forwarded to the President of the United States, in order that he may lay it before the Congress of the United States. 8. At the general election aforesaid, viz. the thirteenth day of November next, there shall be elected a governor, lieutenant governor, members of the Legislature, and also two members of Congress. 9. If this constitution shall be ratified by the people of California, the Legislature shall assemble at the seat of government on the fifteenth day of December next; and in order to complete the organization of that body, the Senate shall elect a president pro tempore until the lieutenant governor shall be installed into office. 10. On the organization of the Legislature, it shall be the duty of the secretary of state to lay before each house a copy of the abstract made by the board of canvassers, and if called for, the original returns of election, in order that each house may judge of the correctness of the report of said board of canvassers. 11. The Legislature at its first session shall elect such officers as may be ordered by this constitution to be elected by that body, and within four days after its organization proceed to elect two senators to the Congress of the United States But no law passed by this Legislature shall take effect until signed by the governor after his installation into office. 12. The senators and representatives to the Congress of the United States, elected by the Legislature and people of California as herein directed, shall be furnished with certified copies of this constitution when ratified, which they shall lay before the Congress of the United States, requesting, in the name of the people of California, the admission of the State of California into the American Union. 13. All officers of this State, other than members of the Legislature, shall be installed into office on the fifteenth day of December next, or as soon thereafter as practicable. 14. Until the Legislature shall divide the State into counties, and senatorial and assembly districts, as directed by this constitution, the following shall be the apportionment of the two houses of the Legislature, viz: the districts of San Diego and Los Angelos shall jointly elect two senators; the districts of Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo shall jointly elect one senator; the district of Monterey, one senator; the district of San Jose, one senator; the district of San Francisco, two senators; the district of Sonoma, one senator; the district of Sacramento, four senators; and the district of San Joaquin, four senators. And the district of San Diego shall elect one member of assembly; the district of Los Angelos, two members of assembly; the district of Santa Barbara, two members of assembly; the district of San Luis Obispo, one member of assembly; the district of Monterey, two members of assembly; the district of San Jose, three members of assembly; the district of San Francisco, five members of assembly; the district of Sonoma, two members of assembly; the district of Sacramento, nine members of assembly; and the district of San Joaquin, nine members of assembly. 15. Until the Legislature shall otherwise direct, in accordance with the provisions of this constitution, the salary of the governor shall be ten thousand dollars per annum; and the salary of the lieutenant governor shall be double the pay of a State senator; and the pay of members of the Legislature shall be sixteen dollars per diem while in attendance, and sixteen dollars for every twenty miles travel by the usual route from their residences, to the place of holding the session of the Legislature, and in returning therefrom. And the Legislature shall fix the salaries of all officers, other than those elected by the people at the first election. 16. The limitation of the powers of the Legislature, contained in article 8th of this constitution, shall not extend to the first Legislature elected under the same, which is hereby authorized to negotiate for such amount as may be necessary to pay the expenses of the State government. A. S. BARNES & COMPANY'S PUBLICATIONS. De Tocqueville's American Institutions. AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE. WITH NOTES, BY HON. JOHN C. SPENCER.-1 vol. 8vo. This book is the first part of De Tocqueville's larger work, on the Republic of America, and is one of the most valuable treatises on American politics that has ever been issued, and should be in every library in the land. The views of a liberalminded and enlightened European statesman upon the working of our country's social and political establishments, are worthy of attentive perusal at all times; those of a man like De Tocqueville have a higher intrinsic value, from the fact of his residence among the people he describes, and his after position as a part of the republican government of France. The work is enriched likewise with a preface, and carefully prepared notes, by a well-known American statesman and late Secretary of the Navy. The book is one of great weight and interest, and is admirably adapted for the district and school library as well as that of the private student. It traces the origin of the Anglo-Americans, treats of their social condition, its essential democracy and political consequences, the sovereignty of the people, etc. It also embraces the author's views on the American system of townships, counties, &c.; federal and state powers; the judiciary; the constitution; parties; the press; American society; power of the majority, its tyranny, and the causes which mitigate it; trial by jury; religion; the three races; the aristocratic party; causes of American commercial prosperity, etc., etc. The work is an epitome of the entire political and social condition of the United States. "M. De Tocqueville was the first foreign author who comprehended the genius of our institutions, and who made intelligible to Europeans the complicated machinery, wheel within wheel, of the state and federal governments. His Democracy in America' is acknowledged to be the most profound and philosophical work upon modern republicanism that has yet appeared. It is characterized by a rare union of discerament, reflection, and candor; and though occasionally tinged with the author's peculiarities of education and faith, it may be accepted as in the main a just and impartial criticism upon the social and political features of the United States. The pubfishers have now sought to adapt it as a text-book for higher seminaries of learning. For this purpose they have published the first volume as an independent work, thus avoiding the author's speculations upon our social habits and religious condition. This volume, however, is unmutilated-the author is left throughout to speak for himself; but where at any point he had misapprehended our system, the defect is supplied by notes or paragraphs in brackets from the pen of one most thoroughly versed in the history, the legislation, the administration, and the jurisprudence of our country. This work will supply a felt deficiency in the educational apparatus of our higher schools. Every man who pretends to a good, and much more to a liberal education, should master the principles and philosophy of the institutions of his country. In the hands of a judicious teacher, this volume will be an admirable text-book."