IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. each year's revenue a sufficient amount of money to pay such compensation; provided, that District Judges shall be paid out of the County Treasuries of the counties composing their respective districts. may be prescribed by law; and the Legisla-ary as may be provided by law at the time of ture may confer upon said courts jurisdiction, his election or appointment; and provision concurrent with the District Courts, of actions shall be made by law for setting apart from to enforce mechanics' liens, wherein the amount (exclusive of interest) does not exceed three hundred dollars; and, also, of actions for the possession of lands and tenements, where the relation of landlord and tenant exists, or when such possession has been unlawfully or fraudulently obtained or withheld. The Legislature shall also prescribe, by law, the manner, and determine the cases in which appeals may be taken from Justices' and other Courts. The Supreme Court, the District Courts, and such other courts as the Legislature shall designate, shall be Courts of Record. SEC. 9. Provision shall be made, by law, prescribing the powers, duties, and responsibilities of any Municipal Court that may be established in pursuance of Section 1 of this Article; and also fixing, by law, the jurisdiction of said court, so as not to conflict with that of the several Courts of Record. SEC. 10. No judicial officer, except Justices of the Peace and City Recorders, shall receive, to his own use, any fees or perquisites of office. SEC. 11. The Justices of the Supreme Court and the District Judges shall be ineligible to any office, other than a judicial office, during the term for which they shall have been elected; and all elections or appointments of any such Judges, by the people, Legislature, or otherwise, during said period, to any office other than judicial, shall be void. SEC. 12. Judges shall not charge juries in respect to matters of fact, but may state the testimony and declare the law. SEC. 13. The style of all process shall be "The State of Nevada," and all prosecutions shall be conducted in the name and by the authority of the same. SEC. 14. There shall be but one form of civil action, and law and equity may be administered in the same action. SEC. 15. The Justices of the Supreme Court and District Judges shall each receive, quarterly, for their services, a compensation to be fixed by law, and which shall not be increased or diminished during the term for which they shall have been elected, unless in case a vacancy occurs, in which case the successor of the former incumbent shall receive only such sal SEC. 16. The Legislature, at its first session, and from time to time thereafter, shall provide, by law, that upon the institution of each civil action, and other proceedings, and also upon the perfecting of an appeal in any civil action or proceeding in the several Courts of Record in this State, a special court-fee or tax shall be advanced to the clerks of said courts, respectively, by the party or parties bringing such action or proceeding, or taking such appeal ; and the money so paid in shall be accounted for by such clerks, and applied towards the payment of the compensation of the Judges of said courts, as shall be directed by law. SEC. 17. The Legislature shall have no power to grant leave of absence to a judicial officer, and any such officer who shall absent himself from the State for more than ninety consecutive days, shall be deemed to have vacated his office. SEC. 18. No judicial officer shall be superseded, nor shall the organization of the several courts of the Territory of Nevada be changed, until the election and qualification of the several officers provided for in this article. ARTICLE VII. IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. SECTION 1. The Assembly shall have the sole power of impeaching. The concurrence of a majority of all the members elected shall be necessary to an impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate, and when sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice, according to law and evidence. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside over the Senate while sitting to try the Governor or Lieutenant-Governor, upon impeachment. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators elected. SEC. 2. The Governor and other State and Judicial officers, except Justices of the Peace, shall be liable to impeachment for misdemeanor MUNICIPAL AND OTHER CORPORATIONS FINANCE AND STATE DEBT. SEC. 5. Corporations may sue and be sued in all courts, in like manner as individuals. SEC. 6. No bank notes, or paper of any kind, shall ever be permitted to circulate as money in this State, except the Federal currency, and the notes of banks authorized under the laws of Congress. or malfeasance in office; but judgment in such the laws of the Territory of Nevada, shall be case shall not extend further than removal subject to the provisions of such laws until the from office, and disqualification to hold any Legislature shall pass laws regulating the same, office of honor, profit, or trust, under this State. in pursuance of the provisions of this ConstiThe party, whether convicted or acquitted, tution. shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. SEC. 3. For any reasonable cause, to be entered on the journals of each House, which may or may not be sufficient grounds for impeachment, the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, and