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EUROPE. FRANCE.The law for the reduction of the rentes has passed the Chamber of Peers, by a majority of 134 to 92, and a royal ordonnance, regulating the manner in which the holders of the five per cents. are to effect the conversion of their stock, has been published. Villele has thus carried his two great measures, the indemnity and reduction of the rentes, and is considered to be firmly seated in power. Eleven new Peers have been created. The Deputies are engaged in discussing the expenditure of the Spanish war. The debates are conducted with great animation, and with much party hostility. M. de Villele has also introduced a new project of law, to allow foreign grain, on the 1st September next, to be warehoused and bonded in certain frontier towns of France. An ordonnance has been issued for a new coinage of gold and silver, to the amount of four millions of francs. The new coin is to bear the head of the King, with the legend round it "Charles X. Roi de France," and the date. Prince Wittgenstein, who, it appears, has quitted the service of Russia, in which he distinguished himself so much in the campaign of 1812, is to attend the coronation of Charles X. as Ambassador Extraordinary from the King of Prussia.

The following extract teaches us to ex. pect farther troubles from the sad misrule under which unhappy Spain is doomed to languish :-"We have just received," says the Courier Francais," a curious document from Barcelona. It is a pas toral letter, by which the Archbishop establishes an Apostolic Junta, consisting of three priests of the order of St. Dominic, to proceed to the investigation and canonical punishment of all those transgressions which were formerly in the resort of the Holy Tribunal of the inquisi. tion. The publication of this piece has excited a most lively sensation in Catalonia, and cannot fail to cause new troubles in the Peninsula."

Coronation of the King. The coronation of the King of France took place on Sunday the 29th May, at Rheims, with great pomp and ceremony. His Majes. ty's arrival at Rheims, on the 28th, was preceded by an accident, which the superstitious will consider an unfavourable

omen.

As the cortege was descending from Fismes, the horses of the carriage

which conveyed the Dukes d'Aumont and de Damas, and Counts Cosse and Curial, took fright at the firing of the artillery, and ran away. The carriage was spee, dily dashed to pieces; Count Curial had his left shoulder-blade broken, and his right cut by the glass. The Duke de Damas was dangerously wounded, and Count Cosse had a violent contusion on the head. The King himself was in con. siderable peril; for the horses of his car. riage also took fright, and attempted to run away. He would not proceed far. ther till he knew that his wounded attendants were properly taken care of, and that the injury which they had received was not mortal. The King then moved forward, and entered Rheims under a sa. lute of 100 guns. The civil authorities of the department met and addressed him at the gates, and offered him the keys of the town, which he gave to the captain of the guards. He then repaired to the Cathedral with the other members of the Royal Family, and heard vespers and the evening service, besides a complimentary speech from the Archbishop of Rheims, to which he briefly replied. Before retiring he laid the royal presents upon the altar. After his return to the Archiepiscopal Palace, he received the military and civil authorities of the place, and in the evening there was a general illumination.

Before five o'clock, on the morning of May 29, the doors of the Cathedral were besieged by the crowd. At six they were opened, and at half-past six all the galleries in the body of the church, the choir, the sanctuary, &c. were filled. The gal leries erected on both sides, between the pillars, were filled with ladies, in dazzling apparel. The Dauphiness had a robe embroidered with silver on a gold ground, and a diadem sparkling with diamonds. The Duchess of Berry wore a crimsoncoloured robe, bordered with silver lama: she wore in her hair a wreath of roses mixed with diamonds. The Princesses of the blood wore white robes worked with silver. The King wore a silver robe; his slippers were trimmed with silver, and he had a cap (toque) of black velvet, with two white aigrettes, separated in the middle by a diamond cross. When he arrived at the door of the church, the King was conducted by the two Cardinals to the foot of the altar, where his Majesty knelt down; while the Archbishop of

