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made at another point, and at a late hour a third attack made by Gen. Zollicoffer. It was supposed that the camp was defended only by a small force under Col. Garrard. The attacking force consisted of Mississippians, Georgians, and Tenesseeans. The opposing force was under Gen. Schoepf, consisting of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky troops. The Confederates were generally armed with flint-lock muskets and altered locks, buckshot guns, and navy-revolvers. The Federal force carried the Minié rifle. Reënforcements were added to each force during the day, and the different attacks were probably made after they were received by the Confederate commander. The enemy were repulsed with severe loss, and retired to Barboursville. The small Federal force in Eastern Kentucky was under the command of Gen. Nelson, a Lieutenant in the Navy, who had been detached from his naval duties and sent to Kentucky, of which State he was a native, and well known to her citizens. Being furnished with arms by the Federal Government, he collected and organized a force in the eastern part of the State, near Virginia. With these he advanced, and on the 2d of November occupied Prestonburg without any resistance. The enemy fell back about six miles.

His next movement was on Pikeville, near which a Confederate force under Gen. Williams had taken position. Pikeville is the capital of Pike County, on the west fork of the Big Sandy River. On the forenoon of the 7th he despatched a force, under Col. Sill, of one regiment of infantry with a light battalion of three companies, and two companies of Kentucky volunteers mounted from the teams, and a section of artillery, to march by the way of John's Creek, and pass to the left of Pikeville, where was the enemy's position-a distance of about forty miles-and turn or cut them off. On the 8th, at 5 A. M., Gen. Nelson moved forward with three Ohio regiments, a battalion of Kentucky volunteers, and two sections of artillery, and took the State road direct to Pikeville, distant twenty-eight miles. Eight miles from Prestonburg they met a picket of about forty cavalry, which escaped. At 1 P. M., the cavalry had advanced along the narrow defile of the mountain that ends at Ivy Creek. This mountain is the highest along the river, very precipitous, and thickly covered with brush and undergrowth, and the road, which is but seven feet wide, is cut along the side of it, about twentyfive feet above the river, which is close under the road. The ridge descends in a rapid curve and very sharp to the creek, or rather gorge, where it makes a complete elbow. Behind this ridge, and along the mountain side, the enemy, seven hundred strong, lay in ambush, and did not fire until the head of the Kentucky battalion, Col. C. A. Marshall, was up to the elbow. Four were instantly killed and thirteen wounded, and the Kentuckians were ordered to charge. Col. Harris led his 2d Ohio regiment up the mountain side with much gallantry, and deployed

them along its face. Col. Norton, who had just reached the defile, led his 21st Ohio regiment up the northern ridge of the mountain, 'deployed them along the creek, and made an attack. Two pieces of artillery were got in position on the road, and opened on the enemy. In an hour and twenty minutes the rebel force dispersed and fled, leaving a number killed and wounded, of whom thirty were found dead on the field. The Federal loss was six killed and twenty-four wounded. In their retreat they obstructed the road by felling trees and burning or cutting all the bridges.

On the morning of the 10th Gen. Nelson reached Pikeville, where Col. Sill had arrived, according to orders, on the previous day, having twice encountered mounted men. The result of these movements was so effectual, that, on the 10th, Gen. Nelson issued the following proclamation:

With

SOLDIERS-I thank you for what you have done. In a campaign of twenty days you have driven the rebels from Eastern Kentucky, and given repose to forced marches over wretched roads, deep in mud. that portion of the State. You have made continual Badly clad, you have bivouacked on the wet ground, in the November rain, without a murmur. scarcely half rations, you have pressed forward with unfailing perseverance. The only place that the enemy made a stand, though ambushed and very strong, you drove him from, in the most brilliant style. For your constancy and courage I thank you, and with the qualities which you have shown that you possess, I expect great things from you in future.

