the fact I assume that there are fewer shore jobs for men trained for the deck course.

In 1954 we experienced some trouble in putting our men aboard ships due to the fact that shipping had decreased and we met with labor problems or union problems, so in 1954 we felt we had to find another outlet for our men. So seeing that we were having trouble with the oceangoing ships, I approached people on the Great Lakes and they were very receptive to the type of training we give at the State school I immediately made some fine contacts with them so the men who were unable to find berths on American-flag ships we sent to the lakes. For a deckman they have to go up in an unlicensed capacity in order to get some time at the wheel in order to qualify to be a watch officer. It is part of their regulations up there and you have to face it, and there is nothing you can do about it. It only takes a few trips or one season for a man to qualify.

Mr. WEBSTER. How many months?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Eight or nine months. The lakes only operate ships from March to early December.

Mr. WEBSTER. During that 8- or 9-month period would there be much difference in the mate's income?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Yes. An able-bodied seaman or wheelman or helmsman in the lakes would probably make $350 to $450, that is base pay, plus overtime, and it is hard to stabilize that because it is up to the man according to how much overtime he wants to put in. When licensed he gets six or seven hundred here. It is good training to go on the lakes. Engineers we put in licensed capacity on the lakes. This year in 1955 we were able to place all the men who wanted to go on merchant ships, oceangoing engineers and a few of the mates. We ran into trouble again in this respect that unfortunately a great many of the American-flag ships are going under foreign flags and under foreign-flag arrangements the pay is perhaps one-third of what it is under the American flag. We do put men with foreign-flag ships American owned but under a foreign flag, and they will make from $250 to $350 and serve in officer capacity where if a man went aboard an American-flag ship he would make $600 to $700. We find the problems that face us now in particular are the ones with the union. both deck and engine, and with American-flag ships going under foreign flags.

We have also expanded our efforts in this respect as far as placemert goes. I would like to bring this out-that we, as no school, will know definitely how long a man will stay at sea. There are certain reasers why he will leave that we don't question and can't question. A man doesn't know when he graduates how long he will be able to stay st sea. Therefore, realizing that our men had to have some place to g if they were forced to give up the sea, we established our shore pla ment service. That service is one available to men who have completed their active duty in the Navy. When a man graduates from the academy and receives a commission, he is obliged to serve at least! years in the Navy. Now if a man has completed that service and a all probability has had a few years in the merchant service, when h announces himself available for a shore job, we check his record * find out if he has had some time in merchant service and completel his service and then we go out and make contract for him in shore jous

Naturally we have not been able to go into the field until we have done a great deal of correspondence and had many telephone calls, but we have been able to place most of the men who applied to us for shore jobs. We have connections with General Electric and Steel Turbine and other engineering companies and they have found our men qualified for positions for which we sent them. So we are advancing our shore placement in order to take care of some of the men who graduated in the earlier classes who have established a good name in the merchant marine or the Navy but for some reason have had to come out and we hope to expand that to a greater extent.

We do find jobs for the men in industry, shore jobs, related to their education received at the school. If we have an engineering graduate we will try to put him with an engineering concern. If he is deck, then we will try very hard to find something for him in the deck line. That is more or less restricted to private yachts, mill superintendents, stevedoring, and marine transportation. We find a great many of the deck men after completing their training in merchant marine or the service will go on to college and get a degree to further their educaation so that upon graduating they will be able to come back into the marine industry. They are welcomed with open arms because any graduate of our maritime academy with our degree plus time on a ship plus time in the Navy plus perhaps 2 or more years at an advanced school is well trained. Realizing that we also attempt in our work to find colleges in the country that have the type of program that our men will fit into so they will have to go to school only another year or two in order to really advance into the field, and that is basically our

program.

Mr. BOURBON. Lieutenant, what percentage of your men are called into the Navy?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Very few are called in and then only in time of crisis, such as the Korean War. Perhaps we had at that time, I will say roughly, 80 men who had graduated previously to 1950, that is from 1944 on, who were called into the service. They were men who had no previous experience in the Navy perhaps. As of now there are very few men called into the Navy. The Navy at this time will only avail itself of men in a particular status with their draft boards who must go into the Navy in order to utilize their commission. This year from our 1955 class there are three men who were called directly into the Navy and they were officer candidates. They were under a different type of program. All the others went into the merchant marine, the Great Lakes, or applied for active duty on their own.

