is intended to be only temporary. It contains 12 student rooms. The chapel, built of Portland stone, is an attractive edifice, given in 1861 by Mrs. Mary W. A. Mutter, to be used solely for religious purposes. It has seats for the faculty and students and about 60 free sittings.

Wright House, a two-story brick building, fronting on Main street, was bought in 1868, and accommodates the students' commons and has 7 rooms for students in the second story and attic. Behind the corner building stands a wooden gymnasium.

When Bishop Williams was rector at Schenectady he had several theological students who followed him on his removal to Hartford as president of Trinity College. With this nucleus he determined to form a theological department in connection with Trinity, and instruction was arranged for. This was given by Bishop Williams, the Rev. Dr. Coit, then a professor at Trinity, the Rev. A. C. Coxe, and the Rev. E. A. Washburn, later rector of Calvary Church, New York City. Sixteen young men entered the school, and the increase of numbers and

History of Middlesex County, 1884, pp. 123-126. Rev. Frederic Gardiner, D. D.