Village appeared, and in 1773 the drama She Stoops To Conquer, his last important work. Goldsmith died on the 4th of April, 1774, and was mourned by the unfortunate and by all true lovers of literature.

In Goldsmith's Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning, 1759, as well as in other writings, he acknowledged his allegiance to the classical school. In outward form his works followed classical models, but the spirit was romantic. He was a simple lover of nature and a champion of the oppressed poor. There was no seventeenth century satire in his treatment of the vices of men; on the other hand, his words pulsate with pity for the weak and erring. Although he maintained the intellectual dogmas of the classical school, he was unconsciously one of the important forces in the earlier years of the Romantic Movement.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Essays on the Poets, De Quincey.

Essays (Vol. 4), Macaulay. The Macmillan Co.
Goldsmith's Miscellaneous Works, edited by Masson. The
Macmillan Co.

Homes and Haunts of the Poets, Howitt.

Life and Adventures of Goldsmith, Forster.

Life of Goldsmith, William Black. The Macmillan Co.
Life of Goldsmith, Austin Dobson.

Life of Goldsmith, Washington Irving. The Macmillan Co.
The Life of Johnson, James Boswell. The Macmillan Co.
Specimens of the Poets, Thomas Campbell.

The English Humorists, Thackeray. The Macmillan Co.

THE DESERTED VILLAGE

AFTER ten years spent in composition and revision this poem was given to the public on May 26, 1770, in quarto form. "This day at twelve," announced The Public Advertiser, "will be published, price two shillings, The Deserted Village, a Poem by Dr. Goldsmith, Printed for W. Griffin, at Garrick's Head in Catherine Street, Strand." The immediate success that attended the publication was no doubt due partly to the didactic and moralizing tone which then was in accordance with the popular taste. Five editions were called for within a year. Goldsmith's object was to set forth the evils that result from the rise of luxury and the decay of the peasantry. The poem is valued to-day, not for any economic theories it presents, but because of its pastoral atmosphere, its sympathy with human suffering and enjoyment, and its touching simplicity.

DEAR SIR,

DEDICATION

TO SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS

I can have no expectations in an address of this kind, either to add to your reputation, or to establish my own. You can gain nothing from my admiration, as I am ignorant of that art in which you are said to excel; and I may lose much by the severity of your judgment, as few have a juster taste in poetry than you. Setting interest therefore aside, to which I never

paid much attention, I must be indulged at present in following my affections. The only dedication I ever made was to my brother, because I loved him better than most other men. He is since dead. Permit me to inscribe this Poem to you.

How far you may be pleased with the versification and mere mechanical parts of this attempt, I do not pretend to enquire; but I know you will object (and indeed several of our best and wisest friends concur in the opinion) that the depopulation it deplores is nowhere to be seen, and the disorders it laments are only to be found in the poet's own imagination. To this I can scarcely make any other answer than that I sincerely believe what I have written; that I have taken all possible pains, in my country excursions, for these four or five years past, to be certain of what I allege; and that all my views and enquiries have led me to believe those miseries real, which I here attempt to display. But this is not the place to enter into an enquiry, whether the country be depopulating, or not; the discussion would take up much room, and I should prove myself, at best, an indifferent politician, to tire the reader with a long preface, when I want his unfatigued attention to a long poem.

In regretting the depopulation of the country, I inveigh against the increase of our luxuries; and here also I expect the shout of modern politicians against me. For twenty or thirty years past, it has been the fashion to consider luxury as one of the greatest national advantages; and all the wisdom of antiquity in that particular, as erroneous. Still, however, I must remain a professed ancient on that head, and continue

to think those luxuries prejudicial to states, by which so many vices are introduced, and so many kingdoms have been undone. Indeed so much has been poured out of late on the other side of the question, that, merely for the sake of novelty and variety, one would sometimes wish to be in the right.

I am, Dear Sir,

Your sincere friend, and ardent admirer,
OLIVER GOLDSMITH.

THE DESERTED VILLAGE

SWEET AUBURN°! loveliest village of the plain; Where health and plenty cheer'd the labouring swain, Where smiling spring its earliest visit paid,

And parting summer's lingering blooms delay'd:
Dear lovely bowers of innocence and ease,
Seats of my youth,° when every sport could please,
How often have I loiter'd o'er thy green,
Where humble happiness endear'd each scene!
How often have I paus'd on every charm,
The shelter'd cot, the cultivated farm,
The never-failing brook, the busy mill,

The decent church that topt the neighbouring hill,°
The hawthorn° bush, with seats beneath the shade
For talking age and whispering lovers made!
How often have I blest the coming day,°
When toil remitting lent its turn to play,
And all the village train,° from labour free,

Led up their sports beneath the spreading tree,

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While many a pastime circled in the shade,
The young contending as the old survey'd;
And many a gambol frolick'd o'er the ground,
And sleights of art and feats of strength went round.
And still, as each repeated pleasure tir'd,
Succeeding sports the mirthful band inspir'd;
The dancing pair that simply sought renown
By holding out to tire each other down;
The swain mistrustless of his smutted face,
While secret laughter titter'd° round the place;
The bashful virgin's side-long looks of love,
The matron's glance that would those looks reprove.
These were thy charms, sweet village! sports like these,
With sweet succession, taught even toil to please:
These round thy bowers their cheerful influence shed:
These were thy charms, but all these charms are fled.
Sweet smiling village, loveliest of the lawn,
Thy sports are fled, and all thy charms withdrawn ;
Amidst thy bowers the tyrant's hand° is seen,
And desolation saddens all thy green:

One only master grasps the whole domain,
And half a tillage stints thy smiling plain.
No more thy glassy brook reflects the day,
But, chok'd with sedges, works its weedy way;
Along thy glades, a solitary guest,

The hollow-sounding bittern guards its nest;
Amidst thy desert-walks the lapwing flies,
And tires their echoes with unvaried cries;
Sunk are thy bowers in shapeless ruin all,
And the long grass o'ertops the mouldering wall;
And trembling, shrinking from the spoiler's hand,
Far, far away thy children leave the land.

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