DABUL,

D. This English letter has letters with corresponding powers, in the Arabic, Persian, Hindustani, Sanskrit, Hindi, Mahrathi, Guzerathi, Bengali, Urya, Telugu, Karnata, Tamil and Malayalam. In all these tongues, however, there is also a softer sounding D: The English compound Dh, also, the Tamil tongue excepted, has corresponding letters, simple, modified, or compounded, with both soft and hard sounds: d, and r, in several of the Indian tongues, are moreover, so pronounced as to be difficult for a European ear to catch their niceties and d and r are therefore frequently confounded. d and r are not used by the Chinese. Wilson. W. W. Hunter. DAB OR KOOSHAH, HIND Poa cynogenerally applied or so the first shoots of the Koos grass, it is called Dubsa, in Rohilcund and is made into rope in North Western India.

DAB. Hind. of Kuhat, a moist soil. DAB. Hind of Delhi, Anatherium muricatum,

DAB. POL. Quercus. Oak.

DAB or DOOB. BENG. Xyris indica.Linn. See Graminaceæ.

LABAR a river of Gwalior.

DABBA CHETTU, TEL Citrus medica, L. DABCHICK see Colymbidæ.

DABEE BENG. also Doobee, BENG. Xyris Indica.

DABI A Prince of Junagurh. DABLING pass leads from Chinese Tartary to Kunawer.

DABOU, a small weight of Masulipatam, equal to 191 grains.

DABUL OR DEBUL.

A sea-port town on the Malabar Coast, eight miles south of Severndroog. This port was burned about 1508, by the Portuguese viceroy Almeyda. He came to India, in 1505, the successor of Dias, Vasco-de-Gama and Cabral. On his arrival, he concluded a defensive treaty with the King of Vijianuggur, but the Venetians who up to that time had monopolized the trade with India, jealous of the growing power of the Portuguese, instigated the king of Egypt to oppose their progress. He accordingly sent a fleet under Mir Hukum, who in conjunction with the fleet of Guzerat, bore down upon Lorenzo, son of Almeyda and defeated him in 1508, Lorenzo falling in the fight Almeyda, to avenge his son's death burnt the port of Dabul, and defeated the enemy in the harbour of Diu, and then concluded a treaty.

DACCA.

DACCA, there are two towns of this name, one Dacca Jelalpur to the North of Ballargunj and Dacca proper between Dacca Jalalpur and the Megna River. Dacca yields rice, pulse, millet, maize, cotton, safflower, indigo, sugar, ginger, coffee and capsicum, but only cotton and safflower may be considered as staples peculiar to the district. The indigenous cotton of Dacca has long been celebrated for its superior quality. It is cultivated along the banks of the Megna from Feringy bazar to Edilpore in Backergunj, a distance of about forty miles; on the banks of the Brahmaputra creek (the ancient channel of the river of the same name) and along the Luckia and Banar. It presents different of finest of which is saaded pho quality, the material

of which the delicate muslins are made. It is described by Roxburgh as differing from the common herbaceous cotton plant of Bengal in several particulars, but chiefly in having a longer, finer and softer fibre than it. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) now so extensively used for dyeing silks in England and France, is one of the most valuable agricultural products of the district. Next to fine muslins, and embroidered fabrics, silverfiligree work is that for which Dacca is most celebrated. This art is also practised in great perfection at Cuttack, and in Sumatra, and China. The articles usually made at Dacca are ladies' ornaments, such as bracelets, earrings, brooches, chains, necklaces, &c. and Attar-dans and small boxes for natives. The design best adapted for displaying the delicate work of filigree is that of a leaf. The apparatus used in the art is exceedingly simple, consisting merely of a few small crucibles, a piece of bamboo for a blow-pipe, small hammers for flattening the wire, and sets of forceps for inter-twisting it. The drawing of silver and gold (ie. silver covered with gold) wire, used as thread in embroidery, is extensively carried on here. Benares is also celebrated for this art. There are several varieties of silver and

gold-thread (badia) made at Dacca, as kalabatoon for the embroidery of muslins and silks; goshoo for caps and covering the handles of chowries; sulmah for turbans, slippers, and hookah-snakes; and boolun for gold lace and brocades. Some of it is drawn almost as

e a hair. In the time of Aurungzebe a quantity of this article was made yearly for the Court at Delhi. A hundred sticks covered with it, and plain gold, and silver badla to