Thus closed the campaign in Eastern Kentucky. In the central part of the State the military movements were more extensive. Louisville, the headquarters of the Union Department, is situated on the Ohio River, on the northern boundary of the State, and connected by river and railroad with all the Northern States, and by railroad with the localities of active operations near the borders of Central Tennessee. The level land on which the city is located, extends uninterruptedly south to Rolling Fork River, a stream two hundred feet in width and three feet deep. Crossing by bridge or a ford, a good road leads through a level country for two miles to a series of rugged hills, known as Muldraugh's Hills. The railroad follows a stream called Clear Creek, crossing it about half way up the ascent by a tresselwork ninety feet high, and two miles further south enters at its base Tunnel Hill. It emerges on a smooth level plain, which extends many miles south to Green River. Elizabethtown is four miles from Tunnel Hill and forty-two miles from Louisville. Nolin Creek is the first stream of any importance south of Elizabethtown, and fifty-three miles from Louisville. Munfordsville is on the right bank of Green River, and seventy-two miles from Louisville. Green River empties into the Ohio, and is navigable by steamboats most of the year. The railroad crosses it by an extensive bridge. Bowling Green is on the railroad, one hundred and fourteen miles from Louisville and seventy-one miles from Nashville. It is also at the head

of navigation on Barren River, which flows into Green River thirty miles below. A branch railroad to Memphis commences here; the distance by which to Clarksville, on the Cumberland River, is sixty-two miles, and from thence to Memphis one hundred and fifty-seven miles. The importance of Bowling Green is manifest from its position at the junction of two roads leading into Tennessee, furnishing great facilities for transportation. The entrance of hostile forces into the western part of the State, in September, produced great excitement at Louisville. Union Home Guards began to assemble, and other Union troops began to arrive from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. On the 18th of September a body of the latter advanced to Rolling Fork, where they found the bridge had been destroyed by a hostile force under Gen. Buckner, formerly commander of the State Guard. This force was then five miles below, on Muldraugh's Hills, but subsequently withdrew to Elizabethtown. At this time Gen. Anderson, formerly in command at Fort Sumter, was ordered to the Department of Kentucky, but was soon compelled to resign his command, in consequence of ill health, and was succeeded by Gen. W. T. Sherman, who for the same reason retired, and was succeeded by Gen. Buell.

As early as the 10th of October, a very considerable Federal force was in Camp Dick Robinson, in Garrard County, which was daily becoming more formidable. At the same time the Confederate General Buckner, who had boasted of an intention to spend the winter in Louisville with his troops, began to retire to Bowling Green, and on the 13th a portion of the iron bridge over the Green River was blown up. Friends in Louisville and throughout the State had given him strong assurances that if he would come to Louisville, or even to Bowling Green, at the head of a force capable of maintaining its position for a short time, reënforcements would immediately pour in by thousands, rendering his army too powerful to be resisted. Unquestionably he came with the full conviction that these assurances would be verified, but he found them all falsified. There was reason to believe that not more than a thousand men joined him.

Accumulations of Federal troops from the States north of the Ohio River, with stores for a vast army, were made during the month of November. On the part of the South the same course was pursued. On the 1st of December, the Federal troops in the State were estimated at 70,000, of which there were 9 regiments from Illinois, 16 from Indiana, 17 from Ohio, 3 from Pennsylvania, 1 from Michigan, 3 from Wisconsin, and two from Minnesota, and at least 25,000 of her own soldiers.

This vast force was looking to Nashville and the State of Tennessee; to withstand it, there was the force of Gen Buckner, estimated at 30,000 men. No affair of importance occurred between these hostile troops during the year, except at Munfordsville. The precise position was on the south bank of the Green River,

near the iron bridge of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. This bridge had been partially destroyed by the rebel troops, to prevent the passage of the Federal force, but a temporary structure had been thrown over the river. Four companies of the 32d Indiana regiment, under command of the lieut.-colonel, had crossed, and were advanced as pickets in squads of eight or ten upon an open meadow at the distance of about one hundred yards from the river bank. At the Munfordsville depot there was a battery of three guns, and another of an equal number about a mile distant, in a southerly direction. A belt of timber skirted the position of the Indiana companies.

