Competing in the Electronics Industry: The Experience of Newly Industrialising Economies

application software applies Asian NIEs ASIC assembly barriers to entry Brazil capacity capital cent chaebol Chapter chip circuit competition computer companies computer industry computer systems consumer electronics core components costs demand developing countries differentiation domestic market DRAMs EANIES economies of scale electronics exports electronics firms electronics industry engineering entry barriers equipment Ernst Flamm foreign global growth hardware Hong Kong important increasing increasingly industrial latecomers innovation integrated integrated circuits involved Japan Japanese firms Korea leading learning economies licensing major Malaysia manufacturing market leaders market segments market structures microprocessors million network transactions OECD countries oligopolistic oligopoly operating systems organisational particular peripherals personal computers policies product differentiation proprietary regulatory barriers requirements sample countries scale economies sector semiconductor industry shift Singapore sophisticated sourcing specialised standard substantial suppliers Taiwan technological capabilities telecommunications Thailand threshold barriers United users wafer fabrication