Rheims, as soon as the King entered the choir, said over his Majesty the prayer, Omnipotens Deus Caelestium Moderator. His Grace, having saluted the altar and the King, commenced the Veni Creator, and then advanced to the King, accompanied by his two assisting Cardinals, one bearing the book of the Evangelists, the other the relic of the true cross; he took the book, on which he placed the relic, and held it open before his Majesty, while the King, seated and covered, with his hand placed on the book, and on the true cross, pronounced the following oaths: “In the presence of God, I promise to my faithful people to maintain and to honour our holy religion, as becomes the most Christian King, and the eldest son of the church; to do good justice to all my subjects, and to govern conformably to the laws of the kingdom, and the constitutional charter, which I swear to observe faithfully, so help me God and his Holy Gospel!" and the oaths as Chief and Sovereign Grand Master of the order of the Holy Ghost, and as Grand Master of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis, and of the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour. After the oaths, the King being led to the altar by two Cardinals, put off his upper robe, only retaining a salon camissolle, embroidered with silver, and open at the places where the unction was to be performed, and remained standing during the prayers. The High Chamberlain put on his Majesty the boots of purple velvet, embroidered with fleur de lis in gold. The Dauphin put on His Majesty the golden spurs which were on the altar. The Duke of Cornegliano, acting as constable, laid aside his sword, and advanced to the King, who rose and approached the altar, when the Archbishop blessed the sword of Charlemagne, *saying the prayer, Exaudi quæsumus Domine, preces nostras, &c. The Archbishop then girded the sword about the King, and presented it to him, saying, Accipe gladium tuum. The King, conducted by the Cardinals, sat down, while the Archbishop opened the reliquery containing the holy phial, and with the point of a golden needle, took out a portion, which he had mixed with consecrated oil. The two Cardinals then opened the places in the King's garment for the unction, and led him to the altar, where he knelt down on cushions placed for the purpose, while the Archbishop, seated, with his mitre on his head, said the prayer, Omnipotens sempiterne Deus Gubernator cali. The Bishop of Soissons then took from the altar the holy oil, and presented it to the Archbishop, who took some with his thumb to anoint his Majesty on the usual places.

VOL. XVI.

After this, the High Chamberlain put on his Majesty the tunic and the dalmatica of crimson satin, embroidered with fleur de lis of gold, and over this the Royal mantle of purple velvet, with gold fleur de lis, lined and trimmed with ermine. The Archbishop sprinkled the gloves with holy water, and put them on the King. The same ceremony took place for the ring, which his Grace put on his Majesty from the finger, saying, Accipe Annulum. The delivery of the sceptre and the rod of justice was performed in the same manner; after which, the Archbishop, with both hands, took from the altar the crown of Charlemagne, and placed it over the King's head without its touching his Ma jesty, the Princes putting their hands to it to support it. The ceremony of the coronation being finished, the Archbishop put off his mitre, made a profound obeisance to the King, kissed him in his forehead, and said Vivat Rex in æternum. The Dauphin and the Princes then took off their crowns, and, repeating the Archbishop's acclamation, received the embrace from the King. At the same moment the trumpets sounded, the people entered the church, the heralds distributed the medals, a thousand birds were let loose, all the bells were rung, and three volleys of musketry, fired by the infantry of the royal guards, were answered by the artillery on the ramparts of the city.

Several royal ordinances are announced in the Moniteur on the occasion, granting an amnesty to fifty-eight condemned persons, amongst whom is the Count d'Erlon; to seventy-two deserters; to all persons sentenced under the law of the 17th of May 1219, and the 25th of March 1821; to individuals who have been guilty of offences against the laws for the protection of forests and fisheries; and to deserters from the navy. There are three other ordinances making new members of the Privy Council, augmenting the number of Counsellors of the Royal Court of Paris, and making various nominations, in the courts of justice, throughout the kingdom.

