VII. ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTITUTION.

§§ 16 to 20. As above, page 141 (Bonn).

VIII. MEETINGS.

(§§ 21 to 23. As above, page 137 (Berlin).

IX. AMENDMENTS OF STATUTES.

L

$24. As above, page 137 (Berlin).

X. CONCLUSION.

$25. These statutes shall take effect on April 1, 1889.

On the day designated in the above subdivision, the revised statutes of March 23, 1824, together with all amendments thereof, shall cease to have effect in so far as it is not kept in force by $$10 to 12.

In addition to this public provision there exists for needy relicts of professors of the University of Halle-Wittenberg the William and Augusta fund, which amounts at present to a little over 10,000 marks, having resulted, with the excep tion of the initial capital, from annual contributions by the instructors of the university.

On the occasion of the celebration of the golden wedding of Their Majesties the Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia William I and the Empress and Queen Augusta, on June 1, 1879, a collection was made among the professors of the university for the establishment of a fund which, under the name of the William and Augusta fund, should permanently serve the purpose of furnishing support to needy relicts of ordinary and extraordinary professors of the university.

The proceeds of this collection, amounting to 3,345 marks, were transferred by the donors as a gift to university institution for the care of widows and orphans under the following conditions:

$1. The university institution for the care of widows and orphans assumes the obligation of administering the fund of 3,345 marks, as well as all subsequent additions to the fund, together with its other assets and in accordance with the same principles but as an independent auxiliary fund, for the purposes indicated in the following provisions.

§2. Allowances shall be granted only for one year each and only from the interest of the current year.

§3. Until the assets of the fund shall have reached the amount of 10,000 marks, allowances shall be admissible only in cases of most urgent necessity. §4. Allowances shall be made by the unanimous vote of a committee, consisting of the rector, as chairman, and four members. The latter shall be chosen at first by all the founders. Eventual vacancies shall be filled by the committee, by relative majority of votes. In case of a tie vote the decision shall be made by lot.

§5. Amendments of the statutes, with the reservation of ministerial approval, shall be subject to all the ordinary and extraordinary professors of the university; two-thirds of these shall constitute a quorum, and a majority of twothirds of these shall decide.

7. THE ROYAL CHRISTIAN-ALBRECHT UNIVERSITY OF KIEL.

A fund for professors' widows had been established at the University of Kiel by the confirmation of the plan for its creation by Christian VII, King of Denmark, on November 11, 1785. This confirmation received an appendix on July 29, 1796.

All actual salaried, ordinary, and extraordinary professors were under obligation to become members of this fund. These had to contribute a yearly fee of two-thirds of one per cent of their salaries. For this the widows received an annual pension of 180 marks and annually a variable additional allowance, which in the year 1888 amounted to 352 marks, from the surplus. In addition to this each widow drew an annual pension of 288 marks from the grand ducal widows' fund.

With the 1st of April, 1889, the following statutes, approved in a decree of the minister of religious, etc., affairs under date of November 20, 1889, went into effect.

Statutes of the professors' widows and orphans' pension institute of the Royal Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel.

I. MEMBERSHIP.

§1. The following provisions shall determine the membership of the fund for professors' widows established at Kiel since November 11, 1785, and which hereafter shall be known as the professors' widows and orphans' pension institute.

The remainder of this paragraph as above, page 135 (Berlin).

IL ALLOWANCES OF RELICTS.

§§2 to 3. As above, page 135 (Berlin).

IIL DISCONTINUANCE OF FEES.

$9. Persons who may have become members after the adoption of these statutes shall pay no entrance or other fees.

IV. TRANSITION PROVISIONS.

$10. The provisions of §§2, 3, and 5 to clause 1 of §8 shall apply also to the relicts of those who may be members at the time of the adoption of these statutes, if these members, in a written declaration, to be handed in to the executive committee of the institute on or before December 1, 1889, shall renounce for their prospective relicts all claims that might accrue to them in accordance with the statutes heretofore in effect.

§ 11. As above, page 136 (Berlin).

$12. The claims of the relicts of members deceased before the adoption of these statutes shall be adjudged according to the statutes heretofore operative and in accordance with the provisions of $10, subparagraph 2.

V. PRIVILEGES OF THE INSTITUTION.

§ 13. As above, page 136 (Berlin).

VI. PROPERTY OF THE INSTITUTION.

§§ 14 and 15. As above. page 136 (Berlin), except that § 15 prescribes the approval of the curator of the university instead of the minister of religious, etc., affairs.

