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THE ORACLE

Is regularly sold by the following newsagents, from whom back numbers can generally be obtained. Any newsagent, however,

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J. D. Stones,Stone's Buildings
W. Lloyd, 14, Canon Street.
Mrs. Davies,17,Commercial St.
J. M. Parr, 33, Canon Street.
W. & W. Lindsay, Market St.
R. V. Holton, Lombard Street
Messrs. H. W. & A. J. Freeland
E. Cropper, Warrington St.
R. J. Harris, Burnley Road.
E. Jarvis, Hartley.

John W. Ambrose, Bookseller.
J. Robb and Co., Castle Place.
Messrs. W. H. SMITH & SON,
Railway Station.

G. Hewiett, Market Place.
J. C. Aston, Smallbrook St.
W. Knowles, 35, Lark Hill,
Eswardas & Co., Ramwady Rd.

J. Law, Dudley Hill.

W. Draper, 151, Manchester Rd

will supply "THE ORACLE" to order.

E:..

LONDON E.C.

E. A. Jowett, Commercial Blds. LONDON, S.W..

J. Beal and Co., 55, East St.

G. Beal, 207, Western Road.

D. Franks, 8, Baker Street.

K. Forse, 36, Park Street.

W. S. Clark, 32, Triangle.

J. Thompson, 5, Prospect Pl.
S. H. Parker.

J. Nuttall and Co., Market St.
E. Wood.

J. Hill & Son, 198, Bolton St.
D. Badger.

D. N. Ghosh and Co., Central
Library, 57, College Street.
W. R. Linsdell, 46, King St.
T.W.Arthur&Co.,71,EnglishSt
S. Goverd, Bailey Hill.

G. W. Golding, 5, Tindal St.
F. Gastrell, 14, Suffolk Parade
Miss White, 9, Winchcombe St.
T. W. Jones, Northgate Street
W. H. Smith and Son.
J.Siddall& Son, Advertiser Office
E. & S. Brackett, High Street
W.E.Goulden, Sheepmarket St.
T. Landell, Addiscombe Road.
G. Darby, 106, High Street.
E. Wain, 8, High St. Terrace,
Lower Addiscombe Road.

E. D.Walker, West Brook Blds.
G. T. Foster, Bondgate.

T.E. Gedge, High St. & Park St
H. F. Bull, 4, St. John's Street
K. Dron, Bookseller.

J. T. Atwood, 5, Priory Place
E. Cartwright.

J.E.Samuel,18,Lower Union St

M. H. Gill and Son, 50, Upper
Sackville Street.

W. H. Smith and Son, 79 and
80, Middle Abbey Street.
W. Kidd, 112, Nethergate.
Brooker London Road.
W.H.Smith & Son, R'ly. Station
Menzies & Co., 12, Hanover St.
J. Barry, 18, Goldsmith Street
W. & R. Holmes, St Enoch's Sq
A. Wilson, 105, London Street
T. C. Goulding, 18, Eastgate St.
J. Beard, 51, Westgate Street.
B. Holmes, 68, North Street.
R. H. Smith, 3, Railway Place.
R. H. Smith, Library, High St.
J. Sheppard.

W. Cooke, 8, Bull Green.
Parkin Bros.

S.E.

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W. J. Walker, 24, Tacket St.

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W. H. Rowe, 27, Queen Street.

KIDDERMINSTER

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J. Caswell, 50, Oxford Street.

LEAMINGTON

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J. Beck, 76, The Parade.

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HORSHAM

IPSWICH

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Heathfield, George Street.

W. Davis, 31, Market Street.

B. Summersgill, 11 and 56, Covered Market.

W. H. Holyoak, 75, Humber

stone Gate.

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J. R. Rowe and Son, Granby Street.

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Jas. Woolard, 54, Castle St.

N.W.

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A. J. Harker, 14, Everton Road

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W. S. Cooke, 47, Park Place. H. W. Mardon.

LIVERPOOL

LITTLEHAMPTON

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(W. Marshall & Son,125,Fleet St. F. Jones, 8, London St., Mark Ln. G. Bates, 14, Broadway, Ludgate F. Grigg, 75, Fetter Lane. [Hill. P. Grove, 2, Leathersellers' Buildings, London Wall.

G. R. Hanson, 111, Roman Road,| Victoria Park.

Jenkinson, 1, Shoe Lane.

C. Berry, 18, Leadenhall Market
H. O'Connell, 20, Dartmouth
Street, Westminster

Simpson, 8, Shoe Lane.
Waite, Albert Gate.

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Stevens & Co., 14, Duke Stree Grosvenor Square. Holmes, Mayfair. Pike, Mayfair.

Wade, High Street, Kensington

Thomas, Earl's Court Road.
Crawley, Earl's Court Road,
Higson, Earl's Court Road.
Negus, Charles Street.
Bridge, Sherwood Street.
Mulcock, Charlotte Street.
Robinson, Castle Street.
Newton, Great Portland Street.
Caxton, Great Portland Street-
Hamp, Frances Street, Totten.
ham Court Road.
Phillips, Store Street, Tottenham
Court Road.

Holmes,Chapel Place, Oxford St.
Shaw, Davis Street.

Abbott, Davis Street.

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[Rd.

Pearce, 155, Westminster Bridge

Knowles, Crown Court, StJames s

Wans, Fulham Road.
Davis, Fulham Road.

