The centessimal rates of increase of the other occupations were about as follows: commerce, 55; shepherds, 27; horticulture, 14; labourers, 7; domestic servants-males, 14, females, 32; clerical 67; medical, 16; other educated persons, 48; women and children, classed as residue population, 32 per cent.

The proportions of professional men and domestic servants to all other persons in the

It thus appears that the proportion in each of the above pursuits is considerably larger in New South Wales than in Britain.

The revenue in the years 1850-51, was as

The increase on the general revenue was about 11 per cent.; on the Crown revenue, 86 per cent.; and on the total income about 27 per cent.

The principal heads of the general revenue for the year, with their respective amounts and rates of increase or decrease, were as under:

Thus, in all the principal sources of revenue, with the single exception of assessment on stock beyond the settled districts, there has been a considerable increase.

The progress of the Post-office revenue is highly gratifying, the receipts of 1851 exceeding those of 1850 by just one-third.

The Crown revenue for the year shows an increase under every head except that of rents of Government quarries and premises, which shows a decrease of £154.

The principal heads are:

Thus the revenue derived in the first year, or rather fraction of a year, from the New South Wales gold-fields was £33,810. This constitutes more than one-fourth of the entire Crown revenue of the year; and is equal to one-half of the Crown revenue of 1850. And this revenue

from gold, be it observed, is the produce of only about half a year.

The staple exports of the country are wool, tallow and gold. The export of wool in 1851, was £1,674,241. The tallow valued at £300,721, and the gold at about £500,000. The other principal articles of export are sperm, black, and cocoa-nut oil, preserved meat, salt meat, hides, leather, bones, horns, live stock to the neighbouring colonies, horses to India, timber, mimosa, bark, &c. The imports from Britain consumed in the colony, average in net value £7 per head for every colonist, old and young; and the exports from the colony to Great Britain amounts to an average of £8 10s. per head, and this is independent of the trade carried on chiefly in the articles tea, coffee, sugar, cigars, &c., with the East Indies, China, Singapore, and other islands of the Indian Archipelago.

VOL. I.

T

CHAPTER XV.

Anticipations of gold-Discoveries by the author-Discoveries by Mr. Hargraves - The gold districtsLicenses.

THE existence of gold formations in the mountain ranges of Australia has been predicted by most of the scientific adventurers who have explored those regions. Indeed, years back, geologists who had never visited Australia, expressed their convictions that the ranges bounding the crest of New South Wales, collectively named the Australian Cordillera, must be auriferous; so remarkably similar are they in their geological formation, their latitu