the amount of £2,000 in value, appear among | the items composing the Mulboos Khas Nuer, which was annually sent to the emperor. The manufacture of the exceedingly fine Dacca muslins, is slowly dying out. There is now no demand for those of the finest qualitythe ab-rowan and shubnam. The native nobility of India do not patronize the finest sort, and there is no market for them elsewhere. About the year 1850, there was only a single family of weavers in Dacca who could manufacture the very finest quality; and it took them six-months to make up one piece, but even for that piece they got no orders. Besides, the particular kind of cotton, kapas, supposed to be finer than the finest new Orleans staple, from which alone the thread was spun, is now never grown. Amongst mahomedans, the name of Dacca was Jehangirnuggur See India ; Inscriptions.-Dr. Taylor. DACCA JELALPUR and and Dacca Proper two districts in Bengal, their chief towns Faridpoor 115 miles and Dacca 150 miles, distant from Calcutta.

DACHRA a river in the Monghyr district near Hybatganj.

DACHZIEGEL. GER. Tiles.

DACOITY. An Anglo-Hindi legal term for a system of robbery by gangs of people of the country. It is derived from the hindustani term " daka," the verb being "daka parna" to plunder. In India, Thugs or Dacoits who have been tried and convicted as having belonged to a band of thug murderers or dacoits, but who, having made a full confession of their crimes (in some individual cases amounting to the murders of as many as eighty persons) and having denounced their associates, receive a conditional pardon. Originally in the criminal Code of India, "Dacoity" was applied to the armed bands who plundered, but it and the term Thug are now applied to several well-defined classes. Amongst these are the Bhuduk of the Nepal Terai, the Dasadh of Behar who make frequent predatory excursions into Lower Bengal, In the North West, are the Bind of Ghazepore the Nuth or gypsey, the Ahir, Boria, Kurmi and a host of low castes.

In

the Panjab, dacoity generally assumes the form of cattle-lifting. The Meena are the most active and energetic and are concerned in most of the dacoities of Northern India, And in the S. W. the Sonthal with his club, long bamboo spear and terrible Sonthal battle-axe, often sweeps down on the plains of Bheerbhoom, Hazaree bagh and adjacent districts, and the flare of their torches or light of the burning huts, give the first warning. DAORYDIUM CUPRESSINUM is the

Rimu or Red Pine timber tree of New Zealand. Yavana. DAOTYLIS. A grass that occupies barren soil. See Graminacea.

DACSHA, See Daksha.

DACTYLOPTERUS ORIENTALIS Cuv. a fish of the Indian seas of the order Acanthopterygii and family Loricati.

DAD. PER. HIND, Literaly a gift; a postfix and prefix much in use, as Khudadad given by God, the Theodotus of the Greeks; and Dev-Dutt of the hindus, Dad-khah a plaintiff for justice.

DADA. HIND. Grandfather.

DADA. H. Cedrus deodara, deodar or Himalayan cedar, see Diar.

DADAP TREES. See Coffee.

DADAR, a valley and town separated from the great plain of Cutch Gandava, by a line of jabbal or low hills. Dadar is excessively hot and a Persian couplet runs "Ai Allah! dozakh ki sakhti, chon Dadar hasti, Oh Lord! why did you make hell, when you have Dadar ?

DADDA, H. of Salt Range, Acacia eburnea.
DADI. Ir. Dice.

DADIMA. TEL. SANS. or DADIMA PANDU. TEL. Punica granatum. Pomegranate.

DAD-MAREE BENG. Ammannia vesica

toria.

DAD MURDAN. HIND. BENG. Cassia alata.-Linn.

DADOS. SP. Dice.

DADRUGNA. SANS. Cassia alata. DADRU HIND. of Hazara and Murree; Rhamnus virgatus. R. persica.

DADU a Vaishnava ascetic teacher who instituted a Byragi sect. According to Wilson, Dadu was a cotton cleaner of Ahmedabad who lived in the beginning of the 17th Century and established a monotheistical worship. see Dadu Panthi, Hindu, Vairagi.

DADUGA TEL, also Betta ganapa and Pasupu kadimi. Nauclea cordifolia, R. i. 514; a large tree common in the mountainous parts of the Coromandel coast. The wood is extremely beautiful resembling that of the Boxtree but lighter.- Ainslie's Mat. Med. p. 213. DADUNGAWU, a tutelary spirit of the Java hillmen.