H. Clark, 85, Wells Street,
Camberwell.

Lloyd, Southampton Street.
Welsh, Abbey St., Bermondsey.
Jeffrey, Bermondsey Square.
Weedon, 808, Albany Road.
Hawkes, Walworth Road.
Allen, Southampton Street.
Harsant, Stamford Street
Poulden, York Road.
Hone, Waterloo Road.
Putticombe, Waterloo Road.
Browne, Waterloo Road.
Frances, Oakley Street.

Pocock, Westminster Bridge Rd.

Shroll, Kennington Road.

Hague, Kennington Road.

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Wilson Kennington Road.

King, Kennington Road.

Buckmaster, Newington Butts. Mather, Walworth Road.

Allin, Walworth Road.

Fisher, Walworth Road.
Pink, Camberwell Gate.
Lane, Camberwell Road.
Browne, Camberwell Road.
Yeldham, Camberwell Road.
Morris, Camberwell Green.
Axford, High Street, Peckham.
Holt, Denmark Hill.
Snelling, Old Kent Road.
Williams, Old Kent Road.
Blake, Great Dover Street
Willis, Great Dover Street.
Wright, Great Dover Street.
Tapping, Great Dover Street.
Rushworth, Endell Street.
Cox, 78, Drury Lane.

G. Hebard, 49, Endell Street.
Jones, 86, Broad Street.
Dumville, 58, Museum Street.
Stocks, Mount Pleasant.
T. Sobey, 26, Red Lion Street.
H. Vickers, 317, Strand.
Curtice, Catherine Street.
Smith, 14, Cursitor Street.

J. Rayner, 2,Devereux Ct, Strand
Parnell, Southampton Row.

Davis, Southampton Row.
Nye, Theobald's Row.

Langton, Theobald's Road.
Plummer, Theobald's Road.
Vernon, Lamb's Conduit Street.
Robins, Red Lion Street.
Kelly, Gray's-Inn Gateway.
J. Locke, Exeter Street.
Atkinson, Bear St, Leicester Sq.
Perks, St. Martin's Lane.
Bodington, Rochester Terrace.
Wilkins, Rochester Terrace.
B. Dobell, 62, Queen's Crescent,
Haverstock Hill.

W. Gee, 56, High St., Islington.
T. Bell, 141, St. John's Road.
Mrs. Stevens, 823, Goswell Road.
J Kensit, 114, East Rd., City Rd
Mrs. Wade, High St.,Kensington.

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Lewis, Mount Street.

Bingham, Chapel Street.

Joliffe, Edgware Road.

Jackson, Albion St., Hyde Park.
Pitman, Silver Street,

Robins, Norfolk Terrace, West-
bourne Grove.
Williams, Hereford Road.
Lambert, Royal Oak.
Bell, Porchester Terrace.
Key, Bishop's Road.
King, Spring Street.

Ballard, Praed Street.
Toler, Praed Street.

Robins, Chapel Street, Edgware
Road.

Johnson, Crawford Street.
Beddington, Notting Hill Gate.
Mrs. Boulton, 204, High Street.
W.H.Webberley, 60, Market St.
J. Howard, Stafford Street.
J. Mathews, Newsagent.
J. Heywood, John Dalton St.
Heywood & Son, 58, Oldham St.
H. Steinwender, 88, Oxford St.
W. H. Smith and Son, 1, New
Brown Street.

E. Howe, 20A, London Road.
Messrs. Armstrong, 85, Picca.
dilly.

[Office.

J. Williams, "Tyst A'r Dydd"
John Johnson, 16, Linthorpe.

J. A. Grier, Bookseller.

John Cochrane, Westgate Rd.
E. A. Hedley, Westgate Road
J. Bates, Drapery,

H. C. Thompson, Magdalen St.
H. Chetham, 3, Station St.
J. Pike, 151, Broad Street.
E. Andrews.

[Corner. John Worthington, Town Hall PONTARDAWE (S. Wales) Williams, Brecon Rd.&HerbertSt. READING

..

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WOLVERHAMPTON

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G. Lovejoy, Southern Counties
Library.

W. Howe, 25, Toad Lane.
Mr. Pearson, Pt-Office, Pinfold.
Fred. Slack, 27, High Street.
A. G. Perring, Bookseller, &c.
Lumby and Co., 17, Above Bar.
J. McAskie, 279, Somers Road.
G. Slater, 54, Snig Hill.

R. Green, Norman Road.
M. Whittaker, S. Colonnade.
T. Chester.

E.E.Rowse & Co., 12, Castle Sq.

W. G. Winton.

J. Powell, 18, Mardol.

Francis Pile, 10, East Street.
M. S. Marsh.

H. Nye, Grosvenor Road.
Whiting and Son, Printers.
Medley, High Street.

D. Brimley, Bridge Street.
H. T. Cooke and Son.
Wm. Britten.

W. R. Thompson, bookseller.
W. Pagen, 1, Market Place

T. Wall, Observer Office.

W. Mansell, 32, Dudley St.
A. Whiteman, 11, Sidbury.

D. Lambe, "Free Press" Office.
W. Garrat Jones, 1, Church St
Bayley & Co., Paxton Buildings
R. Gilbertson, Sampson Sq.

The Publisher will be pleased to appoint an agent for the sale of "THE ORACLE" in any town not represented. whose names do not appear in this list, can have their names inserted by communicating with the Publisher. A Contents Bill will be sent to any newsagent, post free, every week, on application.

Printed and Published by HENRY JOHN INFIELD, 160, Fleet Street, London, E.C.