Judges of the District Courts, shall be removed from office on the vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the Legislature, and the Justice or Judge complained of shall be served with a copy of the complaint against him, and shall have an opportunity of being heard in person or by counsel, in his defense; provided, that no member of either branch of the Legislature shall be eligible to fill the vacancy occasioned by such removal. SEC. 4. Provision shall be made by law for the removal from office of any civil officer, other than those in this article previously specified, for malfeasance or nonfeasance in the performance of his duties. ARTICLE VIII. MUNICIPAL AND OTHER CORPORATIONS. SECTION 1. The Legislature shall pass no special Act in any manner relating to corporate powers, except for municipal purposes; but corporations may be formed under general laws; and all such laws may, from time to time, be altered or repealed. SEC. 2. All real property, and possessory rights to the same, as well as personal property in this State, bolonging to corporations now existing, or hereafter created, shall be subject to taxation the same as property of individuals; provided, that the property of corporations formed for municipal, charitable, religious, or educational purposes, may be exempted by law. SEC. 3. Dues from corporations shall be secured by such means as may be prescribed by law; provided, that corporators in corporations formed under the laws of this State shall not be individually liable for the debts or liabilities of such corporation. SEC. 7. No right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation, until full compensation be first made or secured therefor. SEC. 8. The Legislature shall provide for the organization of cities and towns by general laws, and restrict their powers of taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit, except for procuring supplies of water. SEC. 9. The State shall not donate or loan money or its credit, subscribe to, or be interested in the stock of any company, association, or corporation, except corporations formed for educational or charitable purposes. SEC. 10. No county, city, town, or other municipal corporation, shall become a stockholder in any joint stock company, corporation, or association whatever, or loan its credit in aid of any such company, corporation, or association, except railroad corporations, companies, or associations. ARTICLE IX. FINANCE AND STATE DEBT. SECTION 1. The fiscal year shall commence on the first day of January in each year. SEC. 2. The Legislature shall provide by law for an annual tax, sufficient to defray the、 estimated expenses of the State for each fiscal year; and whenever the expenses of any year shall exceed the income, the Legislature shall provide for levying a tax sufficient, with other sources of income, to pay the deficiency, as well as the estimated expenses of such ensuing year or two years. SEC. 3. For the purpose of enabling the State to transact its business upon a cash basis. from its organization, the State may contract public debts; but such debts shall never, in SEC. 4. Corporations created by or under the aggregate, exclusive of interest, exceed the TAXATION-EDUCATION. sum of three hundred thousand dollars, except be two years from the first Monday of January, for the purpose of defraying extraordinary ex- A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and until penses, as hereinafter mentioned. Every such debt shall be authorized by law for some purpose, or purposes, to be distinctly specified therein; and every such law shall provide for levying an annual tax sufficient to pay the interest semi-annually, and the principal within twenty years from the passage of such law, and shall specially appropriate the proceeds of said taxes to the payment of said principal and interest; and such appropriation shall not be repealed, nor the taxes be postponed or diminished, until the principal and interest of said debts shall have been wholly paid. Every contract of indebtedness entered into, or assumed, by or on behalf of the State, when all its debts and liabilities amount to said sum before-mentioned, shall be void and of no effect, except in cases of money borrowed to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, defend the State in time of war, or, if hostilities be threatened, provide for the public defense. the election and the qualification of his successor, and whose duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 2. The Legislature shall provide for a uniform system of common schools, by which a school shall be established and maintained in each school district at least six months in every year, and any school district neglecting to establish and maintain such a school, or which shall allow instruction of a sectarian character therein, may be deprived of its proportion of the interest of the public school fund during such neglect or infraction, and the Legislature may pass such laws as will tend to secure a general attendance of the children in each school district upon said public schools. SEC. 4. The State shall never assume the debts of any county, town, city, or other corporation whatever, unless such debts have been created to repel invasion, suppress inssurrection, or to provide for the public defense. ARTICLE X. TAXATION. SEC. 3. All lands, including the sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections in every township, donated