Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods: Methods and Risk AssessmentFranz Bigler, Dirk Babendreier, Ulli Kuhlmann CABI, 2006 - Всего страниц: 299 Classical biological control of insects, where exotic natural enemies are introduced to control exotic pests, has been applied for more than 120 years, and the release of more than 2000 species of natural enemies has resulted in the permanent reduction of at least 165 pest species worldwide. Augmentative biological control, where exotic or native natural enemies are periodically released, has been used for 90 years, and more than 150 species of natural enemy are available on demand for the control of about 100 pest species. The aim of this book is to compile the current knowledge of methodologies used for assessing environmental impacts of invertebrate biological control agents, to advise on how to perform science-based risk assessments and on how to use new technology and information. |
Содержание
1 | |
2 Selection of Nontarget Species for Host Specificity Testing | 15 |
3 Host Specificity in Arthropod Biological Control Methods for Testing and Interpretation of the Data | 38 |
Competition Displacement and Secondary Interactions | 64 |
5 Risks of Interbreeding Between Species Used in Biological Control and Native Species and Methods for Evaluating Their Occurrence and Impact | 78 |
6 Assessing the Establishment Potential of Inundative Biological Control Agents | 98 |
7 Methods for Monitoring the Dispersal of Natural Enemies from Point Source Releases Associated with Augmentative Biological Control | 114 |
8 Risks of Plant Damage Caused by Natural Enemies Introduced for Arthropod Biological Control | 132 |
11 Molecular Methods for the Identification of Biological Control Agents at the Species and Strain Level | 187 |
12 The Usefulness of the Ecoregion Concept for Safer Import of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents | 202 |
13 Statistical Tools to Improve the Quality of Experiments and Data Analysis for Assessing Nontarget Effects | 222 |
14 Principles of Environmental Risk Assessment with Emphasis on the New Zealand Perspective | 241 |
Methods for Comprehensive Evaluation and Quick Scan | 254 |
a Basic Approach | 273 |
Glossary | 287 |
291 | |
9 Methods for Assessment of Contaminants of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents and Associated Risks | 145 |
10 Postrelease Evaluation of Nontarget Effects of Biological Control Agents | 166 |
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Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of ..., Том 10 Franz Bigler,Dirk Babendreier,Ulli Kuhlmann Ограниченный просмотр - 2006 |
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aethiopoides Agriculture analysis application arthropod attack Babendreier Barratt behaviour Bigler Biocontrol biological control agents Braconidae CABI Publishing cal control Chapter classical biological control contaminants Cotesia deltamethrin density detection Diptera dispersal Driesche ecological ecoregion ecosystems Effects of Biological Entomology entomopathogenic entomophagous environment Environmental Entomology environmental risk establishment Europe evaluation fax number feeding field genes habitat Hokkanen host plant host range host specificity testing host-range testing hybrids Hymenoptera hyperparasitoids IBCAs identified indirect insects interactions introduced introduced species introgression invertebrate invertebrate biological control ITS2 laboratory Lenteren Lepidoptera logical control mating mealybug ment methods microsporidia molecular native species nematodes non-target effects non-target hosts non-target impacts non-target species organisms parasitism parasitoids pathogens PCR product pest polyphagous populations post-release potential predators predict prey release point risk assessment sequences sitoids Stouthamer studies target host target species temperature Tephritidae tion Trichogramma Trichogrammatidae trol agents Zealand