Some Confederate soldiers being espied in the wood, two companies were ordered to advance and effect their dislodgement. They retreated half a mile to their main body without firing & shot, and the two companies advanced stealthily as skirmishers. A body of cavalry, consisting of Texan rangers, then made a dash upon the companies, who returned the fire from their shot-guns with a galling effect. When the batteries opened, the Indianians, who reached the wood under cover of the trees, did fearful execution in the ranks of the cavalry.

The rangers fled, leaving their dead upon the field, including the body of Col. Terry, who was killed by a musket-ball. His body was sent back afterwards under a flag of truce.

The enemy's loss was considerable. There were found upon the field sixty-three dead bodies, and the bodies of twelve or fourteen horses. In addition, a large number are known to have been wounded. The Federal loss was thirteen killed and an equal number wounded.

Two regiments of Federal troops, the 36th Indiana and the 16th Ohio, came promptly up to the relief of the four companies from the 32d Indiana, but the fight was not renewed.

The hopes of the Richmond Government that Kentucky would join the Confederacy, were extremely sanguine. Indeed so confident were the friends of the Government of her ultimate secession that a Convention was called by them to organize the forms of that movement. It met at Russellville about the 27th of November, and was in session during three days.

It passed a Declaration of Independence and an Ordinance of Secession. A Provisional Government, consisting of a Governor, Legislative Council of ten, a Treasurer, and an Auditor, was agreed upon. George W. Johnson, of Scott, was made Governor.

The Commissioners to Richmond were H. C. Burnett, W. E. Simms, and Wm. Preston. All executive and legislative powers were vested in the Governor and Council. Acts to be done by the Provisional Government required the concurrence of a majority of its members; the Council were authorized to fill vacancies, but no councilman should be made Governor to fill a vacancy. The old Constitution and laws of Kentucky were declared in force, except where inconsistent with the acts of the Confederate

Government. Bowling Green was fixed as the new capital. Fifty-one counties were said to be represented in the Convention by over two

hundred members not elected by the people. Ex-Vice-President Breckinridge and others about this time joined the Southern forces.

CHAPTER XI.

Attack on Wilson's Regiment-Bombardment of Fort Pickens-Burning of Warrenton-Attack on the Federal fleet at the mouths of the Mississippi-Repulse at Ball's Bluff-Expedition against Port Royal: its success-Resignation of Lieut.Gen. Scott-Battle at Belmont-Capture of Messrs. Mason and Slidell-Occupation of Accomac and Northampton Counties, Va.-The Stone Blockade of Charleston-Affair at Drainesville-Treatment of Slaves-Exchange of Prisoners-Plans of the Government.

SOME operations, too important to be overlooked, but forming no part of a military plan of campaign, arose out of the general situation of the combatants with respect to each other. They indicated an active state of hostilities, and resulted in advantage or loss to each side.

At Pensacola Bay, hostile movements were early commenced as has already been stated. This fine bay is located in the northwest corner of Florida, and at the mouth of the Escambia River. On the east side of the entrance, and on the extremity of Santa Rosa Island, is Fort Pickens. Nearly opposite, being a little further outward or seaward, is Fort McRea. Facing the entrance, on the farther side of the bay, is Fort Barrancas, and nearly one mile to the eastward, along the shore, is the navy yard. On the secession of Florida the Barrancas was abandoned, its guns spiked, and its munitions removed by Commandant Armstrong, of the navy; and on the 12th of Jannary this fort and navy yard were occupied by Florida and Alabama troops. The commandant had a force of about sixty men, and the opposing force consisted of nearly five hundred and fifty. Ultimately all the military positions came into the possession of the Southern troops, except Fort Pickens. They immediately mounted at the navy yard four Dahlgren long 32s, and at Fort Barrancas twenty-five 32s; at Fort McRea were four columbiads and a large number of heavy guns. This work was carried on until the guns were all mounted, additional batteries erected along the shore, and every thing made ready to attack Fort Pickens, or to resist any attack which might be made.