for the benefit of the public schools in the Act of the Thirty-Eighth Congress, to enable the people of Nevada Territory to form a State Government, the thirty thousand acres of pub lic lands granted by an Act of Congress, approved July second, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-two, for each Senator and Representative in Congress, and all proceeds of lands that have been, or may hereafter be, granted or appropriated by the United States to this State, and also the five hundred thousand acres of land granted to the new States, under the Act of Congress distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several States of the Union, approved A. D. eighteen hundred and forty-one; provided, that Congress make provisions for, or authorizes such diversion to be made for the purpose herein contained, all estates that may escheat to the State, all of such per cent. as may be granted by Congress on the sale of land, all fines collected under the penal laws of the State, all property given or bequeathed to the State for educational purposes, and all proceeds derived from any or all of said sources, shall be and the same are hereSECTION 1. The Legislature shall encourage, by solemnly pledged for educational purposes, by all suitable means, the promotion of intel- and shall not be transferred to any other fund lectual, literary, scientific, mining, mechanical, for other uses; and the interest thereon shall, agricultural, and moral improvements; and from time to time, be apportioned among the also, provide for the election, by the people, at several counties in proportion to the ascerthe general election, of a Superintendent of tained numbers of the persons between the Public Instruction, whose term of office shall ages of six and eighteen years in the different SECTION 1. The Legislature shall provide by law for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation, and shall prescribe such regulations as shall secure a just valuation for taxation of all property, real, personal, and possessory, excepting mines and mining claims, the proceeds of which alone shall be taxed, and, also, excepting such property as may be exempted by law for municipal, educational, literary, scientific, religious, or charitable purposes.. ARTICLE XI. EDUCATION. MILITIA PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. counties, and the Legislature shall provide for| the sale of floating land warrants to cover the aforesaid lands, and for the investment of all proceeds derived from any of the above-mentioned sources, in United States bonds, or the bonds of this State; provided, that the interest only of the aforesaid proceeds shall be used for educational purposes, and any surplus interest shall be added to the principal sum; and, provided further, that such portions of said interest as may be necessary may be appropriated for the support of the State University. SEC. 4. The Legislature shall provide for the establishment of a State University, which shall embrace departments for agriculture, mechanic arts, and mining, to be controlled by a Board of Regents, whose duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 8. The Board of Regents shall, from the interest accruing from the first funds which come under their control, immediately organize and maintain the said mining department in such manner as to make it most effective and useful; provided, that all the proceeds of the public lands donated by Act of Congress, approved July second, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-two, for a college for the benefit of agriculture, the mechanic arts, and including military tactics, shall be invested by the said Board of Regents in a separate fund, to be appropriated exclusively for the benefit of the first named departments to the university, as set forth in Section Four above, and the Legislature shall provide that if, through neglect or any other contingency, any portion of the fund so set apart shall be lost or misappropriated, the State of Nevada shall replace said amount so lost or misappropriated in said fund, so that the principal of said fund shall remain forever undiminished. SEC. 5. The Legislature shall have power to establish normal schools, and such different grades of schools, from the primary department to the university, as in their discretion they may deem necessary, and all professors in said SEC. 9. No sectarian instruction shall be imuniversity, or teachers in said schools, of what-parted or tolerated in any school or university ever grade, shall be required to take and sub- that may be established under this Constitution. scribe to the oath as prescribed in Article Fifteenth of this Constitution. No professor or teacher who fails to comply with the provisions of any law framed in accordance with the provisions of this section, shall be entitled to receive any portion of the public moneys set apart for school purposes. SEC. 6. The Legislature shall provide a special tax of one-half of one mill on the dollar of all taxable property in the State, in addition to the other means provided for the support and maintenance of said university and common schools; provided, that at the end of ten years they may reduce said tax to one-quarter of one mill on each dollar of taxable property. SEC. 7. The Governor, Secretary of State, and Superintendent of Public Instruction shall, for the first four years, and until their successors are elected and qualified, constitute a Board of Regents, to control and manage the affairs of the university, and the funds of the same, under such regulations as may be provided by law. But the Legislature shall, at its regular session next preceding the expiration of the term of office of said Board of Regents, provide for the election of a new Board of Regents, and define their duties. ARTICLE XII. MILITIA. SECTION. 