The edifice is in the form of an octagon, with the state of Georgia. Opposite Augusta, is a belfry and steeple, and is built of brick, stuccoed bridge over the Savannah river, which serves to in imitation of granite. The architecture is mod- facilitate the intercourse with a part of South ern gothic, of which many specimens now exist in Carolina. our country, in churches and other buildings, to which the peculiarities of its style are adapted. There is something more pleasant to the beholder, in its somewhat fantastic variety, than in the severe and simple beauty of the Grecian architecture. The two buildings in front of the Ly-hospital, two markets, six houses of public ceum, on each side of the gateway, likewise belong to the establishment, and are constructed in a similar style with the principal edifice.

CITY-HALL, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.

Augusta has wide streets, intersecting one another at right angles, and ornamented with trees. The houses are mostly of brick, and many of them are spacious and elegant. The public buildings are an academy, a court-house, a theatre, a worship, and the city-hall. The latter is a handsome edifice; and a correct view of it is here given. Augusta is situated favorably for trade. Upward of one hundred thousand bags of cotton are deposited here annually, and conveyed hence down the river, to Savannah and Charleston, for the northern and European markets.

The state of Georgia has greatly increased in population within a few years. Milledgeville is the 4 seat of government, but many towns are much AUGUSTA is a flourishing city in Georgia, situa- larger and more populous. Savannah has fifteen ted on an elevated plain, on the southwest side or sixteen thousand inhabitants, and is the princi of the river Savannah, which divides Georgia pal seaport. A college has lately been establishfrom South Carolina. It is in a westnorthwest ed at Athens, by the name of Franklin college: direction from Charleston, at the distance of one and there is a law for an academy in every hundred and thirty-eight miles. From the city county. An increased attention is paid to edu of Savannah, at the mouth of the river, it is one cation in the State, and it has a large school hundred and twenty-three miles, and in a north-fund. Far the greater part of the people are northwest direction; and it is eighty-seven miles employed in agriculture; cotton and rice are the eastnortheast, from Milledgeville, the capital of staples of Georgia.

HARTFORD CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS., and soothe and appease the morbid fancies and

RETREAT FOR THE INSANE.

feelings of the patient, whose faculties are not sunk below or raised above the sphere of relations that originally existed. And if he is not beyond the reach of genial sensations, connected with external objects, he will undoubtedly feel the conscious evidence that this situation most happily unites the tranquillizing influence of seclusion and retirement, with the cheering effect of an animated picture of active life, continually passing in review before his eyes, while himself is remote, and secure from the annoyance of its bustle and noise.

THIS Institution is situated on a commanding eminence, at the distance of a mile and a quarter, in a southwesterly direction, from the State House in Hartford. The elevation overlooks an ample range of fertile country, presenting, on every side, a most interesting landscape, adorned with every beauty of rural scenery, that can be found in rich and cultivated fields, and meadows of unrivalled verdure; in extensive groves, and picturesque groups of forest, fruit and ornamental trees; and The edifice for the accommodation of the paabove all, in the charming diversity of level, slo-tients, and those who have the care of them, is conping and undulating surfaces, terminated by distant hills, and more distant mountains.

The city of Hartford is conspicuously seen on the left, and in different directions, five flourishing villages, rendered nearly continuous by numerous intervening farm-houses. On the east, the prospect is enlivened by the perpetual passing and repassing of carriages and travellers, on the two principal thoroughfares of the country that extend along the front of the building, one at the distance of fifty or sixty rods, the other within three-fourths of a mile. Still farther eastward, but within a mile and a half, the prospect is frequently enlivened by the splendid show of passing steamboats, and the white sails of various watercraft, plying up and down the Connecticut, which is distinctly seen in many long windings. This site was selected as one pre-eminently calculated to attract and engage the attention,