Mr. BOURBON. What has been your experience with those men? When they come out of the Navy do they go back into the merchant narine?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. I would say 25 percent go back into the merchant marine. Of the remaining perhaps 50 percent go on to college to increase their education under the GI bill. They take advantage of that bill and advance their education. Unfortunately at this time I don't have too much of a report on that because most of he men are still at school. They spend a couple of years in the merchant service, a couple of years in the Navy, and then in college so I can't say what happens to those who go to college. I have had 10 or 15 who have completed college and come to me and wanted to go

back to shipping. They felt they wanted that profession, and one thing we bring out is that these men are professional men. graduates are professional men and can always use that license.

Mr. WEBSTER. You mention selective service as if it was a nuisance. Lieutenant LANGLOIS. It is.

Mr. WEBSTER. If they don't get a job at sea are they apt to be called?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Even if they do get a job at sea, they are liable to be called in and I will explain it. The graduates of the State schools and Federal school, even though they receive commissions as ensigns in the Naval Reserve or the merchant marine, are subject to call under selective service. Therefore, if a man graduated from Maine maritime tomorrow and received his commission and I had a job for him on the Moore McCormack as a third mate and sent him to sea, before he could go to sea he would have to clear with his draft board. I have a job for that man. The draft board says, "You are 1-A, 24 years old and you are being called up for preinduction physical tomorrow. You cannot take that job." That man has a naval commission and he has a license and a job but the first call is selective service.

Now with a commission, having a commission, the man can g down to the Naval Reserve and apply for active duty. He brings with him a letter from the draft board saying "this man is coming up for preinduction physical" so the Navy will issue immediate orders and that man is in the Navy.

Mr. BOURBON. They will do that?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Oh, yes, they will do that if they are up for preinduction physical in selective service. If a man graduates from here and doesn't receive a commission for certain reasons, then after he graduates he could be called into the Army the next day.

I want to give you my ideas on it briefly-in talking with Genera Hershey and Mr. Leavitt and I spent three enjoyable but not fruitfu hours with him in Washington-he explained to us the reason for selective service is to train men to be available for the defense of their country in time of war. We certainly believe that a man who sperad 3 years at a State school or 4 years at Kings Point, who has training n Naval Reserve plus the fact he is capable of accepting a commissio and assuming responsibility of command, has definitely fulfilled tai concept of selective service to defend his country in time of war. feel that it is just a duplication of effort to put this man on selective service after he has graduated from our schools because definitely a man who has had this type of training is capable of performing s job in time of war as well as any man who has had 2 years in the Art I feel it is a problem that should be looked into.

Mr. BOURBON. Is the situation the same with Kings Point nenare they subject to selective service?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Yes; they are subject as we are, and t have, perhaps, as much trouble, if not more than we do, because . our connection with the selective board in the State we have ma very fine contacts with them. They are very cooperative with and our graduates in the State, so we don't have the immediate prod lem of having the men put into the Army or forced into the Nam immediately after graduation. They will go along with us and graz

the men from 1 to 2 to 3 years' deferment, and 3 years is usually the limit. At the end of 3 years' time they call the men up for preinduction physical, and then they can go into the Navy. Usually he is a far better man in the Navy with 3 years' merchant service behind him. I am sure you will see that, but it doesn't seem quite right that he would be subject to selective service after being in the merchant service for 3 or 4 years.

Mr. WEBSTER. In the academy's answers to the questionnaire, at the bottom of the first page-and I quote:

Since 1949 the academy has graduated 420 men, over 80 percent of whom are now on active duty in the Navy or are sailing as licensed officers on merchant ships.

