44.-AN ENIGMATICAL Garden.

THE whole of this territory is planted with trees, shrubs, and flowers, of which the following remarkable things form a part:

In one small corner is to be found the most valuable possession of man near it stands a philosopher, and a large public building; there also grows that herb of which the crown was made for the man who saved the life of a fellowcitizen; and not far from this is the great consolation for a wounded mind. If you truly repent, there also is to be found an emblem of your repentance! Not far from these stand two celebrated women,-one adorned with a rose, the other with gold.

The garden has various parterres and mounds, each division having its own flower in its natural season, viz.:

In a remote corner of the garden, apart from the intrusion of children, there were found Darkness visible,' and a beautiful Italian lady

45.

My first is a French word,
Which in English a topic is,
Whether "good," or if "better,"
But cut off the last letter.

Or, two-thirds of a Latin word
Which warns us of fleeting time,
Will afford you some little clue
Quite irrespective of rhyme.
My second in grammar is
Sign of comparison;
Is in petitioner found,
While making his orison.
It is in hater and lover,
Crusader and leaguer,
Cavalier too, and ranter,
And in stern covenanter.
My third is imperfect,
As Eve's act of tasting
Yet in grammar 'tis perfect.
To guess it you're hasting.
My whole he must ever be
In trade, business, or war,
Who strives for the mastery
At honour, near or far.
46.

My first travels on in a regular way,
And while it is wandering thus,

L. H. M.

The handsomest mansions are built and decay,
In a manner peculiar to us;

My second's a portion of anything rare,
Or excessively common indeed,

A fragment, a particle, coin, or share,
And familiar to all who can read;
My whole is an instrument very correct
In its way, and may mostly be found
On the drawing-room sideboard to give an effect
To the ornaments scattered around.
GEO. M. F. GLENNY.

My first is valued much in trade
By every rank, by every grade,
Too much, indeed, by some;
They early rise to buy and sell
To get me, yet they use me ill.
I often seem to shun the poor,
I cannot tell you why, I'm sure,

For they seem most in need;
I love among the rich to dwell,
Although they seldom use me well.
Without my next a country seat,
Is not, by any means, complete
For pleasure or for use;
My whole, a lovely spot, they say,
Bordering on the Himalay.

54.

I am short, long-thick, thin-broad, narrow -round and flat; am almost all colours, and both useful and ornamental; and, indeed, some persons cannot do without me. Now tell me what I am.-EMILY A. C- TH.

55.

My first for business or for pleasure used,
Is known to all who've trod on Erin's soil;
It sometimes daring spirits has conveyed
In regions far above this world's turmoil.
My second may be almost anything,
A child, a dog, a monkey, or a bird;
And, save by those to whom it may belong,
Its absence to its presence is preferred.

In all well-furnished rooms my whole is found,
At least in comfortable nglish homes;
But oft abroad it is a thing unknown,
As soon he finds who in those countries roams.
G. GUYON.
56.

My first is a manner, a fashion, a plan,
In all ages pursued by civilized man;
My second is dirty, and greasy, and hase,
I cannot describe so unpolish'd a place;
Yet these, well united, fair woman should prize,
Far more than the charms that her beauty supplies

14.-a. JumP. b. EyE. c. WallachiA. d. EaR. e. LulL-Jewel-Pearl. 15.-a. PalM.

b. AmI. c. PilL. d. EIL.

e. Rheims-Paper-Mills. 16.-Star tar. 17.-Mason. 18.-Miscellaneous. 19.-Mat-tress. 20.-Whale-bone. 21.-Rum

age. 22.-Curtail. 23.-horn-horn. 24.-a. Lalla Rook H. b. AmI. c. WineVipeR. d. RomE. e. EscuriaL. f. Navarino. g. Critic. h. EIK-Laurence-Havelock.

THE EDITOR TO HIS FRIENDS. ADDRESS.-9, BELL SQ., FINSBURY, LONDON. A HOST of letters have reached us this month congratulating us on our first number for the new year, and wishing us a continued success; some of these contain valuable suggestions for the improvement of our Magazine Our friends may rest assured that on the completion of our French and Zoology, they will see some of the improvements carried out that they have been kind enough to submit for consideration.