Lieut. A. J. Slemmer, who had been in command of the little Federal force in charge of the forts, took possession of Fort Pickens on the first indication of any thing like an attempt to seize it. It was the strongest and most important of all the fortifications of the bay. In this position he remained securely until relieved of his command. When the Federal Government determined to relieve Fort Sumter, it also resolved to reenforce Fort Pickens, and immediate arrangements were made for

that

purpose.

On the 7th of April, the steamer Atlantic sailed from New York with 450 troops on board, including two companies of light artillery, and a company of sappers and miners, under command of Col. Harvey Brown, together with 69 horses and a large quantity of munitions of war and supplies. On the 13th she reached Key West, and took on board more troops and ordnance, etc., and arrived at Pensacola on the 16th, in the afternoon. With the assistance of the boats of the squadron then there, the larger portion of the officers and men were landed, and entered Fort Pickens before midnight. Between that time and the 23d the remaining troops, stores, etc., were all safely landed. Before the arrival of the Atlantic, and on the night of the 12th of April, reënforcements, consisting of one company of artillery, being 86 men and 115 marines, were sent to the fort. The old garrison consisted of 82 men and with this addition amounted to 283 men. The arrival of the Atlantic increased the number, and the steamer Illinois followed, until the garrison amounted to about 880 men.

Meantime, farther reënforcements were sent out, and a large amount of stores, while quite a fleet of vessels were stationed outside in the Gulf. The first volunteer troops sent, consisted of a New York regiment, under Col. William Wilson. This regiment encamped on the island near the fort. No serious conflict, however, took place, although the hostile forces were within a short distance of each other. Some daring exploits were performed by Federal troops, one of which, under Lieut. Russel's command, is thus described by a Confederate officer: "The enemy executed, last night, the most brilliant and daring act which has yet marked the history of the war. For some time past they have exhibited unmistakable indications of eagerness for a fight, and have grown more and more audacious. First they fired on one of our schooners. Next they burned the dry dock, and last night, September 18th, they made a most daring and reckless raid upon the navy yard. About three o'clock in the morning, five launches, containing about thirty men each, pulled across from Santa Rosa Island to the navy yard, a distance of about two miles.

Each launch had in it a small brass howitzer on a pivot. Their main object seems to have been to burn the largest schooner of our harbor police, which was anchored near the wharf. They were led by an officer with the courage of forty Numidian lions, and their success was perfect. Under cover of the darkness, silently, with muffled oars, they approached the wharf, and were not discovered until very near it. They then pulled rapidly to the schooner, and grappled to her, when their daring leader shouted, 'Board her,' leading the way himself with a cutlass in one hand, and a blazing fireball in the other. He threw the flambeau into the hold of the schooner, and feeling sure that she was on fire, he ordered his men to take to their launches and pull for life, as he said that a shower of grape would soon be rattling after them. They pulled off a short distance; but before going, they sent back a shower of grape from their howitzers, directed upon our men as they were forming. The darkness rendered the fire uncertain, and only two of our men were wounded. The schooner burned rapidly, and we had to cut her loose from the wharf to save it from destruction. She floated off on the tide, emitting a brilliant flood of light over the surrounding darkness of the scene.' Such is the brief account of this very daring adventure.

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Affairs continued quiet until the night of the 8th of October, when the enemy attempted a daring attack upon the forces on the island. They hoped to break up the encampment of the volunteer regiment. Early in the evening Col. Jackson visited the camp of the 5th Georgia regiment at Pensacola, and informed the troops that he required one hundred and fifty men for an important service, also twentyseven from the Clinch Rifles, and nineteen from the Irish Volunteers. Every man who was willing to volunteer, was requested to shoulder arms, and every one did so. The captains were then ordered to select the men, who were put under the command of Lieut. Hallenquist. The expedition was accompanied by Col. Jackson. It consisted of 1,200 men, under the command of Gen. Anderson. About two o'clock in the morning they landed on the island, and marched upon the Zouave camp. They were first met by Major Vodges, with 85 men, some distance above the camp. The major was taken prisoner. The Zouaves were taken chiefly by surprise, but as soon as they recovered, fought desperately. The Confederates penetrated the camp, which was almost entirely destroyed. A number of prisoners were taken on both sides. The invader's loss was severe. Of the Zouaves and regulars, fourteen were killed and thirty-six wounded. The officers and men lost almost every thing.

