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ART. 124. From and after the month of January, 1890, the legislature shall have the power to revoke the charters of all corporations whose charters shall not have expired previous to that time, and no corporations hereafter to be created shall ever endure for a longer term than twenty-five years, except those which are political or municipal.

ART. 125. The general assembly shall never grant any exclusive privilege or monopoly for a longer period than twenty years.

ART. 126. No person shall hold or exercise, at the same time, more than one civil office of emolument, except that of justice of

the peace.

Art. 127. Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the state. After the year 1848, all property on which taxes may be levied in this state, shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as directed by law. No one species of property shall be taxed higher than another species of property of equal value, on which taxes shall be levied; the legislature shall have power to levy an income tax, and to tax all persons pursuing any occupation, trade or profession.

ART. 128. The citizens of the city of New Orleans shall have the right of appointing the several public officers necessary for the administration of the police of the said city, pursuant to the mode of elections which shall be prescribed by the legislature; provided, that the mayor and recorders shall be ineligible to a seat in the general assembly ; and the mayor, recorders and aldermen shall be commissioned by the governor as justices of the peace, and the legislature may vest in them such criminal jurisdiction as may be necessary for the punishment of minor crimes and offences, and as the police and good order of said city may require.

ART. 129. The legislature may provide by law in what cases officers shall continue to perform the duties of their offices until their successors shall have been inducted into office.

Art. 130. Any citizen of this state who shall, after the adoption of this constitution, fight a duel with deadly weapons, with a citizen of this state, or send or accept a challenge to fight a duel with deadly weapons, either within this state or out of it

with a citizen of this state, or who shall act as second, or knowingly aid or assist in any manner, those thus offending, shall be deprived of holding any office of profit, and of enjoying the right of suffrage under this constitution.

Art. 131. The legislature shall have power to extend this constitution, and the jurisdiction of this state over any territory acquired by compact with any state, or with the United States, the same being done by the consent of the United States.

Art. 132. The constitution and laws of this state shall be promulgated in the English and French languages.

TITLE VII.

PUBLIC EDUCATION.

Art. 133. There shall be appointed a superintendent of public education, who shall hold his office for two years. His duties shall be prescribed by law. He shall receive such compensation as the legislature may direct.

Art. 134. The legislature shall establish free public schools throughout the state, and shall provide means for their support by taxation on property, or otherwise.

Art. 135. The proceeds of all lands heretofore granted by the United States to this state for the use or support of schools, and of all lands which may hereafter be granted or bequeathed to the state, and not expressly granted or bequeathed for any other purpose, which hereafter may be disposed of by the state, and the proceeds of the estates of deceased persons to which the state may become entitled by law, shall be held by the state as a loan, and shall be and remain a perpetual fund, on which the state shall pay an annual interest of six per cent. ; which interest, together with all the rents of the unsold lands, shall be appropriated to the support of such schools, and this appropriation shall remain inviolable.

Art. 136. All moneys arising from the sales which have been or may hereafter be made of any lands heretofore granted by the United States to this state, for the use of a seminary of learning, and from any kind of donation that may hereafter be made for that purpose, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of

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which, at six per cent. per annum, shall be appropriated to the support of a seminary of learning for the proinotion of literature and the arts and sciences, and no law shall ever be made diverting said fund to any other use than to the establishment and improvement of said seminary of learning.

Art. 137. An university shall be established in the city of New Orleans. It shall be composed of four faculties, to wit: one of law, one of medicine, one of the natural sciences, and one of letters.

Art. 138. It shall be called the “ University of Louisiana,” and the Medical College of Louisiana, as at present organized, shall constitute the faculty of medicine.

Art. 139. The legislature shall provide by law for its further organization and government, but shall be under no obligation to contribute to the establishment or support of said University by appropriations.

TITLE VIII.

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MODE OF REVISING THE CONSTITUTION. ART. 140. Any amendment or amendments to this constitution may be proposed in the senate or house of representatives, and if the same shall be agreed to by three-fifths of the members elected to each house, and approved by the governor, such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals, with the yeas

taken thereon, and the secretary of state shall cause the same to be published, three months before the next general election, in at least one newspaper in French and Eng. lish, in every parish in the state, in which a newspaper shall be published ; and if in the legislature next afterwards chosen, such proposed amendment or amendments shall be agreed to by a majority of the members elected to each house, the secretary of state shall cause the same again to be published in the manner aforesaid, at least three months previous to the next general election for representatives to the state legislature, and such proposed amendment or amendments shall be submitted to the people at said election ; and if a majority of the qualified electors shall approve and ratify such amendment or amendments, the same shall become a part of the constitution: if more than one amendment be submitted at a time, they shall be submitted in such manner and form that the people may vote for or against each amendment separately.

TITLE IX.

SCHEDULE.

Art. 141. The constitution adopted in eighteen hundred and twelve, is declared to be superseded by this constitution, and in order to carry the same into effect, it is hereby declared and ordained as follows:

ART. 142. All rights, actions, prosecutions, claims and contracts, as well of individuals as of bodies corporate, and all laws in force at the time of the adoption of this constitution, and not inconsistent therewith, shall continue as if the same had not been adopted.

ART. 143. Until the first enumeration shall be made as directed in article eighth of this constitution, the parish of Orleans shall have twenty representatives, to be elected as follows, viz:

Eight by the First Municipality, seven by the Second Municipality, and four by the Third Municipality, to be distributed among the nine representative districts, as follows, by allotting to the First District,

2 Second,“

2 Third,

3 Fourth,

3 Fifth,

3 Sixth,

2 Seventh,"

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Ninth,

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And to that part of the parish on the right bank of
the Mississippi,

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The Parish of Plaquemines shall have

3 St. Bernard,

1 Jefferson,

3 St. Charles,

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The parish of St. John the Baptist shall have

St. James,
Ascension,
Assumption,
Lafourche Interior,
Terrebonne,
Iberville,
West Baton Rouge,
East Baton Rouge,
West Feliciana,
East Feliciana,
St. Helena,
Washington,
Livingston,
St. Tammany,
Pointe Coupée,
Concordia,
Tensas,
Madison,
Carroll,
Franklin,
St. Mary,
St. Martin,
Vermillion,
Lafayette,
St. Landry,
Calcasieu,
Avoyelles,
Rapides,
Natchitoches,
Sabine,
Caddo,
De Soto,
Ouachita,
Morehouse,
Union,
Jackson,
Caldwell,

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