Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods: Methods and Risk Assessment

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Franz Bigler, Dirk Babendreier, Ulli Kuhlmann
CABI, 2006 - Всего страниц: 299
Classical biological control of insects, where exotic natural enemies are introduced to control exotic pests, has been applied for more than 120 years, and the release of more than 2000 species of natural enemies has resulted in the permanent reduction of at least 165 pest species worldwide. Augmentative biological control, where exotic or native natural enemies are periodically released, has been used for 90 years, and more than 150 species of natural enemy are available on demand for the control of about 100 pest species. The aim of this book is to compile the current knowledge of methodologies used for assessing environmental impacts of invertebrate biological control agents, to advise on how to perform science-based risk assessments and on how to use new technology and information.
 

Содержание

1 Current Status and Constraints in the Assessment of Nontarget Effects
1
2 Selection of Nontarget Species for Host Specificity Testing
15
3 Host Specificity in Arthropod Biological Control Methods for Testing and Interpretation of the Data
38
Competition Displacement and Secondary Interactions
64
5 Risks of Interbreeding Between Species Used in Biological Control and Native Species and Methods for Evaluating Their Occurrence and Impact
78
6 Assessing the Establishment Potential of Inundative Biological Control Agents
98
7 Methods for Monitoring the Dispersal of Natural Enemies from Point Source Releases Associated with Augmentative Biological Control
114
8 Risks of Plant Damage Caused by Natural Enemies Introduced for Arthropod Biological Control
132
11 Molecular Methods for the Identification of Biological Control Agents at the Species and Strain Level
187
12 The Usefulness of the Ecoregion Concept for Safer Import of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents
202
13 Statistical Tools to Improve the Quality of Experiments and Data Analysis for Assessing Nontarget Effects
222
14 Principles of Environmental Risk Assessment with Emphasis on the New Zealand Perspective
241
Methods for Comprehensive Evaluation and Quick Scan
254
a Basic Approach
273
Glossary
287
Index
291

9 Methods for Assessment of Contaminants of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents and Associated Risks
145
10 Postrelease Evaluation of Nontarget Effects of Biological Control Agents
166

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