Agents,

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THE plan advocated by The Methodist has long been
seen to have its advantages, but they are addressed to
an intermediate class. In the very young, knowledge
of the structure of language is wanting, and the com-
parisons presented by their native and a foreign tongue
have to be pointed out, or they cannot be made use of.
And information has to be continually tested and
repeated, so that progression from thing to thing is
constantly checked. On the other hand, the man of
mature age, who is acquiring a new language with a
definite purpose, will generally direct his course of
reading as soon as possible into that groove, or, if that
should chance to be technical and difficult, will find a
stepping-stone in what is interesting to himself
HO

personally. But, where the direct object is to gain

the mastery of a language for itself, the scheme is

excellent, though sometimes the fable, and other

natural forms, just because natural, and conformed to the

genius of the tongue, are highly idiomatic.

believe that if one will fairly try, the continuous PAMPHLETS POST FREE

reading of a rather full grammar will be found

interesting, when a tolerable acquaintance is obtained

with the speech of which it is the grammar. It is the

same sort of pleasure which an Englishman may feel on

reading for the first time such a work as Archbishop

Trench on the "Study of Words." For French on this

system the following books, with any of M. Sandeau's

works, especially the third, fourth, and last, would do

under "a" :--

Anecdotes and Stories in French, interspersed with epigrammes,
hona-mots, &c.; with an explanation of the difficult words, &c.,
edited by Mariot de Beauvoisin (1/6).
Bellenger's One Hundred Choice Fables in French, imitated from
La Fontaine, with dictionary, &c. (1/6).

Aventures d'une Chatte, Ecrites par elle-même, par Malle. C.

Wislez (1/6).

F. J. Stahl, Les quatres peurs de notre général (Paris, 1881).
Mme. Henry Gréville, Les degrés de l'échelle (Paris, 1881).

L. Chambard's Fables choisies a l'usage des enfants, avec une
dictionnaire anglais, par Piquot (2/-).

J. Felix, Vingt-deux Histoirettes amusantes, Paris (2/6).

F. Louis, French Poetry for Children, London (2/6)

L' Tournier, Les Premiers Chantes, Paris (2/6).

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F. E. A. Gasc, Histoires amusantes et instructives, or, selections
of complete stories from the best French modern authors
who have written for the young, London (2/6).

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Languages" in Contemporary Review, November, 1877;
Canon Barry on "The Good and Evil of Examination,'
in Nineteenth Century, April, 1878; several papers in
the Quarterly Journal of Education; and as to over-
work, in the medical journals (see Dr. Neal's Digest);
Reports of H. M.'s Commissioners on Oxford, 1852, and
on Cambridge, 1854; Prof. Seeley on "Liberal Educa-
tion in Universities," in "Essays on a Liberal Educa-
tion," edited by Canon Farrar (1867); Dr. Carpenter's
"Mental Physiology," and the last division of Mr.
Herbert Spencer's Education: intellectual, moral
and physical." Beyond doubt, however, the principal
M. A., "On the action of Examinations considered as a
work we at present have is that by Henry Latham,
means of selection" (London: 1877, p. 554), in which
there is not only considerable research into "Disputa-
tions" and kindred historical subjects, but evidence
of a nice discriminating power, and considerable
generalizing capacity. It is an omission one would be
glad to see remedied, that there is no statistical treat-
ment. The Journal of the Statistical Society has articles
shewing that this is an interesting point. Mr. Latham
is responsible for the article "Examinations" in the
Ency. Brit., and he so digested his own work as to
present an article unaccountably careless and illogical.

Statistics.

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who have been executed, and a list of the crimes for which they

have been executed ?-V.O.X.

WE give below the number of persons who have been
executed in England in each of the years from 1858 to
1879 - 1858, 9; 1859, 7; 1860, 10; 1861, 11; 1862,
17; 1863; 21; 1864, 21; 1865, 6; 1866, 12; 1867,
1873, 9; 1874, 18; 1875, 23; 1876, 21; 1877, 23;
11; 1868, 10; 1869, 8; 1870, 7; 1871, 4; 1872, 10;
The crime in each case was

1878, 15; 1879, 15.

Have simple remedies at hand such as essence of

peppermint, in case of spasms, chlorate of potash for sorc
throats, pepsine for indigestion, and a bottle of brandy

et du Somnambulisme "). The central stimulations are

either automatic excitations of the cerebral regions, or

N. FOWLER, Phrenological Publisher,

The Self-Instructor in Phrenology. as.

La. Imperial Buildings, Late Circus, B.C. else indirect-the nervous connections which answer
to mental associations, providing a vast range of new

Lectures On Man. By L. N. Fowler. 45.

cerebration when once a starting point is reached. Very

many other phases of dreams, and the full develop

ment of those above referred to, or instances supporting

The Phrenological Magazine, a monthly periodi- them, will be found in, beside the works already

cal of Mental Science, Education, and Enter-mentioned, the following:-Dr. Carpenter,

"Mental

Full Catalogues of Phrenological Works on Physiology," ch. 15; M. Taine, "De L'intelligence";
Macnish's "Philosophy of Sleep," Bierre de Boismont
(Les Hallucinations); to Prof. Wimdt's "Physiolo-
gische Psychologie"; Dr. Beattie's "Dissertations,"
Dr. Abercrombie, "Inquiries Concerning Intellectual
Powers"; Cornhill Magazine, Nov., 1876 (by the
author of the art. "Dreams" in the Encyclopædia
Britannica," the plan of which we have borrowed);
Macmillan's Magazine, Nov., 1870, April, 1871 (by Miss
Cobbe); London Review, vol. 1 (art. by Sir William
Molesworth); " Penny Encyclopædia," art. "Dreams";
Psychological Journal, October, 1881; Gentleman's
Magazine, December, 1881; North British Review,
Nov., 1854; "Brand's Popular Antiquities," by Ellis
(a" Dictionary of Dreams "); Mr. Frank Seafield's
"Literature and Curiosities of Dreams," Baxter's
Essay on the Phenomenon of Dreaming," in his
'Inquiry into the Nature of the Human Soul," and

the letters of Mr. Shadow in the eighth volume of

"The Spectator." The subject has been recently

discussed in the present Spectator. The well-known

Perceval dream is referred to in The Oracle, vol. 4,

pages 248 and 361.

