Look at the men; by their physiognomy you will declare them hard-working men. And where do you see eminence without toil? Certain poets may be named as exceptions. But Milton was industrious, and Handel; Bacon, too, and Locke. We might speak of the industry of politics, for there have been men who in our house of commons have wrought as hard as any mechanic at his bench or artisan in a mill. And there live some such men now. And does not industry move in spheres of benevolence? Consider John Howard and Elizabeth Fry, the one in the reformation of prisons and the other in the reformation of the prisoner! Remember Carey, and Morrison, and John Williams; Carey, the Indian scholar and evangelist; Morrison, the Chinese scholar and evangelist; and Williams, the founder of the useful arts, as well as the apostle of religion in the South Sea Islands!

From the missionary enterprise; from the Christian. Church; from science and from literature; from politics and from philanthropy; and from the fine arts, we could draw illustrious examples of industry and copious illustrations of its instincts. We might even speak of the industry of evil. But we are now confined to those arts which relate to food and to fuel, to clothing and to dwellings, to traveling, and to the use of minerals, chemicals, and metals in providing for the common wants of men. We must keep clear of that wide and interesting subject, the HISTORY of the useful arts; nor can we, in the space of a lecture, adequately illustrate any of the points we shall exhibit. We can do little more than hint and suggest.

Your sympathy with our remarks will depend greatly upon your apprehension of our meaning in the use of the word INDUSTRY. We do not intend mere work, but hard work-doing what we do with our might.

In the early life of William Hutton, of Birmingham-himself a notable example of diligence-an incident occurred which will serve as an illustration. Hutton, when a poor apprentice at Nottingham, happened to hear a lad playing on a bell-harp. The sound of that instrument opened an ear for music that hitherto had been stopped. Music became Hutton's study, and without tutor, or books, or friends to assist him, he learned to play on that instrument; his great encouragement being a couplet he had seen in an old spelling-book:

"Despair of nothing that you would attain;

Unwearied diligence your point will gain."

The bell-harp, however, did not long content him. He borrowed a dulcimer, made one by it, and learned to play upon it. Now, in the construction of this dulcimer he had neither fit materials nor proper tools, and he had no money to procure any. He had, however, an old and large trunk; this he pulled to pieces, and therefrom obtained materials. And with a pocket-knife, the hammer key and pliers of his stocking frame, and a two-pronged fork, minus one limb, he made a dulcimer, and soon learned to play with ease. But observe a young man, an apprentice to a baker, hearing Hutton play, purchased this home-made dulcimer. Upon the maker's offering his as sistance in tuning the instrument, or in teaching the young man to play, the purchaser replied, "O no, there's not a doubt but I shall do." And to some extent he succeeded. For when Hutton met him again, and inquired about his success, the reply was, "O, rarely well; I can play part of Over the hills and far away.'" But mark the sequel. The next meeting produced the same question, and the reply was this, "O, hang that music! I could not make it do; and it provoked me so much, that

I took a broomstick and whacked the strings till I broke them then knocked the body to pieces and burned it in the oven." In the contrast of William Hutton with the young man who bought his dulcimer, you will see what we mean by industry. Indolence breaks the dulcimer and burns it. Industry constructs a dulcimer out of an old trunk.

I. LET US, THEN, NOW INQUIRE INTO THE INSTINCTS OR

NATURAL TENDENCIES OF INDUSTRY.

Thus

1. Industry develops and improves the human faculties in their relation to labor. We will employ different parts of the body as illustrations of the improvement both of spiritual and of animal faculties. Then we say that industry opens wide the EYE, and makes it keen. Bertholet is said to have discovered the bleaching property of oxy-muriatic acid, and hereby to have considerably shortened the process of bleaching, by observing that the cork of the vial in which he had put some of that acid had been whitened thereby. A soap manufacturer observes a. corrosion of his copper boiler. He can not account for it. He obtains the analysis of a skillful chemist. By that analysis iodine is discovered. This element is then traced to sea-plants, to sea-water, to salt-mines and salt-springs; also to sponge. Dr. Coindet, of Geneva, now remembers that burned sponge is an old remedy for a fearful disease. He tries iodine on that horrible disorder, and finds it an almost perfect specific. Thus industry promotes observation and penetration. The greater the industry, the stronger and keener the eye. The eyes among the spindles are more open than the eyes among the plows. But all the world over industry doffs the nap, and puts on the wide-awake. To make the dull EAR quick of hearing is another tendency of industry. The industrious man will take a hint from any body and from any thing. Hence, Talus having

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found the jaw-bone of a snake, and employed it to cut through a piece of wood, was taught to form that iron instrument which we know as the saw. And drawing was invented by Saurias of Samos accidentally etching out a horse from his shadow in the sun. Painting and images had a similar origin. And does not industry move men's TONGUES? The industrious inquire; they lose nothing through lack of asking. At the commencement of the eighteenth century the Italians had exclusively the art of silk-throwing. John Lombe, a spirited and intelligent mechanic, travels to Italy to discover the And at the imminent hazard of his life he asks, and questions, and inquires till he becomes acquainted with the art, brings it to England, and establishes it here. Industry stretches forth the HAND and imparts swiftness to the FOOT. The diligent reach after and expect. They so run as to obtain. Till the beginning of the sixth century, silk-rearing was unknown to Europe. Two Persian monks went as missionaries to China. There they saw the production of silk from the silkworm. They learn the manual arts employed in making up the material: and when their information is complete they return to the west, proceed to Constantinople, lay their information before the Emperor Justinian, return at his bidding to China, obtain silk-worms' eggs, conceal them in a hollow cane, convey them safely to Constantinople, hatch them, rear the worms, obtain silk, convert it into thread, and thu lay the foundation of silk manufacture in Europe-these worms being the progenitors of the worms which now enrich Italy, southern France, and Turkey. Industry is ever reaching after and ever pursuing. Nor are these the only tendencies of industry. It strengthens both the HEAD and the HEART. "The character of a true philosopher," says one who can write subjectively on this subject, "is to hope all things not

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impossible, and to believe all things not unreasonable." Industry tends to form a similar character-a character that will endure privation, persevere under disheartenment, struggle with exigencies, conquer obstacles, and endure shame. Galileo can bear to hear his pendulum called in mockery a swing-swang. The first saw-mill in England, erected 1768, was pulled down by a mob, but James Stansfield, who had learned in Holland and Norway their value, had the spirit to put up another. The earthquake at Rhodes laid that magnificent city in ruins. Neighboring cities proffered help; for the fulfillment of these promises, however, the Rhodians did not wait. It has been said of them, "Like brave and wise men they wasted no time in lamentations or despondency, but forthwith set about repairing the damage that had been done to their once busy docks and wharfs. The earth and sea were moved; but their free, industrial spirit was not broken, and they probably knew that those are most likely to get help who are the most ready to help themselves."

nerves.

Such is the effect of industry on the human faculties. It makes sleep light and toil heavy, dreams frequent and thought wakeful. It causes the pulse to throb and the heart to beat. It strengthens the sinews and braces the It increases the muscle and makes supple the limb. It conserves the vigor of prime, and puts decrepitude far away. It makes doing nothing intolerable, and renders enterprise and adventure essential to life; and while the powers of some men perish because self-consumed, industry, by an invariable reaction, imparts to the whole man an indomitable, healthful, and living energy.

The moral effect of industry is also good. It promotes self-respect and self reliance. It drives away a mean dependence upon circumstances, and upon our fellow-men, and protects us from that morbid self-distrust and con