The following table gives name of industry and number of organizations and members reported for each:

STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES IN MASSACHUSETTS: FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORTS.

The Annual Statistics of Manufactures, 1899. Fourteenth Report, xi, 168 pp. (Issued by the Bureau of Statistics of Labor, Horace G. Wadlin, Chief.)

The two parts of this report present an industrial chronology, 71 pages, and statistics of manufactures, 96 pages.

MANUFACTURES.-Returns were secured from 4.740 identical establishments, representing 88 industries, for the years 1898 and 1899, the data including the number of private firms and corporations and of partners and stockholders, capital invested, cost of material, value of product; highest, lowest, and average number of employees, and aggregates by months; wages paid, average yearly earnings, classified weekly earnings in selected industries, and working time and proportion of business done.

The following table presents certain facts as to ownership:

FIRMS AND CORPORATIONS. PARTNERS AND STOCKHOLDERS IN 4,740 IDENTICAL ESTABLISHMENTS, 1898 AND 1899.

a Not including stockholders in industrial combinations.

From this table it appears that 2 new corporations and 9 industrial combinations were formed to take up the business of the 65 firms that disappeared in 1899. These new organizations took over the control of 65 establishments, the corporations taking 6 and the combinations 59. The exclusion from the returns of the stockholders in combinations makes it impossible to determine from this showing whether or not there is a wider distribution of capital holdings in the whole management of manufacturing interests. The smaller average number of partners to a firm and of stockholders to a corporation in the year 1899 suggests, however, a tendency toward enlargement of holdings to the exclusion of the small investor.

Below are given statistics for 88 classified industries, shown separately for 9 principal industries, for 79 other industries, and for all industries for 1898 and 1899. In 1899 the 9 principal industries represented 64.86 per cent of the capital invested, 55.06 per cent of the stock used, and produced 55.49 per cent of the goods made.

In each of the particular industries shown, as well as in the totals, a considerable increase appears for 1899 in respect of each item presented. Total cost of stock used shows a larger per cent of increase than does total value of product; the same is true of 4 of the 9 specified industries presented. In but one industry shown in the tablecotton goods-does the per cent of increase of wages come up to that of value of product.

The following table presents data as to employees, earnings, and days in operation; the establishments considered are the same as in the foregoing table:

AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE YEARLY EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE DAYS IN OPERATION IN 9 PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES, OTHER INDUSTRIES, AND IN ALL INDUSTRIES, 1898 AND 1899.

Comparison between per cent of increase in number of employees and per cent of increase in wages paid shows a rough general agreement between these two items, suggesting that individual wages were not raised, but that additional employees absorbed the enlarged wage fund.

The carpet industry is a notable exception to this agreement, and there is found to be a corresponding actual increase in average yearly earnings. A further comparison shows, however, that this increase in yearly earnings is due to an increase in working time, and that this latter increase is represented in each separate item, except in the boot and shoe industry, by a larger per cent than is found under average yearly earnings, indicating an actual reduction in per diem earnings in 1899. In carpetings, for instance, the 9.50 per cent increase in annual earnings was secured by an added 23.13 per cent of working time, while in worsted goods an increase in annual earnings of $1.06 or 0.29 per cent is set over against an addition of 36.66 days, or 13.99 per cent to the days in operation.

In 1899, for the first time, the bureau secured a division of employees on the basis of age as well as sex, giving adult males, adult females, and young persons under 21. The returns are for the week of largest number of employees in the various industries.

The following table shows the number and per cent of each group earning indicated weekly wages. The last three columns show the composition of each wage class, the per cents adding across to 100, and showing the proportion of each class taken from the different groups.

CLASSIFIED WEEKLY EARNINGS IN 88 INDUSTRIES, BY AGE AND SEX, 1899.

Total

245, 365 104, 910 60, 742 411,017 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 59.70 25.52

14.78

This table shows that about one-seventh of the wage-earners reported earned less than $5 per week, and that this class includes more than one-half of the young persons, about one-sixth of the adult females, and less than one-twenty-fifth of the adult males. It also appears that rather more than one-half of this class is made up of young persons, while the females compose about one-third and males about one-sixth of it. There is a larger per cent, 20.05, of adult females in the class "$6 or under $7" than in any other; they also compose the largest proportion, 43.80 per cent, of that class. The rate "$9 or under $10" contains the largest number of adult males of any single dollar range, while less than one fifth of this class are adult females.

In the tables heretofore presented value of goods made or work done has included not only the added value resulting from the processes of the industry considered, but the original cost of material as well. In order to show the actual result of the productive forces of the industry, the element of cost of material must be deducted from the total value of product; the remainder will show only the industry product, or the new values created. This has been done in the case of the nine leading industries, and the amount of industry product per $1,000 capital and per employee has been computed, also the division of industry product between the wage fund and the fund devoted to other expenses, as freights, insurance, interest, rent, commissions, salaries, etc., and to profits, these last items being grouped as "Profit and minor expenses.