VII. ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTITUTION.

§§16 to 20. As above, page 136 (Berlin), except that §18 designates the curator of the university instead of the minister of religious, etc., affairs as the person to whom report is to be made.

$25. These statutes shall take effect on April 1, 1889.

On this day the statutes heretofore in force (confirmation of the plan for the establishment of a distinct fund for professors' widows at the University of Kiel, dated November 11, 1785, with appendix of July 29, 1796), cease to have effect in so far as they are not sustained by §§10 to 12.

8. ROYAL ALBERTUS UNIVERSITY AT KONIGSBERG IN PRUSSIA.

For the University of Konigsberg an institution for the care of professors' widows and orphans had been established by the governmental decree of July 28, 1831, its statutes published with governmental approval under date of August 4, 1835, by the minister of religious, etc., affairs, and subsequently supplemented with additions on August 17, 1878, and May 16, 1885.

All ordinary and extraordinary professors, drawing at least 900 marks of salary, were with certain exceptions entitled to membership. The annual membership fee was 96 marks for which the widows were granted annual pensions of 80 marks and the orphans (full and half orphans) annual stipends of 200 to 400 marks.

Since April 1, 1890, the following statutes, approved by the minister of religious, etc., affairs, have been in force:

Statutes of the Professors' Widows and Orphans' Pension Institute of the Royal Albertus University of Konigsberg in Prussia.

I. MEMBERSHIP.

§1. The following provisions shall determine the membership of the Professors' Widows and Orphans' Pension Institute of the University of Konigsberg in Prussia.

Remainder of the paragraph as above, page 135 (Berlin).

II. ALLOWANCES OF RELICTS.

§§ 2 to 8. As above, page 135 (Berlin).

III. DISCONTINUANCE OF FEES.

$9. Members that may attain membership after the adoption of these statutes shall pay no fees nor issue reserve drafts on account of entrance.

IV. TRANSITION PROVISIONS.

§§ 11 and 12. As above, page 140 (Bonn), except the closing proviso of the first subparagraph of §10, which reads as follows: Provided, however, that the secretary of the university, the purser of the university, and the questor shall hold rank with the extraordinary professors.

V. PRIVILEGES OF THE INSTITUTION.

§ 13. As above, page 136 (Berlin).

VI. PROPERTY OF THE INSTITUTION.

$14. The property of the institution heretofore in its possession shall remain under its control, together with the statutory annual allowance of 3,000 marks by the state. Remainder of § 14 as above, page 136 (Berlin).

§ 15. As above, page 141 (Bonn).

VII. ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTITUTION.

§§ 16 to 20. As above, page 141 (Bonn).

VIII. MEETINGS OF MEMBERS; AND IX. AMENDMENT OF STATUTES.

§§ 21 to 24. As above, page 137 (Berlin).

X. CONCLUSION.

$25. These statutes shall take effect on April 1, 1889.

On this day the statutes of December 23, 1853, and of March 4, 1854, together with all subsequent additional provisions, shall cease to have effect, in so far as they are not sustained by §§10 to 12.

In addition to this general state provision for the relicts of professors, there is at the University of Konigsberg an auxiliary fund for relicts of teachers and officials of the Albertus University, the statutes of which, approved by the minister of religious, etc., affairs under date of December 3, 1891, are as follows:

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

§1. The object of the auxiliary fund of the university established at Konigsberg is to furnish assistance in case of need to the relicts of the instructors— professors, private instructors (privatdozenten), and teachers (lektoren) —of the university judge, as well as of the officials of the secretary's and treasurer's department of the Albertus University.

Among the relicts are included: (a) Widows, (b) sons and daughters, (c) other near relatives who may have lost in the deceased their provider.

§2. As a rule assistance shall be accorded only to relicts of members of the fund; in very exceptional cases, however, it may be granted also to relicts of nonmembers of the categories named in §1, subparagraph 1, to a total amount not exceeding 10 per cent of annual income as indicated in §9 under a, b, c.

II. MEMBERSHIP.

§3. All teachers and officials designated in §1, subparagraph 1, are entitled to membership in the fund.

§4. Membership may be acquired either by the written pledge of payment of quarterly fee of at least 5 marks, payable in advance, or by the payment of a single contribution of 250 marks.

Relicts of a member that has failed to join the fund within the first year after these statutes have taken effect, or in case of their becoming associated with the university at a later period within the first year after such entrance, may, as a rule, be granted assistance only if the respective member has belonged to the fund for a period of at least five years.

