Ex.-My mirror is the mountain spring. The predicate noun is sometimes introduced by as. A pronoun used as an attribute complement is called a predicate pronoun. The same forms are used both as subject and as attributė complement. Ex. It is I. It is we. It is thou. It is you. It is he. It is she. It is they. Who is it? Which is it? What is it? Adjectives, nouns, and pronouns may be used as attribute complements. Adjectives modifying pronouns are nearly always predicate adjectives. Point out all predicate nouns and pronouns used as attribute complements in the following sentences:His only passion was the love of gold. A royal messenger he came. Navarre shall be the wonder of the world. Books were his passion and delight. Europe is given a prey to sterner fates. I know not which is which. And I believed the poets; it is they Who utter wisdom from the central deep. Write five sentences each of which shall have a noun or pronoun used as an attribute complement. EXERCISE Selection for application of principles. THE DEAD EAGLE Fallen as he is, this king of birds still seems From thence the winged despot mark'd his prey, Their watchfires were extinct, or camels knelt Whilst yet the unwakened world was dark below. There's such a charm in natural strength and power That human fancy has forever paid Poetic homage to the bird of Jove. Hence, 'neath his image Rome array'd her turns And, figuring his flight, the mind is fill'd With thoughts that mock the pride of wingless man. True, the carr'd aeronaut can mount as high; But what's the triumph of his valiant art? A rash intrusion on the realms of air. His helmless vehicle a silken toy, A bubble bursting in the thunder cloud; The passive plaything of the winds. Not such And cuff'd it with his wings. He stopp'd his flight And stood at pleasure 'neath Heaven's zenith, like Whilst underneath him the world's mountains lay -Thomas Campbell. Read the above stanzas carefully and give the significance of the following words: Atlas, Sahara, Bedouins, Jove, volition, zenith, and gyves. Name the participles in the first stanza, and state what word each modifies. What clauses are found in the second sentence of this stanza? Explain the use of each adverb in the second stanza. Write a paraphrase of this stanza. Point out all attribute complements, indirect objects, nouns used as adjectives, and all proper nouns. Write a biographical sketch of the poet Campbell. Use the following suggestions: Place and date of birth. His school-life. First poetical efforts. Outline of his life. SHALL AND WILL EXPRESSING FUTURITY The manner of forming the future tenses requires careful study, therefore, the auxiliaries of these tenses are here given further consideration. Shall and will used to denote simple futurity are illustrated in the following paradigm. STATEMENTS I shall work. We shall work. You will work. He will work. They will work. QUESTIONS Shall we work? Shall you work? Will he work? Will they work? Most errors in expressing future time occur in the use of will for shall in the first person. Frequent reference to the above forms will enable the learner to avoid this mistake. In questions involving future time shall, not will, is used with the first person, singular or plural. In the second and third persons the auxiliary used should be the same as that expected in the answer. Ex.-Shall we cross the river? Ans. We shall. Shall you attend the meeting? Ans. I shall. Will he be permitted to graduate? Ans. He will. Will they enjoy the music? Ans. They will. Give reasons for the use of shall and will in the sentences that follow: We shall reap what we have sown. They will not venture to cross the river tonight. Shall I demand a reward for a service so unimportant? Shall you call for the vase, or shall I bring it to you? Will the servants assist in the work, or shall we be obliged to do it alone? The soldier asked, "Will the captain lead his regiment against a fort which seems so impregnable?" He will return soon, and then you will be rewarded for your patience. |