1. The Legislature shall provide by law for organizing and disciplining the militia of this State, for the effectual encouragement of volunteer corps, and the safe keeping of the public arms. SEC. 2. The Governor shall have power to call out the militia to execute the laws of the State, or to suppress insurrection or repel invasion. ARTICLE XIII. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. SECTION 1. Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, and deaf and dumb, and such other benevolent institutions as the public good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law. SEC. 2. A State Prison shall be established and maintained in such manner as may be prescribed by law, and provision may be made by law for the establishment and maintenance of a House of Refuge for juvenile offenders. SEC. 3. The respective counties of the State shall provide, as may be prescribed by law, BOUNDARY-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. for those inhabitants who, by reason of age and infirmity, or misfortunes, may have claim upon the sympathy and aid of society. ARTICLE XIV. BOUNDARY. a protect, and defend the Constitution and Government of the United States, and the Constitution and Government of the State of Nevada, against all enemies, whether domestic or foreign; and that I will bear true faith, allegiance and loyalty to the same, any ordinance, resoSECTION 1. The boundary of the State of lution, or law of any State, Convention, or LegNevada shall be as follows: Commencing at islature, to the contrary notwithstanding; and, point formed by the intersection of the thirty- further, that I do this with a full determination, eighth degree of longitude west from Washing pledge, and purpose, without any mental reserton with the thirty-seventh degree of north vation or evasion whatsoever. And I do further latitude; thence due west along said thirty- solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have not seventh degree of north latitude to the eastern fought a duel, nor sent or accepted a challenge boundary line of the State of California; thence to fight a duel, nor been a second to either in a north-westerly direction along the said party, nor in any manner aided or assisted in eastern boundary line of the State of California such duel, nor been knowingly the bearer of to the forty-third degree of longitude west from such challenge or acceptance, since the adopWashington; thence north along said forty-tion of the Constitution of the State of Nevada, third degree of west longitude and said eastern boundary line of the State of California to the forty-second degree of north latitude; thence due east along the said forty-second degree of north latitude to a point formed by its intersection of the aforesaid thirty-eighth degree of longitude west from Washington; thence due south down said thirty-eighth degree of west longitude to the place of beginning. And SEC. 3. No person shall be eligible to any whensoever Congress shall authorize the ad- office who is not a qualified elector under this dition to the Territory or State of Nevada of Constitution. No person who, while a citizen any portion of the territory on the easterly bor- of this State, has, since the adoption of this der of the foregoing defined limits, not exceed- Constitution, fought a duel with a deadly ing in extent one degree of longitude, the same weapon, sent or accepted a challenge to fight a shall thereupon be embraced within and be- duel with a deadly weapon, either within or come a part of this State. And, furthermore beyond the boundaries of this State, or who provided, that all such territory lying west of has acted as second, or knowingly conveyed a and adjoining the boundary line herein pre-challenge, or aided or assisted in any manner scribed, which the State of California may re- in fighting a duel, shall be allowed to hold any linquish to the Territory or State of Nevada office of honor, profit, or trust, or enjoy the shall thereupon be embraced within and constiright of suffrage under this Constitution. The tute a part of this State. Legislature shall provide, by law, for giving force and effect to this section. ARTICLE XV. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. SECTION 1. The seat of government shall be at Carson City; but no appropriation for the erection or purchase of capitol buildings shall be made during the next three years. SEC. 2. Members of the Legislature, and all officers, executive, judicial, and ministerial, shall, before they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe to the fol lowing oath, or affirmation: “I, and that I will not be so engaged or concerned, on SEC. 4. No perpetuities shall be allowed except for eleemosynary purposes. SEC. 5. The general election shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November. SEC. 6. The aggregate number of members of both branches of the Legislature shall never exceed seventy-five. SEC. 7. All county officers shall hold their offices at the county seat of their respective do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support, counties. |