having one Commander-in-Chief and one General Staff; having rates of pay, equipments and all else as far as possible, assimilated; and having four Commanders of the Forces with Subordinate Major Generals, all having sufficient authority to order and finally dispose of many matters of detail that now go to Army Head-quarters and some that cannot now be there settled; with the power of bringing up the bulk of the Madras Cavalry and a portion of their other branches to our North West Provinces; while the Bengal Presidency might send down a few Native Infantry Regiments to the central stations— all being on the same footing as to pay and batta, &c. Much good would thus accrue to the service. Emulation between the Natives of different provinces would be excited and the danger of combination be greatly lessened.

We have necessarily but glanced at the various branches of our noble army. We have not forgotten our own deep personal interest in its honor and welfare; but as we hold that our presence in India depends, in no small measure, on the contentedness and happiness of our native soldiery, we have prominently put forth what has long been our opinion that something more is wanted for the sepahi than that at the age of sixty he should, by possibility, reach the rank of Subadar Major, and with it the first class of Sirdar Bahadoor. Doubtless such hope and expectation is sufficient to influence nine out of ten of our sepahis; but it is for the tenth we want a stimulus; for the man of better education, the superior character, the bold and daring spirit that disdains to live for ever in subordinate place; and it is for such we firmly believe that is absolutely required some new grade where, without our risking the supremacy of European authority, he may obtain command and exert in our behalf those energies and talents which under the present system are too liable to be brought into the scale against us. Commands of Irregular Corps, Jaghers, titles, civil honors, pensions to the second and third generation, are among the measures we would advocate for such characters; while we would give the invalid pensions, at earlier periods and under increased advantages, to men who had distinguished themselves in the field or by any peculiar merit in quarters. For all such and such only there should be medals and orders and not for whole Regiments, who may have happened to be in the field on a particular day.

Much reform is required in the Native Army, but still more in the European branch of the service. The system of terror has long enough been tried and been found wanting; the system that filled the American navy with British Sailors and drove the flower of the French army into the ranks of their enemies, and

that daily drives many Europeans in India, who under different circumstances might turn out good soldiers, to suicide, and to the high-road, should at once be exploded. Under a better regime our Europeans instead of enacting the part of Highwaymen, might be rendered as available to purposes of peace as of war, and be as well conducted during one period as another. With commissions open to the ablest, and subordinate staff employment after certain periods to all the well-behaved; with aids to study and to rational amusement in barracks, instead of eternal drills, whose beginning and end is to torment and disgust men with a noble service, how much might be done with the materials at our command, and how much would our Government be strengthened and the value of every individual European's services be enhanced.

To raise men from the ranks, we feel, will be considered a terrible innovation, but we have not ourselves as a body of officers been so long emancipated from degrading restrictions that we should not have some fellow feeling for our brother soldiers. Argument is not required in the matter; common sense dictates the measure. All history teaches its practicability: the Roman Legionary, nay the barbarian auxiliary, lived to lead the armies of the empire; almost every one of Napoleon's marshals rose from the ranks, and at this day and with all the preventions of aristocracy and moneyed interests, scarcely less than a fifth of Her Majesty's army, is officered by men who rose from the ranks. Indeed, since this paper was commenced we have observed not less than six staff-serjeants promoted to Ensigncies, Adjutancies, or Quarter Masterships in a single gazette; but it is reserved to the army of a company of merchants that her sentinels should be blackballed-should be driven with the lash instead of led by consideration and common sense.

Wonderful indeed is it, that this subject should have been left for our advocacy, and that situated as we are in the midst of a mighty military population we should fail to see the necessity -the common prudence-of turning our handful of Europeans to the best advantage; and that while we foster the Native, we degrade our own countrymen. Drive away hope from the former, make transportation, or death a boon-a haven to the heartbroken or desperate sepahi; and then see whether the lash will be required in the Native army as well as the European. We would not abate a jot of discipline with the one or the other; each should be taught his duty thoroughly, which at present he seldom is he should be a good marksman or swordsman according to the branch of his service, and until he is master of his weapon, he should be kept at drill; but there should be no

after drill and parades to keep men out of mischief-to disgust them with their duty. They should have as much of exercise and instruction as should keep them practiced and able soldiers and their lives should be rendered happy, that they might remain willing and contented ones. The lash should be reserved for mutiny, desertion and plunder-for natives, as well as Europeansand while the worthless and incorrigible are thus dealt with according to their deserts, the indifferent soldier should be encouraged to become a good one; and the best be rewarded according to their abilities by promotion to the non-commissioned Staff, and the commissioned ranks; and by comfortable provision in old age

in climates suited to their constitution.

We can not expect to hold India for ever. Let us so conduct ourselves in our civil and military relations as when the connexion ceases, it may do so, not with convulsions, but with mutual esteem and affection: and that England may then have in India a noble ally, enlightened and brought into the scale of nations under her guidance and fostering care.