In November, the force at the fort and on the island was thirteen hundred men, and it was supposed that upon the opposite side were near eight thousand, when Col. Brown, the commandant of Fort Pickens, determined to

open fire upon the batteries occupied by the Southern troops.

Having invited Flag-officer McKean to cooperate in the attack, on the morning of the 22d of November, Col. Brown opened his batteries on the enemy, to which, in the course of half an hour, he responded from his numerous forts and batteries, extending from the navy yard to Fort McRea, a distance of about four miles, the whole nearly equidistant from Fort Pickens, and on which line he had two forts-McRea and Barrancas-and fourteen separate batteries, containing from one to four guns, many of them being ten-inch columbiads, and some twelve and thirteen-inch seacoast mortars, the distance varying from two thousand one hundred to two thousand nine hundred yards from Fort Pickens. At the same time Flag-officer McKean, in the Niagara, and Capt. Ellison, in the Richmond, took position as near to Fort McRea as the depth of the water would permit, but which unfortunately was not sufficiently deep to give full effect to their powerful batteries. They, however, kept up a spirited fire on the fort and adjacent batteries during the whole day. The fire from Fort Pickens was incessant from the time of opening until it was too dark to see, at the rate of a shot for each gun every fifteen or twenty minutes, the fire of the enemy being somewhat slower. At noon the guns of Fort McRea were all silenced but one, and three hours before sunset this fort and the adjoining batteries ceased firing. The guns of batteries Lincoln, Cameron, and Totten were directed principally on the batteries adjacent to the navy yard, those of Battery Scott to Fort McRea and the lighthouse batteries, and those of Fort Pickens to all. They reduced very perceptibly the fire of Barrancas, entirely silenced that in the navy yard, and in one or two of the other batteries.

The next morning Col. Brown again opened about the same hour, the navy unfortunately, owing to a reduction in the depth of water, caused by a change of wind, not being able to get so near as on the day before; consequently the distance was too great to be effectual. The fire of Fort Pickens, this day, was less rapid, and more efficient. Fort McKea did not fire. One or two guns of the enemy were entirely silenced, and one in Fort Pickens was disabled by a shot coming through the embrasure.

About three o'clock fire was communicated to one of the houses in Warrington, and shortly afterwards to the church steeple, the church and the whole village being immediately in rear of some of the Confederate batteries. Of the largest and most valuable buildings along the street, probably two-thirds were consumed. About the same time fire was discovered issuing from the back part of the navy yard, probably in Wolcott, a village to the north and immediately adjoining the yard, as Warrington does on the west. Finally it penetrated to the yard, and continued to burn brightly all night. Very heavy damage

was also done to the buildings of the yard by the shot, shell, and splinters.

The steamer Time, which was at the wharf at the navy yard at the time, was abandoned on the first day. The fire was continued till dark, and with mortars occasionally till two o'clock the next morning, when the combat ceased.

Fort Pickens, at its conclusion, though it had received a great many shot and shell, was reported in every respect, save the disabling of one gun carriage and the loss of service of six men, as efficient as at the commencement of the combat. No serious damage was done to the frigates Niagara or Richmond.

The only hostile movements within the limits of Louisiana in 1861, were made at the mouths of the Mississippi. On the 12th of October, near four o'clock in the morning, as the Federal steamship Richmond, under the command of John Pope, was lying at the Southwest Pass receiving coal from the schooner J. H. Toone, a floating ram, as it was called, was discovered close upon the ship.