Contributors to our pages will oblige by writing name and address on their MSS., for the note that usually introduces them to our notice is liable to become separated from them, which often causes serious inconvenience by disabling us from forwarding a proof for correction before publication of accepted articles, while, in the case of the unfortunate rejected, we lose the opportunity of returning them.

FIRST CLASS.

Amelia (we think not, and for the reasons already assigned).- Catie.-J. C. L. (we hope next month to hear of your restoration).-ElizaMortimer. Edward (our sincerest thanks for the addition you have made to our numbers).-Worcester Trio.-L'Eclair (we missed your letter this month).-Emily A. Ch. (the only reason).Tif. Marie and Elise.-Alpha.- James A.-T. Walter H. (send address, and a Certificate shall be returned). -Nellie (you were entitled to first class honours last month).-D. M. R.-M. W. M.-Little Giggie (quite entitled, send address; handwriting admits of improvement).-H. A. J.-Captain J. R.Agnese.

QUESTIONS ANSWERED.

10. SCICLIST.-"WHAT CONSTITUTES THE PREPARATION OF SULPHURIC ACID OR OIL OF VITRIOL. McCulloch says-" In some parts of the Continent this process is still followed: the method generally adopted in this country is to introduce nine parts of sulphur, intimately mixed with one part of nitre, in a state of active combustion, into large leaden vessels, the bottoms of which are covered with a stratum of water. Sulphurous and nitrous acid gases are generated, which, entering into combination, form a white crystalline solid, which falls to the bottom of the vessels. The instant that the water comes in contact with it, this soiid becomes ecomposed, with a hissing noise and effervescence, sulphuric acid combines with the water, and nitrous gas is liberated, which, combining with oxygen from the air of the vessels, is converted into nitrous acid gas, which again combines with sulphuric acid gas, and again falls to the

bottom of the vessels. This process continues as long as the combustion of the sulphur is kept up, or as long as atmospheric air remains in the vessels, the nitrous acid merely serving as a means for the transference of oxygen from the atmosphere to the sulphurous acid. To convert it into sulphuric acid the water is removed from the vessels when of a certain strength, and replaced by fresh. These acid waters are then evaporated in leaden boilers, and finally concentrated in glass or platina vessels. As thus manufactured, sulphuric acid is a dense oily fluid, colourless, intensely acid, and highly corrosive, and has a specific gravity of 1,846, water being equal to 1,000.-C. S., from McCulloch's Dictionary of Commerce.

11. EMILIA. -POCKET-HANDKERCHIEF. - A correspondent of Notes and Queries says that the component parts of this familiar term are fourviz., "pocket; hand; ker, cur or cover, from couvre; chief, from chef, head; that is, pockethand-cover-head, or pocket-hand-head-cover. Hence the transitions that have taken place in the use of that article of dress; first worn on the head, then carried in the hand, and lastly in the pocket. The word mouchoir is not the translation of it, unless de poche be added; for the French have mouchoir de tete, mouchoir de cou, as well as mouchoir de poche. In fact mouchoir has, like the other, deviated from its original meaning. First confined to the use of the nose, as the verb mouchoir implies; it has passed from that organ to the head, from the head to the neck, and from the neck to the pocket."

In

12. RIFLE CORPS.-CORBEL (French Corbeille, from the Latin Corbis, a wicker basket). fortification this is the meaning attached to the word; a case of wicker filled with earth, and set upon a parapet to shelter the besieged from their enemies' fire, being so called. In architecture, it means a projecting piece of stone, wood, or iron placed so as to support a pillar or some superinother churches are frequently beautifully ornacumbent weight. Corbel stones in cathedral or into the form of an angel or noble face, but very mented with tracery and foliage, sometimes carved frequently into that of a demon, satyr, or a votary monarch, a'nun or a lady abbess, who looks down of Bacchus; it may be a shaven monk or a crowned upon you from below the spring of the arch, or the parapet, or tier of windows, entablature, or other architectural arrangement which requires the support of one or more of these projections; upon which the workers in stone of the middle ages were fond of lavishing their skill, not always with the most pleasing results, as the engraving sufficiently shows. When there is a row of these heads, sustaining an entablature or other flat surface, this is called a corbel table, and the steps into which the sides of gables are sometimes broken are called corbel steps, which some have absurdly corrupted into corbie steps, because, it is said, the corbies, or crows, like to sit upon them. Some corbels are essential to the construction and sustainment of the building, and to distinguish them from such as are merely ornamental they are called corbel-sous. The vase or projecting foliated work which forms the capital of the Corinthian column is sometimes called a corbel, from its resemblance to a basket; as is also the niche for an image, but the proper term for this last is corbet.