- The Independent. Having had the honor of a personal acquaintance with M. De Tocqueville while he was in this country; having discussed with him many of the topics treated of in this book; having entered deeply into the feelings and sentiments which guided and impelled him in his task, and having formed a high admiration of his character and of this production, the editor felt under some obligation to aid in procuring for one whom he ventures to call his friend, a hearing from those who were the objects of his observations. The notes of Mr. Spencer will be found to elucidate occasional misconceptions of the translator. It is a most judicious text-book, and ought to be read carefully by all who wish to know this country, and to trace its power, position, and ultimate destiny from the true source of philosophic government, Republicanism-the people. De Tocqueville, believing the destinies of civilization to depend on the power of the people and on the principle which so grandly founded an exponent on this continent, analyzes with jealous care and peculiar critical acumen the tendencies of the new Democracy, and candidly gives his approval of the new-born giant, or points out and warns him of dangers which his faithful and independent philosophy foresees. We believe the perusal of his observations will have the effect of enhancing still more to his American readers the structure of their government, by the clear and profound style in which he presents it."-American Review. A. S. BARNES & COMPANY'S PUBLICATIONS. De Tocqueville's Great Work on America. THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA : ITS POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS REVIEWED AND EXAMINED. BY ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. "This sterling work on the genius of the Political Institutions of the United State has long been regarded as a classical production. The London Times, among nu merous other high critical authorities, pronounces it the most profoundly philosophica and able work ever written on the subject of which it treats. Similar distinguished praise is awarded to it as an elucidation of the theory of the Democratic principle, and the mode of its practical operation in America. This erudite work, by M. de Tocque ville, has attracted great attention throughout Europe, as well as this country, wher. it is appealed to as the standard authority on the subject." M. De Tocqueville shows himself to be an original thinker, an acute observer, and an eloquent writer. We regard his work as by far the most philosophical, ingenious and instructive which has been produced in Europe on the subject of America. Ther is no eulogy in it, no detraction; but throughout a manly love of truth. The observa tions of the author uniformly discover a high degree of acuteness and discrimination This valuable work cannot be read either in Europe or America without working new and profitable trains of thought."-North American Review. M. De Tocqueville's able volumes have conferred upon him the highest rank as a political writer; his practical observations have been tested by the most competent judges the Americans and the English; and his speculative inquiries have been applauded and cited by the first statesmen of the age, whilst they have taken their place amongst the most valuable results of modern political science. But the language of panegyric is not required to draw attention to this book, or to enhance its value; we only trust that it may be as generally and profitably studied as it has been wisely and conscientiously written."-British and Foreign Quarterly Review. "De Tocqueville's great work on the United States has received universal commendation. . . . After the French Revolution of 1830, De Tocqueville came to the determination to visit the United States, study our institutions of government, and report the results of his investigations. He had a distinct conception of the democratic principle. It was his aim to discover the manner of its embodiment, and the practical illustration given to it by our institutions. He examined the structure of government, in all its parts, as it here exists; in its legislative, executive, and judicial forms; and in all its grades of operation, from that of the federal government of the Union, down to those little communities, the townships; and including, of course, the State governments, and the organizations of counties, cities, and towns. He investigated the character of each of these distinct organizations, and the nature and extent of the powers confided to each of them. A profound admiration was awakened for the author, at the extent of his research, his philosophical depth and fidelity to truth, his cool candor, and his patriotic devotion to the democratic theory of government. No writer, before or since, has made so profound an analysis of our institutions as De Tocqueville. The whole machinery of government is reviewed by him, and a critical examination is made of its structure, its operations, its excellences, and its defects. No library should be without De Tocqueville; no class should leave a college or a high school until they have taken their first great lesson in democracy, (using the word in no party sense,) from the profound teachings of De Tocqueville."- Worcester Palladium. A. S. BARNES & COMPANY'S PUBLICATIONS. Mansfield's Life of General Scott. MANSFIELD'S LIFE OF GENERAL SCOTT. THE LIFE OF GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT, BY EDWARD D. MANSFIELD. This work gives a full and faithful narrative of the important events with which the name and services of General Scott have been connected. It contains numerous and ample references to all the sources and documents from which the facts of the history are drawn. trated with Maps and Engravings. 12mo. 350 pages. From the New York Tribune. Ilus We have looked through it sufficiently to say with confidence that it is well lone-a valuable addition to the best of American biographies. Mr. Mansfield Joes his work thoroughly, yet is careful not to overdo it, so that his Life is something better than the fulsome panegyrics of which this class of works is too genrally composed. General Scott has been connected with some of the most tirring events in our national history, and the simple recital of his daring deeds warms the blood like wine. We commend this well printed volume to general perusal. From the N. Y. Courier and Enquirer. This volume may, both from its design and its execution, be classed among what the French appropriately call "memoirs, to serve the cause of history," blending, as it necessarily does, with all the attraction of biographical incidents, much of the leading events of the time. It is also a contribution to the fund of true national glory, that which is made up of the self-sacrificing, meritorious, and perilous services, in whatever career, of the devoted sons of the nation. From the U. S. Gazette, (Philadelphia.) A beautiful octavo volume, by a gentleman of Cincinnati, contains the above welcome history. Among the many biographies of the eminent officers of the army, we have found that that of General Scott did not occupy its proper place; but in the "authentic and unimpeachable history" of his eventful life now presented, that want is satisfied. From the Cleveland (Ohio) Daily Herald. We are always rejoiced to see a new book about America, and our country men, by an American-especially when that book relates to our history as a na. tion, or unrolls those stirring events in which our prominent men, both dead and living, have been actors. As such we hail with peculiar delight and pride the work now before us; it has been written by an American hand, and dictated by an American heart-a heart deeply imbued with a love of his native land, its institutions, and distinguished men. J5 |