By the time the alarm could be given, she had struck the ship abreast of the fore channels, tearing the schooner from her fasts, and forcing a hole through the ship's side.

Passing aft, the ram endeavored to effect a breach in the stern, but failed. Three planks on the ship's side were stove in about two feet below the water line, making a hole about five inches in circumference. At the first alarm the crew promptly and coolly repaired to their quarters, and as the ram passed' abreast of the ship the entire port battery was discharged at her, with what effect it was impossible to discover, owing to the darkness.

The sloops of war Preble and Vincennes, and the smaller steamer Water Witch, were lying at anchor a short distance below. A red light was shown from the Richmond as a signal of danger, and the vessels, having slipped their cables, were under way in a few minutes. Soon, three large fire rafts stretching across the river were seen rapidly approaching, while several large steamers and a bark-rigged propeller were astern of them. The squadron, however, moved down the river, and, under the advice of the pilot, an attempt was made to pass over the bar, but in the passage the Vincennes and Richmond grounded, while the Preble went clear. This occurred about eight o'clock in the morning, and fire was opened on both sides. The shot of the fleet fell short, while shells of the enemy burst around them, or went beyond them. About half-past nine o'clock the commander of the Richmond made a signal to the ships outside of the bar to get ander way. This was mistaken by Captain Hardy of the Vincennes as a signal for him to abandon his ship. Accordingly, with his officers and crew he left her, after having lighted a slow match at the magazine. But as no explosion occurred for some time, he was ordered to return and attempt to get her off shore. At ten o'clock the enemy ceased firing. No one

was killed or wounded on the Federal fleet. No damage was done to any vessel except to the Richmond. The schooner J. H. Toone was captured, having about fifteen tons of coal on board.

The ram, as it was called, was the hull of a steamer, iron-plated with railroad iron, and hav ing a projection on her bow beneath the water line, sufficient to punch a hole in the hull of a wooden vessel when struck with force. It was under the command of Capt. Hollins, formerly of the United States navy, the officer who was in command at the bombardment of Greytown, Nicaragua.

Some events occurred in Mississippi Sound, east of the mouths of the river, which it may not be out of place here to mention. The Sound is bounded on the south by Ship Island. On June 28th the United States steamer Massachusetts visited the island and found it unoccupied, and captured five Confederate schooners in its vicinity. On the 8th of July she again visited the island, and found a considerable force there, who were throwing up intrenchments and had mounted some heavy guns. An attempt was made to dislodge them, but unsuccessfully, and they were allowed to remain in possession till the 16th of September, when, under the apprehension that a large naval expedition was coming to attack them, they abandoned the island and escaped to the shore, taking most of their ordnance with them. During the two months of their occupation they had rebuilt the fort, constructing eleven fine bomb-proof casemates and a magazine, and had mounted twenty guns. They named it Fort Twiggs. On the 17th September the Massachusetts landed a force on the island, who took possession, and having been reënforced, have continued to hold it. They mounted cannon on the fort, and strengthened it still further by the addition of two more bombproof casemates, and a formidable armament of Dahlgren 9-inch shell guns and rifled cannon. They also erected barracks for troops, with brick, left on the island by the Confederates, and lumber captured from them. On the 19th October, Com. Hollins, in command of the Confederate gunboat Florida, appeared in Mississippi Sound, and challenged the United States gunboat Massachusetts to a naval battle. The challenge was accepted, and after a sharp engagement of forty-five minutes the Florida retired, seriously disabled, and put into Pass Christian, apparently in a sinking condition. Four of her crew were killed. The Massachusetts was injured, but not seriously, by a 100-lb. shell, which struck her five feet above her water line, but was repaired in a few days. None of her crew were killed, and only one slightly wounded. On the 21st November the gunboat New London arrived in the Sound, and in the course of a fortnight captured five Confederate vessels.

In Virginia, a serious repulse was suffered by the Union troops at Ball's Bluff, or Leesburg

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