DADU PANT’HI. A Vaishnava sect of hindus, whose tenets are derived from Ramanand after whom its founder is said to be the fifth spritual guide. Their worship is restricted to the " Japa" or repetition of the name of Rama, as the deity negatively described in the Vedanta theology. They have no temples or images. Dadu was born at Ahmedabad. They carry a rosary, have no frontal mark nor Mala, but wear a round or

four cornered hat. They are said to be numerons iu Marwar and Ajmir. Their chief place is Naraina, 40 miles from Jaipur. They are classed as (a) Virakta, who go bareheaded and have but one garment and one water pot. The (b) Naga who carry arms and serve hinda princes making good soldiers. The (c) Bhistu Dhari who follow the avocations of ordinary life. They burn their dead at dawn-Wilson See Dadu. Hindu; Dadu Panthi; Vairagi.

653 DAEE JUNNAEE. HIND. An acconhense: a midwife.

DAEE. A mahomedan sect who reside at Gajer, Mekran, Kej and Turbot, formed out of several Brahui tribes. They are a Scythic tribe associated with the Massagetæ, See

Kelat.

DAEJA. Literally lamp holders; the term DAEJA. Literally lamp holders; the term applied to the handmaids who invariably form a part of the Rajpoot Daeja, or Dower Tod's Rajasthan Vol. I, p. 628.

DEMIA EXTENSA R, Brown,

Syn,

DAGH, TURKI. A bill, a mountain, Alajah Dagh or variegated mountain, near Ararat.

SANSC.

DAGHA. GUZ. DHAGA. HIND. Thread. DAGHESTAN, see Persia. DAGING, MALAY, Flesh meat DAGOBA OF DHATUGARBHA. A buddhist bone or relic receptacle. The ancient edifices of Chichen in Central America, bear a striking resemblance to the Topes of India. The term is from Datula relic, Garbhan a shrine. Those of Ceylon end in a terminal Tee, in the form of a cube supporting a pointed spire,.

Talain name, Ta-Kong, the Shooay Dagon DAGON. BURMESE, A corruption of the buddhist temple of Rangoon, which rises magnificently from the summit of a scarped hill to a great height. SEE Rangoon ; Shooay Dagon.

DAGOOTHA, BURM.? Crooked timber, in Tavoy and Mergui, floats in water, and used for building boats, for planks of houses,

Cynancham exteuanm. Jacq

Chagal-banti Beng., Chron. Duk Sagoani Hind.

Asclepias echinata Roxb. Vela parti Tam. Utamani Jutuga Tel. This plant is used medicinally. Its fibre is known commercially as Ootrum fibre and is a promising substitute for flax, It is soft, white, silky, and strong: it can be procured in considerable quantities in Southern India, the Dæmia extensa being a common creeper belonging to the Asclepiadacea, M. E. Jar. Rep.

DAENDELS, Herman William, born at Hattem in Guilderland 21st October 1762 died at New Guinea 1818. He was Gover nor-General of Dutch India, and formed the great military road of Java.-Max Havelar. DAENY OR DANIE, in lat. 24° 57' N. Long. 52° 25' E., an island 14 miles long, on the south side of the Persian Gulf.-Horsburgh.

DAEZAJEE. a silver coin of Persia of value Rs. 14. Simmonds.

DAF HIND. A hand-drum, a tambourine. DAFFADAR, PERS, HIND. An officer in the native irregular cavalry.

DAFILA ACUTA, Lim. Pin-tails. DAFTAR PERS, a record book: Daftar Dar also Daftari; a record keeper.

DAGGER, one of a particular shape is the official weapon in modern Indian courts. A drawing of the dagger of ministry is given in the last volume of Duff's History of the Mahrattas. Hind. Theat. Vol. II. p. 149.

DAG. HIND of Kuhat, land cultivated only once in three years.

and dry rot.-Captain Dance.

DAGSHAL, 30°53' 1, 77°2′2, a military station S. S. W, of Simla. The cantonment is 6,025 feet above the sea. G. T, S.

DAH, PERS. HIND. Ten. Dah'm, the tenth in the Panjab, Dah-mahi-dar, Hind. farm servants hired for 10 months.

DAH. HIND in the N. W. Himalaya, a clod crusher, a flat beam of wood dragged It is the over the fields to smooth clods, Sohaga of the plains.-Powell.