On the return of King Charles the Tenth from his coronation at Rheims to Paris, the following fetes and spectacles are appointed :-On the 6th June, public entry into Paris and service at Notre Dame; 8th, fete at the Hotel de Ville; 10th, King visits the Grand Opera; 11th, King visits the Theatre Français; 12th, reception at the Tuileries by the Dauphin and Madame Duchesse de Berry; 13th, bal paré at Court; 11th, King visits the Feydeau (Opera Comique); 16th, Opera at Court; 17th, King visits the Odeon; 18th, reception in the "Grands 5 B

Apartiments" at Court; 19th, King visits the Italian Opera; 20th, representation at Court, by the actors of the Theatre Français; 23, ditto, by the actors of the Feydeau.

SPAIN. Ferdinand has issued a manifesto, in which he declares his determi. nation to maintain his absolute autho rity in every respect undiminished. He is resolved to "preserve entire and in all their plenitude the legitimate rights of his sovereignty, without giving up, at any time, the slightest particle of them, and without permitting the establishment of Chambers, or any other institutions, of whatever denomination, which may be contrary to the present laws and usages of his realm." He declares further, that all his august allies will continue to support his legitimate and sovereign authority, without advising or proposing any innovation in the form of his Go vernment." He is at Aranjuez. On the 15th ult. a member of the permanent commission at Madrid, accompanied by a strong detachment of infantry, present ed himself at the school of medicine, college of St. Charles, and demanded that the professors should surrender up to him the pupils from Biscay and Navarre, in number about 16. They were imme diately taken, without any one knowing why, to the city, prisoners. The retirement of the French from Spain is pro ceeding; Cardona and Hostalrich have been evacuated by them, and were im mediately occupied by Spanish troops.

It appears, by all the accounts, that a crisis is rapidly approaching in this unhappy country. The Journal de Toulouse gives letters, which contain recitals of the murder of many French soldiers, and the private letters contain long and apparently authentic details of acts of turbulence among the Spanish troops. which promise to end in a general rising, Ferdinand is doing all in his power to conciliate the army, but as he has no money to give them, his efforts amount to little, and with respect to the clergy, although he continues to issue decrees, declaratory of his resolution never to alter the present system, they are dissatisfied to such on extent with the difficulties which are thrown in the way of their vengeance by the French, that they take every opportunity of harassing the Government, and will certainly continue to do so as long as the French remain in Spain.

A military commission at Barcelona have condemned a man to the gallies for ten years, for having said that the image of the Virgin at Montserrat was made of wood. During the trial, the counsel for

the prisoner remarked, that there was no more harm in saying that the image of the Virgin at Montserrat was made of wood, than in saying that her image at Saragossa was made of marble. For this expression he was sentenced by the same commission to six months imprisonment in a fortress.

The Spanish minister of finance has made a report, declaring that the resources of the state are daily diminishing, that the receipts do not cover half the expenditure, and that public credit is ruined. The report concludes with suggesting some remedies, but they appear inefficient. There has been another change in the Spanish ministry.

According to a French paper, an attempt was made some time ago to destroy Ferdinand, and the rest of the royal family, by poisoning the fountain which supplied them with water. No details have been made public. A letter from Bayonne, however, states, that one man implicated has been executed at Madrid, his body having first been horribly mutilated. This individual, however, met death with much sang froid. A physician and two apothecaries are still in im. prisonment as his accomplices.

GREECE. The affairs of Greece, on the whole, are more favourable since the month of March. By a letter from Smyrna, dated April 18, it appears that Ibrahim Pacha was on the point of taking Navarino, when Conduriotte appeared with his army, and, after successfully attacking the Egyptians, and killing a num. ber of them, obliged the remainder to raise the seige. This intelligence is confirmed in the Greek Chronicle of MissoTonghi of the 13th of April. Other engagements had subsequently occurred, and the result has been the blocking up the Egyptians in a place which had no communication with Modon. Miaulis, who had been in the water of Candia with a naval force, attacked twelve Turkish transports, laden with ammunition and provisions, proceeding to Modon, six of which he sunk, captured three, and the other three escaped. Twenty-eight other Greek vessels, with eight fire-ships, under Sactouris, proceeded to Samos to intercept the Turks. Ibrahim Pacha finding his situation critical, had commenced nego. tiations with the Greek chiefs, to obtain leave for the Egyptians and Arabs to quit the Morea, and re-embark without being molested, but the negotiations were broken off, as the Morcotes demanded that Ibrahim and his troops should surrender prisoners of war.