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Dreams. Is the person who dreams under the influence of super-

natural power? What is the general opinion of medical and

other learned men on this point ?—J. T. W.

THERE are probably not more than two even approxim-

ately universal characteristics of dreams. These are-

(1) The exclusion from the external world is generally

complete. (2) Any resemblance to waking experience

does not extend to the reproduction of the order of such

experience, e. g., the order of time, space, etc., is con-

fused, and the objects and scenes are apt to assume a

greatly exaggerated intensity. With these as elements

to be covered by any definition of dreams, the theories

of dreaming fall into two main classes-the super-

natural and the natural. But the supernatural-that

which assumes the action of forces unknown to our

waking experience-is seen under two heads, according

as the dream is regarded as the immediate effect of

some reality corresponding to the actual world of our

waking experience, or as it is conceived as a mediate

result depending on the volition of some absent being,

We have, therefore, three views: (a) According to

recent researches, the savage mind regards dreaming as

no less real an objective experience than waking. The

dream-life shapes itself to primitive man as an inter-

course of souls or duplicate selves, co-ordinate,

and of equal reality with, the experience of waking

life (see Mr. E. B. Tylor's "Primitive Culture," vol. 1,

ch. xi; Mr. Herbert Spencer's "Principles of Sociology,"

vol. 1, ch. x., etc.). (b) But even in the savage's con-

ception of dreaming there is room for the thought of a

Divine announcement-by the transmutation of the

second self into a supernatural messenger. The essence

of the dream here lies in the fact that it conveys to

the dreamer something which the Divine personage

wishes him to know. This religious theory of

dreams was the prevailing one among the Oriental

PHYSIOLOGY has its immutable laws; and neither a

peoples, and medieval and even modern theologians.

Hindoo nor anyone else can pass the limits of these.

(c) The scientific view regards dreams as subjective

For instance, apart from that portion of the nervous

phenomena dependent on natural causes. Here the TO ADVERTISING AGENTS.-"The Mex-system which is subservient to the impulses of indi

subject branches out freely. Thus, in regard to the Wath-on-Dearne, and Conisboro Gazette," as a

boro and Swinton Times and Kilnhurst, vidual volition, there is a group of nerves (the 'sympa

relation of dreams to sleep, metaphysicians (Leibnitz, medium of publicity in the great colliery district thetic') whose special province it is, so to speak, to

Kant, Jouffrey, Sir W. Hamilton-contra Locke) have, copy of paper may be had on application to the control and maintain the uninterrupted performance of

in the main, affirmed the continuity of dreams, while publisher, WALTER TURNER, 110, High Street, the processes which are the very essence of animal life;

those who regard mental phenomena (Dr. Carpenter in

and over these nerves, and the fulfilment of their

Todd's " Encyclopedia of Anatomy and Physiology,

functions, the governing intelligence of the individual

contra Sir Henry Holland, Sir Benjamin Brodie) as in-

has no power. No effort of will can directly influence

variably connected with bodily conditions have, for the

the motion of the heart or intestines, or the secretion

most part, viewed dreaming as only an occasional accom-

of any of the glands, and a fortiori no such effort can

paniment of sleep. So as to the conditions and causes

of itself control, injuriously or otherwise, the principle

of dreams metaphysicians have sought to account for

which underlies and directs all vital actions. A

dreaming by some simple theory of a suspension of certain

Vigorous and energetic nervous organization may,

mental faculties. And the absence of the normal pro-

possibly, enable its possessor to repel attacks of disease

cesses of volition, especially as involved in attention

to which an ordinary man would succumb, and, con

(Dugald Stewart

versely, it is just possible that lack of energy or

"Elementary Philosophy Human

Mind "; Dr. Darwin “Zoonomia"), is, undoubtedly, a

nervous force may paralyze the existent powers of an

factor in the explanation of dreams; even though the

otherwise fairly good physique; but such instances do

will may not wholly lose its command of the bodily

not bear upon the question as above stated. The

organs (M. Alfred Mauray, "Le Sommeil et les Rêves").

nature of the relation between the vital principle (as it

Other writers have sought to construct a simple theory

is called) and the physical organization is a hopeless

of dreaming by supposing the unimpeded action of

mystery of which the solution by the human reason

some special mental faculty. Among these are

is, probably, about as near as the control of the relation

Cudworth ("Treatise concerning Eternal and Immu-

itself by the human will. But where there is smoke

there is generally some fire, and some facts usually lie at

table Morality"), who holds the coherence of dream-

imaginations to be due to "the phantastical forces of

the root of rumours, however wild or unlikely. Hindoo

the soul"; and Scherner (Das Leben des Traumes), THE SOUTH YORKSHIRE COAL AND IRON monks and religious fanatics frequently subject them-

and Dr. Joh. Volkelt (Die Traum-phantasie) advocates is the best me ium for advertising in one of the selves to the most horrible tortures,

and young

of the very plausible theory that while in waking con-

most important mining and ironworking districts Hindoo women are capable of lying down and burning

sciousness the central force, the ego spontaneity, is enlarged in 1876 to 56 long columns. It is the themselves with composure. So we need not be

supreme-in dreaming, the activity of the ego becomes Union of Rotherham, and has a large circulation surprised to find that such a people have some strange

purely receptive. On the other hand, a simple able reports of local news, and a careful summary

throughout South Yorkshire. Besides full and means of meeting death, and meet it without fear.

