except the east, where there are two fossæ, and the agger is quadrupled, the innermost measuring, on the inside, about eight or ten feet in height, while in other parts its height is not more than three or four feet. On making an incision into it on the northern side of the camp, I found it was formed with earth and stones, heaped up promiscuously. It has now two GATES, the one facing the north-west, the other the south-east. The former, which appears to have been originally the only entrance, is protected by an agger on either side, running at right angles with those enclosing the encampment, and extending several feet into the area, between which the roadway, not more than a yard in width, appeared to have an artificial surface, formed with stones of some size, laid flatways as a rude pavement; from it a road, leading in pretty regular zig-zag down the side of the mountain, is to be traced into the first-named pass, Bwlch Pen Barras. The latter having no protective agger as the former, and evidently of subsequent date, inasmuch as, on making a section, it was found to pass over the original agger, which had apparently been levelled for it, connects the camp with a road which skirts the mountain above the so-named pass, Bwlch Agricola, and leading eastward is, after some distance, lost in the heath. A continuation of this road inwards from the gate, is traceable in a circuitous course towards a never-failing crystal SPRING, which is near the centre of the encampment, and in front of which there appears, from embankments still visible, to have been a circular reservoir. But whether this road is contemporaneous with any period of the early history of the encampment is perhaps doubtful. The area undulates considerably, rising to its greatest height on the east. In various parts of it I observed numerous circular the outermost agger being lower than the one next the area. The fosse is in form what the Romans termed fastigata, i.e., its sides meet in an acute angle at the bottom of it like a V. "Fastigata (i.e., fossa) dicitur, quæ a summâ latitudine lateribus devexis in angustiam ad solum conjunctam pervenit."-(Hygini de Castramet Liber.) The agger is constructed with earth and loose stones thrown up out of the fosse, as above stated.

hollows, which appeared to mark the site of "Cyttiau;" I excavated in several of them, but without success.

The "diggings," commencing at the north-west gate, were carried along the west and south-west sides of the camp, under the joint superintendence of the Rev. J. Williams, now rector of Llanymowddwy, and myself. For some hours our hopes seemed doomed to disappointment; —trench after trench was dug out without success. Perseverance, however, at length brought to light a piece of white pottery, the rim of some vessel, the fabrication of which was so coarse and peculiar as to induce a belief that it belonged to a very early period prior, possibly, to the Roman invasion. Continuing our researches in the same direction, by cutting trenches wherever the ground appeared inviting, this satisfactory beginning was soon followed up by fresh discoveries of fragments of similar pottery, some in a state of great decay, and occasionally of small fragments of coarse red pottery, which appeared to be Roman.

The WHITE POTTERY, which is made of extremely white but ill-tempered clay, and is encrusted on the inside with small stones imbedded in the clay, has been pronounced by Mr. Way, Fellow of the Archæological Institute, to be Anglo-Roman-that is, made by the Romans in this country. Pottery of a similar kind has been recently found on the site of a Roman town on the borders of Essex.

We subsequently divided our labours, Mr. Williams following up our discoveries on the west and south-west, while I commenced digging along the north rampart, proceeding from the north-west gate eastward. Mr. Williams soon dug up a remarkable stone knife, together with more white pottery, and very good glazed ROMAN POTTERY, partaking of the nature of Samian ware.

The STONE KNIFE, the greatest curiosity we found, I forwarded to the lord of the manor, F. R. West, Esq., M.P., (to whom we are much indebted for his liberality, and kind permission to carry on our excavations,) at Ruthin Castle, where it is now carefully preserved. It is unlike

any stone instrument which I have ever seen; it is more slender, and made with more design, than usual; the stone of which it is made resembles that ordinarily found on these mountains, is rather soft, and not more than a quarter, or half-an-inch, in thickness, throughout the whole breadth of it. It has a back, which is flat, like that of our knives, except near the point, (if we may so call it,) where it is scarped off in a similar way to our sword blades. The edge is like that of our axe, and is neatly and regularly made; and, from the end where the handle (if it ever had one) was affixed, it will be observed (see plate)' longitudinal lines are cut, by way of ornament a finish in these days made somewhat more useful, and consisting generally of the maker's name, as ("Roger Son"). I could find no resemblance to it in the collection of stone instruments in the British Museum. It measures about five inches in length, and, in the absence of more certain information respecting it, I should judge from its slight make, and the softness of its material, as well as from its form, that it never was used for any other than domestic or sacrificial purposes.

"Sheffield."

On the north side I continued the "diggings" along the rampart, eastward, and turned up, in nearly every trench opened, fragments of ROMAN POTTERY, varying both in colour and fabrication-both coarse and finered-black-red outside and black inside-and creamcoloured; also IRON, SO corroded that its form was no longer ascertainable; GLASS of a superior kind; a LEADEN ornament; part of a BRASS or BRONZE ring; and, in one of the easternmost trenches, just under the rampart, and below the original surface, (a fact somewhat material in determining the age of the rampart and the white pottery,) the rim of a vase, or urn, of white pottery; and, pursuing the excavations more towards the interior, I found fragments of FLINT ARROW-HEADS, and two almost entire, the points only being broken (see plate);

1 It is due to Mr. Ffoulkes to state that he kindly contributed £1 towards the engraving of the illustrations which accompany his valuable and interesting paper. -EDD. ARCH. CAMB.