structed of unhewn free-stone, covered with a white, water-proof cement. Its style of architecture is perfectly plain and simple, and interests only by its symmetrical beauty, and perhaps by the idea it impresses of durability and strength, derived from the massy solidity of its materials, yet notwithstanding these, its general aspect is remarkably airy and cheerful, from the amplitude of its lights, and the brilliant whiteness of its exterior. The whole building is divided into commodious, and spacious apartments, adapted to various descriptions of cases, according to their sex, nature and disease, habits of life, and the wishes of their friends. The male and female apartments are entirely separated, and either sex is completely secluded from the view of the other. Rooms are provided in both male and female apartments, for the accommodation of the sick, where they are removed from any annoyance,

and can continually receive the kind attentions | AMERICAN ASYLUM FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB of their immediate relations and friends. Attach- THE American Asylum for the education and ed to the building are about seventeen acres of instruction of deaf and dumb persons, was foundexcellent land, the principal part of which is laid ed by an association of gentlemen in Hartford, out in walks, ornamental grounds and extensive Conn., in 1815. Their attention was called to this gardens. With each wing and block of the important charity, by a case of deafness in the building is connected a court yard, encompassed family of one of their number. An interesting by high fences, and handsomely laid out, design- child of the late Dr. Cogswell, who had lost her ed to afford the benefits of exercise, pastime, and hearing at the age of two years, and her speech fresh air to those who cannot safely be allowed soon after, was, under Providence, the cause of to range abroad. its establishment. Her father, ever ready to Connected with the Institution, there are horses sympathize with the afflicted, and prompt to reand carriages, which are appropriated exclusively lieve human suffering, embraced in his plans for to the benefit of the patients, and which afford the education of his own daughter, all who might them much pleasant exercise and amusement. be similarly unfortunate. The co-operation of The male patients frequently employ themselves the benevolent was easily secured, and measures in the garden, and amuse themselves at the backgammon board, draughts, and the like. The female patients employ themselves in sewing, knitting, drawing, painting, playing on the piano, and other amusements. The various exercises and amusements are adapted to the age, sex, and former habits of the patients, and in all cases the two sexes are kept entirely separate. There is a library in the Retreat, composed of light and agreeable works, and several periodicals and newspapers are constantly taken, for the perusal of which the inmates manifest much fondness. On the sabbath, those that are in a proper condition, are taken to church, and unite in religious worship. Every thing connected with the Institution, is designed to make it a pleasant and agreeable resi

dence for all the inmates.

were taken to obtain from Europe a knowledge of the difficult art, unknown in this country, of teaching written language through the medium of signs, to the deaf and dumb. For this purpose, the Rev. T. H. Gallaudet visited England and Scotland, and applied at the Institutions in those countries for instruction in their system; but meeting with unexpected difficulties, he repaired to France, and obtained, at the Royal Institution at Paris, those qualifications for an instructer of the deaf and dumb, which a selfish and mistaken policy had refused him in Great Britain. Accompanied by Mr. Samuel Clerc, himself deaf and dumb, and for several years a successful teacher under the Abbe Sicard, Mr. Gallaudet returned to this country in August, 1816. The Asylum had, in May preceding, been incorporated by the State Legislature. Some months were spent by Messrs. Gallaudet and Clerc in obtaining funds for the benefit of the Institution, and in the spring of 1817, the Asylum was opened for the reception of those for whom it was designed, and the course of instruction commenced with seven pupils.

As the knowledge of the Institution extended, and the facilities for obtaining its advantages were multiplied, the number of pupils increased from seven to one hundred and forty, which for several years past has not been much above the average number: and since its commencement in 1817, instruction has been imparted to four hundred and seventy-seven deaf and dumb persons, ir cluding its present inmates.

