The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking's Contributions to PhysicsG. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard, S. J. Rankin Cambridge University Press, 23 окт. 2003 г. - Всего страниц: 879 Based on lectures given in honour of Stephen Hawking's sixtieth birthday, this book comprises contributions from some of the world's leading theoretical physicists. It begins with a section containing chapters by successful scientific popularisers, bringing to life both Hawking's work and other exciting developments in physics. The book then goes on to provide a critical evaluation of advanced subjects in modern cosmology and theoretical physics. Topics covered include the origin of the universe, warped spacetime, cosmological singularities, quantum gravity, black holes, string theory, quantum cosmology and inflation. As well as providing a fascinating overview of the wide variety of subject areas to which Stephen Hawking has contributed, this book represents an important assessment of prospects for the future of fundamental physics and cosmology. |
Содержание
| 2 | |
| 8 | |
| 15 | |
| 23 | |
| 24 | |
| 30 | |
| 36 | |
| 39 | |
Quantum gravity | 349 |
Zeta functions anomalies and stable branes | 373 |
Some reflections on the status of conventional quantum | 384 |
Quantum geometry and its ramifications | 409 |
Topology change in quantum gravity | 436 |
M theory and beyond | 453 |
String theory | 468 |
A brief description of string theory | 473 |
| 48 | |
| 54 | |
| 63 | |
| 70 | |
Chris Isham Department of Physics | 73 |
4 | 76 |
6 | 92 |
Sixty years in a nutshell | 105 |
Spacetime singularities | 119 |
Abhay Ashtekar Department of Physics | 147 |
The quantum physics of chronology protection | 161 |
Energy dominance and the HawkingEllis vacuum | 177 |
On the instability of extra space dimensions | 185 |
Black holes | 203 |
Paul Binétruy Université ParisXI | 211 |
Black holes in the real universe and their prospects | 217 |
Primordial black holes | 236 |
Black hole pair creation | 264 |
Black holes at accelerators | 278 |
Black holes and string theory | 291 |
Playing with black strings | 310 |
Twenty years of debate with Stephen | 330 |
The story of M | 484 |
Gauged supergravity and holographic field theory | 494 |
De Sitter space | 537 |
De Sitter space in noncritical string theory | 570 |
Supergravity M theory and cosmology | 592 |
Quantum cosmology | 613 |
Raphael Bousso Institute for Theoretical Physics | 615 |
Quantum cosmology | 621 |
Quantum cosmology and eternal inflation | 649 |
Probability in the deterministic theory known | 667 |
Barnard Carr School of Mathematical Sciences | 669 |
The interpretation of quantum cosmology and | 675 |
Peter DEath | 693 |
Brandon Carter Department dAstrophysique Rela | 719 |
Cosmology | 723 |
3 | 731 |
The ekpyrotic universe and its cyclic extension | 781 |
Inflationary theory versus the ekpyroticcyclic scenario | 801 |
Brane new worlds | 839 |
Publications of Stephen Hawking | 860 |
Index | 873 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
action approach Astrophys asymptotic background Big Bang black hole black string boundary Bousso brane calculation Cambridge causal set chronology protection classical collapse coordinate cosmic cosmological constant covariant curvature D-branes defined density described dimensional dimensions dynamical Einstein Ellis entropy equations Euclidean event horizon evolution example finite flat functional freedom fundamental galaxies gauge theory geodesic geometry Grav gravitational waves hole's infinite infinity inflation inflationary inhomogeneous initial instanton laws Lett mass Math matter metric models naked singularities Nucl observer orbit pair creation parameter particle Penrose perturbations photon Phys physics Planck potential predictions problem quantum cosmology quantum field theory quantum gravity quantum mechanics quantum theory radiation radius region relativistic relativity scalar field scale Schwarzschild semiclassical Sitter space solution spacelike spacetime spatial spin stars Stephen Hawking string theory structure supergravity supersymmetry surface symmetry tensor theorem timelike tion topology vacuum vector wave function wormhole zero
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Стр. 42 - An intelligence knowing, at a given instant of time, all forces acting in nature, as well as the momentary positions of all things of which the universe consists, would be able to comprehend the motions of the largest bodies of the world and those of the smallest atoms in one single formula, provided it were sufficiently powerful to subject all data to analysis; to it, nothing would be uncertain, both future and past would be present before its eyes.
Стр. xxii - Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125...
Стр. 232 - Is there any way of learning, before that date, something about gravitational radiation? The dynamics (and gravitational radiation) when two holes merge has so far been computed only for cases of special symmetry. The more general problem - coalescence of two Kerr holes with general orientations of their spin axes relative to the orbital angular momentum - is one of the US 'grand challenge
Стр. 232 - There would be a recoil due to the non-zero net linear momentum carried away by gravitational waves in the coalescence. If the holes have unequal masses, a preferred longitude in the orbital plane is determined by the orbital phase at which the final plunge occurs. For spinning holes there may be a rocket effect perpendicular to the orbital plane, since the spins break the mirror symmetry with respect to the orbital plane. The recoil is a strong-field gravitational effect which depends essentially...
Стр. 806 - ... domains creates huge homogeneous islands out of initial chaos. Each homogeneous domain in this scenario is much greater than the size of the observable part of the universe. The first models of chaotic inflation were based on the theories with polynomial potentials, such as V((j>) = i2^2 + \^- But the main idea of this scenario is quite generic.
Стр. 730 - Center for Theoretical Physics, Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 I.
Стр. 370 - Ah, but a man's reach should exceed his grasp, Or what's a heaven for?
Стр. 806 - Gradually, however, it became clear that the idea of chaotic initial conditions is most general, and it is much easier to construct a consistent cosmological theory without making unnecessary assumptions about thermal equilibrium and high temperature phase transitions in the early universe. Many other versions of inflationary cosmology have been proposed since 1983. Most of them are based not on the theory of high-temperature phase transitions, as in old and new inflation, but on the idea of chaotic...