source in the future. We heartily agree with Mr. Oslund that this field of education should be more fully explored by weights and measures officials; not only through the regular channels of the motion-picture industry but to the extent of producing special educational films ourselves. Surveying the potentialities of weights and measures education, the field seems almost unlimited. We all agree that weights and measures officials have the most valuable "bill of merchandise" in the form of "service and protection" which can possibly be offered the people of this Nation today. We also admit that we have unlimited opportunities to sell our wares to the people. The questions are (1) Why haven't we done it? and (2) Are we going to continue to sleep at the switch? Your Committee is not making a series of definite recommendations for a program for the ensuing year, as we feel that this should be left to the incoming Committee, but we do feel that the educational phase of our work is most important, and since all letters which have been received by the Committee have requested that the Committee be continued, we do want to recommend that this Conference go on record as favoring the continuation of this Committee as a permanent part of the Conference, and that the President of the Conference be instructed to appoint the personnel of the Committee from year to year. We also want to recommend that the weights and measures officials throughout the Nation cooperate whole-heartedly with the Committee, helping them to make their plans for the coming year and helping them to execute these plans after they have been made. Any program we undertake must have the wholehearted cooperation and complete support of each individual, if success is to be expected. In these trying times, we know of no other one thing which would tend more to strengthen our Nation and to build up a solidarity unknown among other Nations of the world, than would the active encouragement of honesty and fair dealing in every industry, thus helping to promote and establish confidence among the entire citizenship of this land. After listening to Mr. Reck's talk yesterday, I know that we all realize that the Consumer Division of his organization is willing and anxious to cooperate with weights and measures officials in a comprehensive educational program throughout the Nation. This is an opportunity of which we certainly should avail ourselves. When we go home from this Conference each one of us should take advantage of the first opportunity to become acquainted with the local defense committees and begin working on that program. I hope that everyone here will bear in mind the invitation to cooperate with the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply. Finally, let us say that we have a big job ahead of us. Let us do it well through education. This report is respectfully submitted by your entire Committee on Education. (Signed) W. S. BUSSEY, Chairman, H. G. BOUTELL, M. A. HUBBARD, A. J. JENSEN, Committee on Weights and Measures Education. Mr. FULLER. This Committee is certainly doing a fine job. It is a great deal of work to get out the material that they have been getting out, and this has certainly been helpful to everyone who has received it. If they are willing to accept the assignment and if it is in order, I wish to move that this Committee be continued for another year. (The motion was seconded, the question was taken, and the motion was agreed to.) MR. A. J. JENSEN. Mr. Bussey said that we did not have any national article published. I may say that I wrote a 2,000-word article which I prepared from the writings of Mr. Bussey, Mr. Snyder, Mr. Williams, and Mr. Hubbard. This was printed by the "Grain and Feed Review," which is a national publication having a wide distribution among grain and seed dealers in the United States, and I understand that they distributed about thirty thousand copies. Shortly before I left home I received a request that they be permitted to reprint 10,000 additional copies. MR. SPINKS. I may add that the "Farm Journal," which has a very large circulation, has carried a number of articles on weighing and measuring. Also, last week I was in Kentucky, and it appeared that every paper in the State was carrying stories and pictures of what they are doing there in the way of testing scales. It appears that if weights and measures officials will make a determined effort they can get material printed in the newspapers and trade journals; the job can be done if we will only take the time and expend the energy. to do it. THE CHAIRMAN. Referring to educational efforts, we had a disappointing experience with motion pictures. We prepared a film of about 800 feet, but we found that we could not keep up with the film and give the people as much information as we desired. So now we have a group of 95 slides and a projector which we take to various meetings showing as many of the slides as we think appropriate for the particular audience. Using slides, we can talk as long as desired about any one view, and we have found this more satisfactory than motion pictures. MR. BUSSEY. In explanation of the report of the Committee on Education, I wish to say that our thought was not to take credit for having brought about the publication of an article in a magazine having national distribution, and we did not classify trade journals in the category of the national magazines which we had in mind when our original proposal was made. No doubt there have been published a number of articles in magazines having national distribution, but the Committee regrets to say that we ourselves cannot take credit for this. THE CHAIRMAN. You will remember that last year there was referred to the Committee on Weights and Measures Education the assignment of developing a National Conference emblem suitable to be worn as a lapel button. Mr. Bussey is now prepared to report upon this matter. NATIONAL CONFERENCE EMBLEM A Supplementary Report of the Committee on Weights and Measures Education, Presented by W. S. BUSSEY, Chairman The Committee have thoroughly investigated the matter of an emblem to be worn by members of the National Conference in the form of a lapel button; from suggestions received from different sources we have selected a design which we wish to submit for your consideration, and for your approval or disapproval, as you see fit. (See fig. 17.) The upper portion and the sides of the emblem are to be finished in 10-karat yellow gold, and the lower central portion will be inlaid with a red background. FIGURE 17.