physiological theory is that of Hobbes'("Leviathan") of general and Parliamentary intelligence, But, before an apparent impossibility can be credited,

editorials, and comments on important local

that dreams proceed from "the agitation of the inward matters, local Notes and Queries, literary it must be shewn to have been done; and that any

parts of a man's body.' The

selections, and the latest telegrams appear weekly. man has yet been able to lie down and die by an effort

of dream materials leads into similar variety of opinion. TMPORTANT TO ADVERTISERS.

of the will remains to be proved. A man might resort

But, modifying the positions of David Hartley in his PENDENT; Bar head, Paisley, and Neilston

1250. RENFREWSHIRE INDE to an experiment mentioned by Professor Huxley, and

"Observations on Man," the exciting causes may be Weekly Journal. Is published every Friday produce asphyxia and death, by force, with the help

considered as either peripheral or central stimulations. afternoon, and dispatched so as to reach all parts of the diaphragm, as follows:-"If," says the Professor,

of the country by Saturday morning or evening.

Among the former are (a) those which arise from the Contains special, original, and authentic reports on page 102 of "Elementary Physiology" (4/6), “the

of local affairs, with a weekly summary of home

action of external objects on the organs of sensation, and foreign news, paying great attention to lungs being distended, the mouth and nose are closed,
e.g., cold, tickling. (3) Subjective sensations having Terms for advertising are moderate, and pub
literature, with reviews of books, magazines, etc. and a strong expiratory effort is then made, the heart's
a physical basis in certain actions in the peripheral,isher will furnish specimen copies free on appli action may be stopped altogether. And the same result
as well as central, regions of the nerves, called by fous MILLER, Publisher, High Street, Barr-
occurs if, the lungs being partially emptied, and the nose
Mauray "Hypnagogic hallucinations, e.g., visional head, to whom Post Othce orders, bank cheques and mouth closed, a strong inspiratory effort is made. In
images. (7) Impressions coveyed to the brain through
the latter case, the excessive distension of the right
the muscles during sleep, hence the running, struggling,
side of the heart, in consequence of the flow of the
(6) Organic or systemic sensations
heart's action; but, in the former, the reason of the

etc., in dreams.

blood into it, may be the cause of the arrest of the

connected with the varying states of the varying bodily
organs (see M. Macario's "Du Sommeil, des Rêves,
stoppage is not very clear." There is, at least, one

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authenticated case recorded by physiologists (Dr. Geo. Cheyne, in partici

ADVERTISEMENTS.

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Messrs. Longman's New Testament Illustrated

from the Old Masters.

IMPORTANT NOTICE!!
For a short time only, at 35s. per copy.
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mind from the long interment, he said he was willing to

In a third case, narrated by Mr. Braid, the trial was
made under the direct superintendence of a British
officer, a period of nine days having been stipulated for
on the part of the devotee; but this was shortened to
three at the desire of the officer, who feared lest he
uld incur blame if the result was fatal. The
describeu, of the body when first disinterred is
like, and no pulsadances, as having been quite corpse
or in the arteries; the meanho detected at the heart
were, chiefly, warmth to the vertex, cation e
employed
body and limbs. It may be remarked
to the
bility of the protraction of such a state (supposing ti
no deception vitiates the authenticity of the narratives
referred to) can be much better comprehended as
occurring in India, than as taking place in this country;
since the warmth of the tropical atmosphere and soil
would prevent any serious loss of heat, such as must
soon occur in a colder climate, when the processes
whereby it is generated are brought to a stand." In
Wilson's sketch of the religious ceremonies of the
Hindus it is stated that the term Jogi, or Yogi, is
properly applicable to the followers of the Yoga or
Pajantala school of philosophy; who maintain the
possibility of acquiring, even in life, entire command
over elementary matter by means of certain ascetic
privations. The term 'Yoga' signifies the effecting of
a union between a portion of the vital spirit residing in
the body, and that which pervades all Nature, and is
identical with Siva, considered as the Superior Being,
and the source and essence of all creation. When this
mystic union is effected, the Yogi is liberated from his
living body, and regains an entire command over all
worldly substances. He can make himself lighter
than the lightest substances, heavier than the
heaviest; as vast or as minute as he pleases; can
traverse all space; animate any dead body, by
transferring his spirit into it; can render himself
invisible; can attain all objects; become equally
acquainted with the past, present, and future;
and be finally united with Siva, or exempted from
being, like the rest of mankind, born again upon earth.
The practices to enable a disciple of the Yoga school to