13. HOLLY-LODGE.-The name of Sir Roger de Coverley took its rise from a village called Cowley, two miles from Oxford, in the time of Queen Anne. Roger of Cowley is indebted to Addison for the honour of knighthood.

14. ENTHUSIAST.-CRUSADE (French croisade, from Latin crux, a cross). Military expeditions undertaken for the recovery of Palestine, or the Holy Land-as the scene of Our Saviour's life and sufferings is called-from the Mahommedans. The first of them was projected by Peter Gautier, a native of Amiens, who, having

quitted the military profession, and gone on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, deplored to Pope Urban, on his return, that the sacred city, from whence emanated the divine light of Christianity, should be in the hands of the mocking infidels. The Pope listened to his representations, convened a council of bishops and ambassadors of Christian potentates to discuss the matter, and, with their agreement, issued the fatal commission which empowered Gautier to excite all Christendom to a Holy War, as it was mis-called. With the zeal of a fanatic, Peter set about his work, and, dressed in the garb of a monk, preached the crusade, and soon, beneath the standard of the Cross, an army of 200,000 men was raised, eager to fight for the recovery of Jerusalem from the Turks. The direction of this army was given to Peter the Hermit, as he was then called, and the command to Geoffery de Bouillon, a puissant warrior. After suffering innumerable hardships, and losing an immense number of the men of all kinds and degrees which composed its ranks, the army reached Jerusalem, and took it, after a siege of five weeks, on the 19th of July, 1099, when a terrible massacre of the infidels ensued, neither age nor sex being spared. From this time, a sort of crusading epidemic prevailed in Europe, which broke

out every now and then, and impelled hundreds of thousands to leave homes and families, and all that is most dear to man, and rush to the bloodstained fields of Palestine, until, according to reliable calculations, the lives of 2,000,000 had been sacrificed. The second crusade, or great wave of nvasion from the west which swept in upon the Turks, occurred in 1147, when the preaching of St. Bernard was the exciting cause; and the third took place in 1191, when Richard I. of England, called Coeur de Lion, joined in the enterprise; with what result history informs us. The holy warriors, as the crusaders were called, wore a red cross upon the right shoulder, with the motto Volente Deum (God's will), as if they had received a Divine commission to slaughter their fellow

men.

15. JAMES R.-GOYT.-This word means a drain or water-course; of old it signified a channel or narrow part of the sea. All the Teutonic languages have it, but it is, most probably of Celtic origin. We trace something like it in the Welch gwyth, a drain or channel; and in the Gaelic for a sink or drain, guiteur, from whence comes our word gutter. An attempt to trace it to its primitive derivation leads us to gwy or wy, stream, water; gwyth is the Celtic name for the Isle of Wight, meaning probably the isle of a channel.-Notes and Queries.

16. EMILY.-HARRIET is simply the feminine form of Henry:-Henry, Harry, Harriet or Harriette. Henry is derived from the German Heinrich, and signifies a "Rich Lord," (from Herr. reich).

17. ELIZA.-The following method of washing muslin and cotton prevents the colours from running:-Make a strong lather of soap and water, wash the muslins in it. Put a handful of ground alum in the water you rinse them in.

18. NATURALIST.-CHANGE OF COLOUR IN LOBSTERS.-Both the lobster and crawfish turn red upon being boiled. This is owing to the action of water at 212° of Fahrenheit upon the bluish black pigment secreted by the corium, and diffused over the tegumentary armour. Alcohol, ether, and the acids also produce the same effect.

The lobster is what is termed a crustaceous animal, belonging to the sub-order macroura, or long-tailed decapods. Lobsters are placed by

Linnæus in the cancer, or crab division of the crustacea; like the crabs, they change their shelly coverings annually, and only increase in size in the short intervals which occur between

casting off the old shell and the gradual hardening of the new one: an increase of as much as onethird has been observed on such an occasion.