$5. The obligation to pay fees on the part of members shall begin with the first day of the quarter in which membership may have been acquired. §6. Membership ceases-

(a) Upon written declaration at any time of voluntary withdrawal, addressed to the executive committee.

(b) Upon separation from the university in any other way than by retirement as emeritus.

(c) Upon nonpayment of the fees after a third request by the executive committee.

III. PRIVILEGES OF THE FUND.

§7. The fund shall have the privileges of a corporation. Particularly, it shall be competent to acquire gifts and legacies in accordance with the provisions of the law.

IV. ALLOWANCES FOR RELIEF.

§8. Relief shall be granted on motion of one or several members by the executive committee ($11) on the ground of its own judgment, but in accordance with §§1, 2, 4.

§9. Relief sums shall be derived from—

(a) The interest of the capital of the fund.

(b) The annual fees of the members (§4);

(c) The gifts placed at the free disposal of the fund, after deduction of 10 per cent of the amounts designated under a and b, which (deductions), together with the eventual surplus of the preceding year, shall be capitalized.

$10. Relief sums may be granted in single or periodic payments, the latter for at most three years (not excluding renewal of the grant).

Periodic relief allowances shall cease before the end of the time fixed for them or be reduced by the executive committee whenever the committee shall no longer consider the claimants as needy.

V. ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND.

$11. The fund shall be administered, without compensation, by the executive committee, which shall consist of the rector (prorector)-even if he is not a

member-as chairman, and four members, of whom at least one shall be a jurist, to be elected annually by the regular general assembly (§16).

Should a vacancy occur before the time fixed in the preceding subparagraph, a substitute shall be elected by the executive committee for the unexpired term. The old executive committee shall conduct affairs until its successor for the coming year shall have organized (§§ 14, 16).

§12. The resolution of the executive committee shall be valid, if it has been approved by at least three votes.

The votes may be taken by written ballot.

$13. The executive committee shall watch over the affairs and interests of the fund in all respects; it shall administer the assets of the fund and shall represent the latter in court and out of court.

In the investment of the capital it shall be determined by the statutory provisions governing the investment of the money of wards.

§14. At the close of the administrative year (April 1 to March 31) the executive committee shall submit a report of its administration to a regular general assembly to be called by it at the time (§16), and also submit to it the annual financial report for inspection and resolution of discharge.

$15. The care of the cash and cash accounts shall be the duty of the exchequer of the university, under the direction of the executive committee.

VI. GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

§16. In addition to the regular general assembly, to be called at the close of each administrative year, and whose object is indicated in § § 11 and 14, general assemblies shall be called whenever the executive committee may consider this requisite in the interest of the fund, or whenever at least one-tenth of the members may request this in a written petition to the executive committee, stating the object thereof and the reasons therefor. In the latter case the assembly shall be held within two weeks after receipt of the request.

During the fall vacation no general assemblies shall be held. $17. The calls of assemblies shall state their objects.

§18. General assemblies shall be competent to adopt resolutions, except with regard to the dissolution of the fund ($20), if at least two-thirds of the members are present. However, a second general assembly, called for the same purposes shall be competent to pass resolutions, if at least one week, and at most one month, shall have elapsed between the time fixed for the first and that fixed for the second assembly.

$19. Resolutions shall be passed, except in cases provided for in §20, by simple majority of votes. In case of a tie vote the vote of the chairman of the executive committee, who shall preside also at the general assemblies, shall decide.

VII. CONCLUSION.

$20. Resolutions concerning amendments of the statutes shall require a majority of two-thirds of the members present at the respective general assembly; resolutions concerning dissolution of the fund, a majority of twothirds of all the members of the fund. Such resolutions shall also require the approval of the minister of religious, etc., affairs.

§21. In the event of dissolution of the fund, its property shall revert to the Albertus University.

As to its disposition, the general council shall determine with due regard to needy relicts of members of the fund.

9. THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF MARBURG.

At Marburg the rector, the deans, and professors of the Grand Ducal Hessian University had established, as early as 1688, a "widows' fund," of which every new professor was under obligation to become a member. The original statutes of December 24, 1688, suffered various amendments, primarily by the amendatory act of December 21, 1736, and subsequently by an appendix, approved by a governmental decision of March 13, 1856. Ex officio only the ordinary professors were members of the widows' fund; no others could become members. The