able to stop his heart's actionitnessed i.), of a man being THE LONDON LIBRARY be again buried, and for a twelvemonth, if desired. will. Colonel Townsend used to lie effort of his allow a glass of water to be placed on his sternum, and, when he stopped his heart, no motion was observable in the water, and no pulse in the arteries, neither was any vapour deposited on a mirror held before his mouth. We believe he lost his life in one of these experiments. On such abstruse questions of psycho-physiology we do not profess to speak with higher authority than the present leading men of science; and we may be able to throw some light on this matter by quoting from one of the chief among them. In Professor Carpenter's incomparable work on "Physiology" we read, on p. 984: -"It is not a little remarkable that certain individuals have possessed the power of voluntarily inducing this condition [i.e., syncope]. The best-authenticated case of this kind is that of Colonel Townsend. But statements have been recently made respecting the performances of certain Indian Fakeers, which are far more extraordinary; it being demonstrated, if th› assertions are to be credited, that the human organis.n may not only be voluntarily reduced to a state resembling profound collapse, in which there appears to be nearly a complete suspension of all its vital operations, but may continue in that condition for some days, or even weeks, until, in fact, means are taken to produce resuscitation. Another form of apparent death, the existence of which appears to be wellauthenticated, is that sometimes designated as 'trance' or 'catalepsy.'... It is impossible, in the present state of our knowledge, to give any satisfactory account of these states; but some light appears to be thrown upon them by certain phenomena of artificial somnabulism, hypnotic,' or 'mesmeric;' for, in this condition, there is sometimes an extraordinary retardation of the respiratory movements, and of the pulsations of the heart, which, if carried further, would produce a state of complete collapse; and its self-induction is suspected by Mr. Braid to be the secret of the performance of the Indian Fakeers." What these performances were we learn from a note to the above passage :-"See a collection of these cases directly obtained from British officers, who had been eye-witnesses of them in India, by Mr. Braid, in his Observations on Trance, or THE NEW TESTAMENT OF OUR LORD obtain this command over elementary motion, consist Human Hybernation,' 1850. In one of these, vouched for by Sir Claude M. Wade (formerly political agent at the Court of Runjeet Singh), the Fakeer was buried in an underground cell, under strict guardianship, for six weeks; the body had been twice dug up by Runjeet Singh during the period of interment, and had been found in the same position as when first buried." In another case, mentioned by Lieut. Boileau, in his "Narrative of a Journey in Rajwarra in 1835," the man had, by long practice, obtained the power of "holding his breath for a considerable time, first suspending his respiration for a short period, as during the time that one may count fifty, and gradually increasing the intervals to one hundred, two hundred, and so on, as the pearl-divers may be supposed to do; and he is said to possess the power of shutting his month, and, at the same time, stopping the interior opening of the nostrils with his tongue, which latter feat is at times practised as a means of suicide by the negro slaves in the West Indies, when suffering under the lash, and in those cases always ends fatally." Lieut. Boileau tells of a man, about thirty years old, who travelled about the country, to Ajmeer, Katah, etc., and allowed himself to be buried for weeks or months, by any person who paid him handsomely. For some days before his inhumation he abstained from all food, save milk, so that he might not be inconvenienced by the contents of his stomach or bowels. His powers of abstinence must have been wonderful, and it is said his hair ceased to grow. At Pooshikur, this man was put to the test, by an officer, who suspended him for thirteen days enclosed in a wooden box, open to inspection on all sides. The result proved the man was not an impostor. The same man was buried in a walled grave covered with large stone slabs, and strictly guarded. He was exhumed after a ten days' interment, in the presence of credible witnesses. "The appearance of the body was as follows:-Eyes closed, hands cramped and powerless, stomach shrunken, and teeth jammed together so fast that the bystanders were obliged to force open the mouth with an iron instru- AS A ment in order to pour a little water down the throat. He came to his senses gradually, and spoke in a feeble voice, as if weak, but, so far from being distressed in

and Saviour Jesus Christ.
Illustrated with Engravings from the Old
Masters.
(From The Times.)
"This edition of the New Testament is the

finest thing that has ever been done in wood
engraving and no volume of equal artistic merit

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of long-continued suppression of respiration, of inhaling or exhaling the breath in a particular manner, sitting in eighty-four different attitudes, and fixing the eyes on the tip of the nose. In the Ayeen Akbiri, vol. ii., p. 445, the author remarks that he has seen many who has for many years been published in this country. It is a great work, which will hereafter exercise the austerities of the " assum or sitting, and proften cited as one of the masterpieces of the has been astonished how they can make their muscles, printing-press... .It sight to believe that the engravings which embellish nerves, and bones, so obedient to their command. this magnificent work are on wood, the touches are so delicate and the effects so identical with Four, he states, could hold their breath for an those which it has hitherto been thought possible incredible length of time. produce only on steel. the thorough honesty of the work in every page, Every passing month will increase the value of It needs scarcely to be pointed out that the the Work, as no further copies can be obtained. Testament is a very suitable present, for all occasions, but especially for this time of year. AND Co., having purchased the whole of the Post Office Orders and Cheques should be in payable to

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To appreciate

it should be seen through a magnifying glass."

Early applications are requested, as J. BEAL
copies

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There is an account in the

Asiatic Monthly Journal for March, 1829, of a Brahmin
who apparently sat upon air. This trick was equally
Professor Anderson.
well played by one of the daughters of the late

But the Brahmin could also remain under water several hours. So, knowing what the Yogi not only affects to do, but actually does, there is no difficulty in understanding how the natives of India are deceived by appearances, and believe the simulation of death real. In the instance of suspension in air the appearance of the fakir on his regaining terra firma, was that of a sitting corpse, except that there appeared a swelling over the entire scalp; when hot water and cake were applied this disappeared, and he recovered, "just as if his whole life had been collected on the top of his head." Whatever accident caused the death of Col. Townsend, it is possible that he had over his heart the control others have over their lungs, and that he could stop its beating till he fainted, when, without his willing it, it would resume its functions. But it is more probable that he had no such abnormal power over the muscles of his heart, but merely performed the experiment mentioned on page 102 of Huxley's "Physiology." It is strange that a man INDELIBLE should be able to bend back his tongue-tip sufficiently far to "stop the interior opening of his nostrils" with it; but if a West Indian Negro, or an East Indian Fakir, can, by sedulous practice or owing to abnormal physical formation, commit suicide by choking himself with his tongue, or by stopping his heart with the help of his diaphragm, he can no more be said to have died by sheer effort of will, than if he had stabbed himself with a knife. Still such deaths, and simulated deaths as we have mentioned, may well give rise to the notion that Hindoos can die by an effort of will.