This Institution commenced its operations on the first of April, 1824, under the immediate charge of the late Eli Todd, M. D. He pursued a course of medical and moral treatment which has been crowned with a success, second to no other similar public Institution of which we have any knowledge. The same system of management has been adopted by his successor, Silas Fuller, M. D. recently of Columbia, and has also been attended with similar success. Dr. Fuller has for many years had the charge of a private establishment for the insane, and has been distinguished for his success in treating this afflictive disease. The general system of moral treatment in this Institution is, to allow the patients all the liberty and indulgences consistent with their own In 1819, Congress granted the Institution a safety and that of others; to cherish in them the township of land in Alabama, the proceeds of sentiment of self-respect; to excite an ambition which have been invested as a permanent fund. for the good will and respect of others, to draw The principal building, of which our cut is a out the latent sparks of natural and social affec- front view, was erected in 1820, and the pupila tion; and to occupy their attention with such removed to it in the spring of the following year. employments and amusements, as shall exercise It is one hundred and thirty feet long, fifty feet their judgment, and withdraw their minds as much wide, and, including the basement, four stories as possible from every former scene and every high. Other buildings have been subsequently former companion; and give an entire change to erected, as the increasing number of pupils made the current of their recollection and ideas. By it necessary; the principal of which is a dining-hall pursuing this course, together with a judicious and workshops for the male pupils. Attached to system of medication, many "of these once misthe Institution are eight or ten acres of land which erable beings, cut off from all the 'linked sweet- afford ample room for exercise and the cultivation ness' of conjugal, parental, filial, and fraternal en- of vegetables and fruits for the pupils. joyment, are now restored to the blessings of health, to the felicities of affection, and to the capacity of performing the relative duties of domestic and social life."

The system of instruction adopted at this Insti tution is substantially the same as that of the French school at Paris. It has however been ma terially improved and modified by Mr. Gallaudet

and his associates. This system, and indeed A STRANGE SENTENCE.-Galignani's (Paris) Mesevery other rational system of teaching the deaf senger gives the following: The government, a and dumb, is based upon the natural language of few years ago, left to three criminals condemned to death, the choice of dying on the gallows, or adoptsigns. By this we mean those gestures which a deaf and dumb person will naturally use to ex-ing the following conditions:-The first was to take press his ideas, and make known his wants pre- tea, the second coffee, and the third chocolate, and to live as long as they could, but were to eat nothing vious to instruction. These gestures or signs are rather pictorial, that is, an exact outline of the ob- with either; these conditions were eagerly accepted. ject, delineated by the hands in the air; or descrip- The last, who took chocolate, died in eight months: he who took coffee, lived two years; and the tea tive, giving an idea of an object by presenting drinker survived three years. The man who took some of its prominent and striking features; or chocolate died in a state of complete decomposition, conventional, such as may have been agreed upon by a deaf and dumb person and his associates and so much eaten by worms, that, during his life, his limbs separated one by one from his body. The As there are very few objects which can pressed with sufficient clearness by the delineation man who drank coffee was so disfigured after his of their outline alone, a descriptive sign is usually had burnt his entrails, and calcined him from head to connected with it. Thus in making the sign for

be

ex

death that one would have said that the fire of heaven

a book, the outline is first delineated by the fore-foot. The tea drinker became so thin and almost finger of both hands. To this is added the descrip- diaphanous, that it was perfectly easy, with a candle finger of both hands. To this is added the descrip- in one's hand, to read a newspaper through his bo tive signs of opening the book, placing it before

the eyes, and moving the lips as in reading. It dy by the intervals that separated the ribs!" may therefore simplify the classification of natural eigns if the first two divisions be united; and it The modest deportment of those who are truly will be sufficiently accurate to say that all the signs used by the deaf and dumb, are either de-wise, when contrasted with the assuming air of signs used by the deaf and dumb, are either de- the ignorant, may be compared to the different scriptive or conventional. appearances of wheat, which, while its ear is empty, holds up its head proudly, but as soon as

Do not bite at the bait of pleasure till you know it is filled with grain, bends modestly down, and there is no hook beneath it.

withdraws from observation.