The French papers give the following intelligence from Greece, as, extracted

from Zante letters of April 29. Ibrahim Pacha, finding himself unequal to further operations in the field, is said to have thrown himself with a division of his troops into Coron; there, as his hopes of succour failed him, his savageness increased, till it vented itself in acts of cruelty on the European officers in his army. He caused their hands and ears to be cut off, under the pretence that they had betrayed his confidence. Their number is computed at not less than one thousand-French, Italians, Genoese, and Germans.

The German papers are wholly silent on this savage act of the Pacha. Accounts from Constantinople bring intelligence of the death of the Sultan's son, Abdel Hamed, who was heir to the throne. The Janissaries are said to be disappointed at this event, as they had not determined how soon they might need an heir of such a father. Letters from other parts of Greece represent Redschid Pacha as being in a state not less disastrous than Ibrahim Pacha.

POLAND. A Hamburgh mail has brought papers to the 21st ult. They contain the speech of the Emperor Alex ander to the chamber of representatives of the kingdom of Poland, on the open. ing of the Session at Warsaw, on the 13th ult. The finances are described as being in a most prosperous condition, with an excess of income over the expenditure, which has enabled the government near ly to extinguish the national debt; while, at the same time, the depression and great stagnation in the sale of agricultu⚫ ral produce is complained of. Perhaps the most important part of his Imperial Majesty's speech, however, is the decla ration which he makes, that he must influence the elections to the Representative Assembly, if it persist in making its proceedings public.

AMERICA.

tinique. This information has been brought to England by the Pyramus, which called at the Havannah, on her return from Vera Cruz, whence she has brought home Mr M'Kenzie, the British Consul, at that place, with despatches from Mr Morier, his Majesty's commissioner in Mexico.

· The Lima Government Gazette of the 1st of January contains a decree issued by Bolivar, ascribing the glorious termination of the war to the heroism of General Sucre, and ordering the erection of a monument, on the battle field, to commemorate the triumph of Ayacucho. It also contains a despatch addressed to Bolivar, by the French Vice-Admiral Rosamel, expressing the neutrality of France towards the South American States, and that France would only interfere between the New States and Spain, as a common friend, in her good offices to both parties.

A letter from Alvarado of 12th March states the arrival of the Lion cutter from England with specie, being a part payment of the loan for Mexico lately nego ciated. The accounts of the recognition of the independence of Mexico by the Government of England had been received with the greatest demonstrations of joy, ringing of bells, firing of guns, &c. &c. Mr Baring of London arrived at Alvarado on the 10th March in the Car nation via Jamaica. The country was perfectly tranquil. St. Joan de Ulloa still held out against the Independents. Trade was rather improving: the exchange with England was 47 to 48.

BUENOS AYRES. The ratification of the Commercial Treaty between this country and the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata is completed, and the political independence of these new South Ame rican States fully recognised. The treaty was concluded at Buenos Ayres on the 19th February; and the official copy, when the ratifications are duly exchanged, will be laid before both Houses of Parliament. The Plenipotentiaries were Don Manuel Jose Garcia, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the United Provinces, and Mr Woodbine Parish, Consul-General at Buenos Ayres; and thus, to use the words of the Consul, that country is placed in the rank of the nations recognized in the world." The treaty stipulates perpetual friendship between the dominions and subjects of the contracting parties, reciprocal freedom of trade, liberty of conscience, and the exercise of religion, public or private, conformable to the system of toleration established in England. The free disposal of property is mutually agreed to; and the United Provinces, anxious to co-operate with this