Suffolk, Essex, or Cambridgeshire.
Circulates extensively amongst the Nobil I
Gentry, Clergy, and the Legal, Agricultu ra
Shipping, and Commercial Classes throughou

the Eastern Counties.
CHIEF OFFICES: IPSWICH.
CAN BE USED AS

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[The answers to questions in this Department are based upon many years special experience in the book-trade, and therefore afford a means of obtaining information of much value as a guide in the selection and

purchase of books. In justice to ourselves we cannot, as a rule, give publishers' names when books are in print; any works published at not less than 1s., can be obtained through us post free at the published price cheaper pamphlets, &c. (but not periodicals), can be similarly obtai but postage must be paid.] On on building a Dwelling-house Building.-Kindlust of each item-viz., 80 six-roomed house. Ones, staircases, doors, &c.—would be much for sashes, Owner's Estimator, or What will it Cost to Build, Rtor, or Repair? A Price-book adapted to the use of Unprofessional people, as well as the Architectural Surveyor and Builder, by James D. Simon, edited and revised by Francis T. W. Miller. 1881. 3/6 (second hand, earlier edition, 2/6). Edward Dobson's Art of Building, General Principles of Construction, materials used in Building, strength and use of Materials, Working, Drawing Specifications, and Estimates, Illustrated. 2/-.

S. W. Brooks' Rudimentary Treatise on the Erection of Dwellinghouses (prices not given). 2/6.

A. C. Beaton's Quantities and Measurements, Bricklayers', Masons', Plasterers', Plumbers', Painters', Carpenters', Joiners' Work, etc., with Rules for Abstracting and Hints for Preparing a Bill of Quantities. 1/6.

Cottages-How to Arrange and Build them, to ensure comfort, economy, and health, with hints on fittings and furniture, by a Sanitary Reformer (prices not given). 3/6. Laxton's Builder's Price-book. 4/-.

Lockwood's Builder's and Contractor's Price-book. 3/6.

Books of French Correspondence.-Please mention a work containing a collection of letters written in the French language. If with English translation, kindly say 80.-G. G. G. Dunois, Le Secrétaire universal modèles de lettres sur toutes sortes de sujets. 1875. 2/-.

A. Ragon, Class Book of French Commercial Correspondence (French and English). 2/-.

H. J. V. De Candole, General Correspondence (French and English). 2/-.

notes, a Glossary of Commercial terms and a general vocabulary). 8/-.

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Daun and Courviser's French Correspondent (with English NOTESCO," the New Liniment, works through the skin, being for outward application "NOTESCO," the New Liniment, is not poison

T. V. Williams and Jules Lafont, French-English Commercial
Correspondence, a collection of Modern Mercantile Letters, in
French and English. 4/6.

Madame L. Carraud, Lettres de famille ou modèles de style
epistolaire. 1874. 1/2.

E. Degrange's Traite de Correspondence Commerciale. 1874. 5/-.

only.

ous,

"NOTESCO," the New Liniment, contains no

deleterious drug, or anything injurious to the human system.

F. Biscarrat, Nouveau manuel complet du style epistolaire. "NOTESCO.," the New Liniment, is a wonderful

1841. 2/6.

P. Sadler's Art de la correspondence française et anglaise ou recueil de lettres en anglais et fraugais sur toutes sortes de sujets familiers, 2 vols. 1871. 6/-.

Ed. Sommer's Manuel de l'art epistolaire, 2 vols. 1868. 3/6. De Porqnet's Petit secrétaire Parisien. 3/6. English, with French notes, 3/6 (the Key to this is out of print).

A. Spiers' Manuel des termes du commerce anglais-francais et francais-anglais, 4th edition, 4/6.

See also iv., 241.

Dictionaries of Painters.-Can you recommend me a good and cheap history or biography of painters and engravers? I have Bryan's, published in 1816, and should prefer one commencing about that date, and extending to as near the present time as possible.-Rufus.

Sleep-producer. No more restless nights

for Teething nfants.

"NOTESCO," the New Liniment, can be used

for the most tender infant.

"NOTESCO," the New Liniment, is an outward agent only.

Don't forget it works through the skin.
Don't forget to ask your Chemist for

"NOTESCO," the New Liniment, in case of accident; or, better still, have it in the house with you. Our advice is, carry a bottle in your pocket. See London Testimonials.

Ask your Chemist for "NOTESCO," and take no other. If not in Stock, ask him to get it. P.0.0. payable at Vigo Street, W.

Per Bottle.

SEE the Encyclopædias; Cates', and Maunder's Bio-
graphical Dictionaries; and "Men of the Time.'
Several editions of Bryan's "Dictionary of Painters Price, 1s. 1†d., 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., 118., 22s., 33s.
and Engravers" have appeared since 1816. In 1877, a
supplement to Stanley's edition of 1863 was published,
referring to recent and living painters and engravers,
by Henry Ottley (12/-). This can be had. A subse-
quent edition (at £2/2/-) was issued, about 1877. This
is out of print; but second-hand copies are to be had
of both 1863 and 1877 editions. A new edition is now
in course of preparation. There are also-

Cunningham's Dictionary of British Painters, revised to 1880,
by Mrs. Heaton, 3 vols., 3/6 each.
Samuel Redgrave s Dictionary of Artists of the English School,
Painters, Sculptors, Architects, Engravers, and Ornamentists,
with notices of their lives and works, revised to 1878. 16/-.
M. Viardat's History of the Painters of all Schools. 1877. £1/11/6.
Painters of the English School, Georgian era, Hogarth to
Turner, with Biographical notices of the Artists, 4to, 18/-;
Victorian era, Mulready to Landseer, 4to, 18/-.
Illustrated Biographies of the Great Artists, 25 vols. 8/6 each.