Could you give us a little more of a breakdown as to that 80 percent? Are most of those serving in the Navy or are most on merchant ships? Lieutenant LANGLOIS. That complete breaktown is question 23 of your questionnaire. We have records in our files to substantiate this report. We continue to make surveys to keep our records accurate. Mr. WEBSTER. You report that 168 of the 411 are at sea in the merchant marine, 182 are on active duty in the Navy, and 117 have prior service as officers in merchant marine.

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Of the men in the Navy now, 117 have had prior service in merchant service.

Mr. WEBSTER. As officers in merchant marine and in shore positions of the maritime industry. Of the 411, you have 9 who are in those shore positions. In "other employment" you report you have 61 of those graduates and you comment concerning "in shore positions" and 'other employment" positions having officer experience at sea prior to other employment. I gather there are quite a number?

Admiral WARLICK. Sixty-one.

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. I could probably explain it to you better with a copy here.

Mr. WEBSTER. Admiral Warlick has made it clear to me, but I think for the record you might explain that 61 is the number.

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. In (c) and (d), (c) calls for "in shore positions in maritime industry" and (d) calls for "other employment." Now, the 2 total 70, and 61 of those 70 have experience at sea prior to hat employment, so only 9 of the men who are either in shore posiions or have other employment have never been to sea.

Admiral WARLICK. And six of those are in the last class.

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. Yes, and they have been absorbed by indusry, I assume to give them something to come back to after they omplete their service. You can see if a man is offered a good job with General Electric after 6 months or a year, knowing he has to o into the service, he can extend that year so he can establish senority so after completing his time in the Navy, if he wishes to come ack for any reason, then he will have a job waiting for him. Mr. WEBSTER. What happened to the nine men?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. That 9 are the men who have never been o sea-420 minus 411-1 man broke his leg; another went into the Salvation Army and there were particular reasons for the individuals ho were unable to go to sea. However, the greatest percent of those ine men are in the last class and they have not actually had a chance O go out yet.

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Mr. BOURBON. On page 19 you give the number who failed or quit and it shows in 1952 there were 35. I am wondering whether there were any special circumstances in that year to cause that?

Lieutenant LANGLOIS. To tell the truth, that is out of my particular jurisdiction and I would suggest that you call the registrar or Admiral Warlick to explain that. I deal mostly with men after they graduate.

Admiral WARLICK. My opinion is this-I think six were killed in an automobile accident which increased it considerably. The other is that the tensions of the Korean fighting were lessening and people who were preparing themselves to fight as officers in the fighting if it continued, no longer felt the need to prepare themselves for future service. That is my opinion of the major part of that, which would be 29 as over the previous year which was 12.

The CHAIRMAN. Any other questions?

Mr. WEBSTER. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Now, are there others who would like to be heard! We would be happy to hear from anybody who would care to say anything for the record here.

Admiral WARLICK. I believe the officers of the academy, if they don't wish to say anything further, feel that they have had a part ir answering the questions and their opinions have been presented there even though not specifically stated.

The CHAIRMAN. I think it would be helpful indeed, if a paper has not been passed around, that it might be before everyone leaves the room so that it might be signed by those who are present, with their particular capacity with the academy or as individuals, as citizens We might like to have that for the record. Have everyone who is here sign it.

Mr. LEAVITT. We have two other members of the board of trusters here, Ed Hough who is executive secretary of the school, and Mr John Raymond. I don't know whether they have anything to say or not. I want you to know they are here.

The CHAIRMAN. We would be glad to hear from them.

STATEMENT OF EDWARD HOUGH

Mr. HOUGH. I am president of the alumni association and we ar very proud to have you here to see our school. We are proud of ta school, and I speak for the nearly 1,000 graduates and for my." as one of them.

There is one question you asked that interested me particularly and that is, "Do we try to interest men going to sea in coming to th schools?" Speaking for myself and the graduates, I am respons for one, a boy that was on one of my watches. I talked him into s ing here and he has made a fine record. The alumni have been won ing on this problem and we have a-graduate-a-man-a-year pla which each graduate tries to get one man a year to attend the acader : It has been in operation only 1 year but we hope it will become vert successful.

The CHAIRMAN. In other words, you do stress upon members of alumni to seek out young men who have a love of the sea and ba definite ambitions of following this type of training?