Norr. In an article on the Military defence of the country, it is obvious that some detailed notice should have been taken of so important a point, as the means of rapid locomotion. We had not overlooked it; but the subject is too interesting and too important to be Fightly touched upon in a rough desultory article, like the foregoing, which aspires not to teach but to suggest. A small force, which can be moved, at an bour's notice, from one part of the country to another, with a celerity that will disconcert the measures of an enemy be the hostile demonstration from without or withints of more ral service in the defence of the country, than an over-grown, cumbrous wey, which cannot be put in motion without much difficulty and much delay. I ain this great end, it is not only necessary that our troops should be prepat more, but that they should have good roads along which to move. Now ro to dges we are uttering, but s trite common-place-are excellent things, u sav, der our position, but as they conduce to the prosperity of the s by an Wessings to all and no mean part of the real wealth of a notion. 1 toy pen, of view, they are of incalculable value; and when the cou

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ART. III.-1. Lettres Edifiantes et 1780-1783.

2. Annales de la Propagation de suite aux LETTRES ÉDIFIANTES. 3. Memoires Historiques presentés Benoit XIV. Par le R. P. NLuques, 1745. Avec la permisse. THOUGH not very old resident: 2 a time, when the Roman Catholics their numerical strength, possess: moral influence: and when certa: z time to time, gave token that the. caviare to the Calcutta public. iv. or three churches, a few quiet in respectable families of the mi Indo-Portuguese adherents, wi the lowest stage of degradation have had but one school, w~ many of the most respectable se Protestant institutions. Wate might have derived from their o were men distinguished for possessed none. Nothing was. Catholicism in Calcutta. i: rival sects was hushed to see, that concerned the welfare stirring, the voice of Rom intellectually (though presen sent, but forgotten and unu Within the last twelve change has taken place life and activity. College.. ing, are springing up, a clergy already out-numer have an Archbisho creasing brother testant children is a col

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almost every emselves, the r the incidental Father Norla most devoted Capuchin and a ate authority alone, stances, or otherwise r, extremely useful, as ted by all parties. It t XIV., the then reigning foes, which is a sufficient

hern India was originally having Cape Comorin for for its base, and for its sides, eriabar), and the sea. It was "y, as the kingdom of Madura, y with the smaller dependency glom of Tanjore, which formed the gulf of Manar, stretching bridge, were usually called the famous as the scene of the early Within this favor →bout

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There can be no doubt that the sudden, rapid, and simultaneous revival to life and energy of the Roman Catholic Church, in every part of the world, is mainly owing to the re-establishment of the far-famed "Society of Jesus;" and here, as elsewhere, we find these "vigorous and experienced rowers," as Pope Pius VII. happily terms them, once more at the oar. That they will row, and row with vigour, their past History gives ample assurance: but skilful navigators must steer as well as row; and, before abandoning the vessel to their guidance, it may be well to consult the records of a former voyage, which was not only performed on our own waters, but is usually spoken of, as the most successful they ever made.

The glory of the Jesuits was their missionary spirit; the glory of their Missions was that of Southern India, more generally known as the mission of Madura.*

"Although there may have been among them defects," says Dr. Wiseman, "and members unworthy of their character (for it would not be a human institution, if it was not imperfect) it must be admitted that there has been maintained among them a degree of fervor and purest zeal for the conversion of heathens, which no other body has ever shown."-Lectures on the principal doctrines, &c. of the Catholic Church. Vol. I. p. 218, London 1842.

Berault Bercastel is still more eloquent, and, forgetting for the moment the Historian in the Partisan, breaks out into the following animated apostrophe:

"From the Hyperborean mountains of Higher Asia to the burning bosom of Africa, from Thibet and the impracticable defiles of Caucasus to the heart of Ethiopia, and, in the other hemisphere, from Labrador and California to the Straits of Magellan, there is not a nation, worthy of the name, there is scarcely even a numerous tribe, where that Society of Apostles, which is no more, hastening, before it ceased to be, to fulfil the whole extent of its destiny, had not borne the name of Jesus Christ. The facts are so notorious, that Protestant Historians are forced to confess, that the Missionaries of this Society principally did at this time (the end of the 17th century) convert an infinite number of infidels. All that they have to object is, that these new Christians have received but a feeble tincture of Christianity, and that the true spirit of the Gospel has never been given to them. It is easy to understand what these terms mean in the mouths of the pretended reformers. To obtain the full approbation of the impure and sacrilegious reformation, it would have been necessary no doubt, to instruct the fervent neophytes of Madura, for example, to have neither altar, nor sacrifice, and to revere neither priest, nor clergyman, unless he had his wife, or rather his concubine, and his counting-house. holt

"There have been found among the jealousy reformers, emulators so destitute of common sense, as to draw a parallel between their Missionaries, husbands, and merchants, and the chaste Apostles of the holy apostolic see.

Jesuits, and is now under the superintendence of a minister of the Church of England-the Hov, Krishna Mohun Banerjen."

They had a Mission in Bengal also; but it was unsuccessful, and need not therefore boiced here,