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Edmund Yates' Novels in the order he wrote them.-C. J. H. as it not only is an invaluable Specific in all cases EDMUND YATES has of Neuralgia and Rheumatic Gout, removing a written "My Haunts and pimples and unsightly skin diseases but imparts their Frequenters," 1854; "Two Merry Men," 1854 to the skin in hot and dusty weather a most (in conjunction with Mr. F. E. Smedley); "A Con- cooling and invigorative effect. It contains densed Life of Charles Mathews the Elder," and a produces a sound and refreshing sleep. nothing at all deleterious, and if taken internally "Memoir of Albert Smith and Mont Blanc "; "After fact should be remembered when we consider Office Hours,' 1861; "Broken to Harness," 1864; that opium enters largely into the composition of "Business of Pleasure," 1865; "Pages in Waiting,' the majority of the so-called infants' soothing 1865; "Kissing the Rod," 1865; "Land at Last," powders, the disastrous result of which is but 1866; too well-known. We believe it to be the wish of "Running the Gauntlet,' 1867; "Forlorn its inventor and sole proprietor, Mr. A. Z. Ger. Hope," 1867; "Black Sheep," 1867 ; 'Rock Ahead," mains, to have the "Notesco" as fully known and 1868; "Wrecked in Port," 1869; "A Righted appreciated in this country as it is in America.

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Wrong," 1871; Nobody's Fortune ellow Flag," 1872; Wainwright's Patifgt2"; "Cast Away," 1872; "Two Waiticks," 1874; Impending Sword," 1874; Silent Witness," 1875; "For Better, for Worse," 1876. These works, originally issued in three-volume form, have nearly all been re-issued at 2/- each. He has likewise written some dramas; was the theatrical correspondent of the Daily News, edited the Temple Bar, 1864-5; was the first editor of Tinsley, and a constant contributor to All the Year Round, in which "Black Sheep was the leading serial 1866-7. With Mr. R. B. Brough he edited Our Miscellany, 1857-8. He became the proprietor and editor of The World in 1874. He edited Time. He started The Cuckoo as a Society daily, but he soon disposed of it, and it has since become a weekly.

Lists of New Books and New Editions.-I want to be posted up in current literature, at as little expense as may be. Can I get a good monthly catalogue? I am not in the trade. Please answer in time for this month's part.-G. W. J. To be posted up in current literature, you should read The Athenæum or The Spectator. Both give lists of works published within the week, and contain reviews of some of the books sent to them for review. The Saturday Review, and Literary World, likewise published weekly, make books an especial feature. Limited branches of literature are, for the most part, best dealt with in papers chiefly devoted to them, as The Academy (weekly) for educational works, or The Homilist for some classes of theological works. The criticisms of the British Quarterly Review are almost uniformly sound. But for a complete list of books published (the sources whence the London catalogue is compiled) see The Publishers' Circular, issued fortnightly, price 3d., and The Bookseller, published monthly, 6d. On these lists you can rely. The lists of country booksellers merely skim the surface, and, indeed, do not profess completeness; but The Publishers' Circular and The Bookseller give complete lists of all books and pamphlets that are here published. Still, unless Low's Monthly Bulletin of American and Foreign Publications be subscribed for (2/6 per annum). a fair notion of the directions in which the literature of other countries is moving will scarcely be obtained if reviews are altogether neglected. We need not remind you, too, of the " Library Column of The

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or more good books which give instruction in and treat of knitting, sewing, crewels lace, and embroidery work.-BELL. The Dictionary of Needlework, an Encyclopædia of Plain and Fancy Needlework (monthly, 1/-), commenced March 31, 1860. The Queen Lace Book, an historical and descriptive account of the hand-made antique lace of all countries, by L. W. (5). The Illustrated Queen Almanack and Lady's Calendar, com prising work-table and other patterns, and information interesting and useful to ladies (annually, 1/-).

The Standard Needlework Book, by H. P. T. (3/).
Finchley's Manuals, plain needlework (8d.).
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Bailey's Needlework, six standards (6d.).

Knitting Teacher's Assistant (6d.).

Standard Guide to Needlework, by a lady manager (6d.).

Standard Guide to Knitting, by the same (6d.).

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Plain Knitting and Mending, arranged in six standards (6d.).
Curtis', Mrs. A. E., Needlework (1/-).

Manual of Needlework, Irish National School Books (1/3).
The Lady's Work Series, viz., Knitting, four books, sewed 1/- each,
or cloth, 1/6 each, 1 vol., 4/6; Crochet, four parts, or 1 vol. 46;
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1/6; or the thirteen works of the series in 6 vols., in box, 15.
Ladies' Work, how to sell it (1/-). Sequel to the same (1/-).
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The Ladies' Treasury, published monthly, price 6d. ; yearly, 7/6.
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Guipure, Point Lace, &c.

Embroidery and Art Needlework Designs, by E. M. C. (in

Delamotte's Embroiderer's Designs (2/6).

packet, 2/6).

Lady's Crewel Embroidery Work, with directions for wools and working, and floral designs for tracing; two series, square cloth, 2/6 each, or in 1 vol., 4/6.

Art Needlework, a guide to embroidery in crewels, silks appliqué,
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