-National Three sizes were considered. The first one was believed by the Committee to be too large; the next one submitted was so small that there was a question about the legibility of the lettering. The third sketch was a compromise between the first and second in size and appears to the Committee to be satisfactory in this respect. [At this point there was circulated among those present at the Conference a full-sized color drawing of the proposed emblem.] We have a price of $1.25 each on these emblems on an order of 100. On a larger order the price would be somewhat less. We first thought of purchasing 100 of these emblems and having them available here at the Conference, but on second thought we believed it better to present the design to the Conference for final action before any of the emblems were ordered. If the design meets with your approval, it is our present suggestion that all those who care to procure the emblems place their orders with the Treasurer of the Conference, paying him in advance $1.25 for each emblem ordered, the emblems to be mailed to the purchaser as soon as they are delivered from the manufacturer. We have been asked whether the emblem should be available only to active weights and measures members of the Conference and whether it should also be available to associate members. Your committee has not attempted to decide that question, believing that it is one which the Conference itself should decide. MR. FULLER. I think the emblem is very attractive and is something which we have wanted for a good many years. I move that we accept this as our official emblem button. (The motion was seconded.) MR. O'KEEFE. I think "Washington, D. C." should be added to the design. Mr. BUSSEY. We have already experienced diffculty in finding room for the lettering which is already provided for. We had to accept an emblem somewhat larger than we really wanted in order to accommodate the lettering already shown. If more lettering is added, I believe we shall have to accept a larger emblem. Mr. O'KEEFE. I have no objection to anything the Committee wants to do. But we might let this matter lie over for one or two days so that we can all talk it over. Mr. BOUTELL. It seems to me that it would be rather unfortunate to put the name Washington, D. C., in quotation marks on the emblem. As I understand it, this organization is a continuing organization, and it is conceivable that at some time it might meet at some other place than Washington. Mr. ENGELHARD. Is the privilege of wearing the emblem to be confined to people who attend the Conference here in Washington, to those who are present today, to others who may attend next year, or is any weights and measures official who subscribes to what the National Conference on Weights and Measures stands for to be considered entitled to wear the emblem? The CHAIRMAN. The Committee has not decided that question, and I know of no rule having been laid down as to who shall be entitled to wear the emblem; as I recall last year's motion, this was simply to the effect that an emblem be developed which members of the National Conference could wear. If that is the way the motion was worded, I think any member of the National Conference who is in attendance this year or who was in attendance at any previous year should be entitled to buy and wear the emblem. Mr. R. W. SMITH. May I interject the thought that we have always considered any active weights and measures official of the United States to be, ex officio, a member of the National Conference on Weights and Measures? Certainly, if any weights and measures official subscribes to the principles which this Conference stands for, I believe he should be entitled to wear one of these emblems as a member of the National Conference, even though circumstances may have prevented him from ever attending one of our meetings. Such a person might be able to come next year or a year later. Mr. ENGLEHARD. I think Mr. Smith's remarks express the original intention. For instance, in New Jersey we have ninety-odd, bona-fide weights and measures officials, and there are 22 of them here today. Our officials do subscribe to the principles of the National Conference and I am sure that many others who are not here today would like to wear the Conference emblem. If Mr. Fuller and his second will accept the amendment, I think it would be appropriate to include in that motion the thought that the emblem may be worn by any bona-fide weights and measures official; if the Conference wishes to do so, associate members might also be included. The CHAIRMAN. Personally, I think the emblem should be available to any weights and measures official in the country but this is a matter which the Conference should decide. However, we should first adopt an emblem before deciding who can wear it. Mr. BAUCOM. I wish to offer a substitute motion that we defer action on this until tomorrow morning. (The motion was seconded.) Mr. JENSEN. Much thought and work went into the design of this emblem, and I think it is one which every weights and measures official will be proud to wear. I would like to have this question settled now, because our program is heavy and we have much yet to do. The CHAIRMAN. We now have before us an original motion which was seconded and a substitute motion which has been seconded. I think we must first call for a vote on the original motion which is to accept this emblem. (The question was taken by a voice vote; upon the call of the Chairman those opposed to the motion were asked to rise, after which the Chair declared the motion carried. The National Conference thus adopted as its official emblem the design proposed by the Commmittee on Weights and Measures Education.) THE MANUFACTURE OF PRECISION GLASSWARE By J. J. MORAN, Technical Manager, Sales Department, Kimble Glass Co. The manufacture of laboratory glassware in this country before 1914 was restricted mostly to special research pieces, and to a very limited number of other items which were of such character and were used in such quantities that semiautomatic methods of production could be used for at least some of the operations. Upon the outbreak of war in 1914, imports became impossible to obtain and a very serious shortage soon appeared. Stocks in the hands of importers and users were practically exhausted by the summer of 1915. Due to insistent demands, several of the larger glass manufacturers undertook to supply the necessary requirements. A few companies had been making Babcock fat-testing glassware for the dairy industry and pharmaceutical graduates for druggists. With experience in calibrating methods thus acquired, the development of a full line of volumetric apparatus and tubing products was begun. Time was required, however, to teach the necessary personnel and work out satisfactory manufacturing procedures, so that the shortage was not completely overcome until late in 1918. You will see that this took a period of 3 years. After the war was over, imports began to recapture the American market. But the essential nature of the domestic industry, particularly in its relation to national defense, had been conclusively shown, and a sufficient tariff was provided in 1922. When a general tariff revision was made again in 1929, protection for the domestic industry was retained. How farsighted the Congress was has been demonstrated in the past 20 months. The present European conflict has created no shortage, and the very few items not being made here in 1939 have already begun to appear on the market in quantity. The organized industry has easily designed the necessary machinery and provided the additional facilities for manufacture. If there had been no domestic industry in 1939, conditions would have been much worse than in 1914. Industry has replaced ruleof-thumb methods by precise control, and the health of the civilian and military population is guarded by innumerable laboratory workers. The national-defense program could not proceed without laboratories. Scientific apparatus would have been the greatest "bottleneck" of all. The glasses used in laboratory apparatus are divided usually into two classes, soda-lime and borosilicate, although the better soda glasses contain some boron, and the borosilicates, some alkali. Sometimes these types are also called "soft" and "hard," taken from the glassblowers' habit of classifying glasses according to the ease with which they can be softened by heat. |