warrant quoting them in full. They deal mainly with questions of corrections and additions to the new edition, with the exception of the following, which seems to refer to the original issue :

'I am extremely sorry to have kept the press waiting, but I did not receive yours of the 6th till this Instant. I hope you have not gone on with the 2nd Volume without the corrections? I will send you the conclusion before the End of the week; but I must beg you to let me have a waste sheet of the last of the 3rd Volume, as the set from which I correct '-no doubt the set sent by Lowndes to the Orange Coffee House in the name of Mr. Grafton-' is incomplete. . . . Pray let the sheet you had be put in a Cover and wafered, and without any direction.'

In another, Miss Burney has something to say about the titlepage, which to the first edition appears to have been 'Evelina, or a Young Lady's Entrance into the World':

. . If the Title pages are not yet printed off, I should be very glad to have this addition to them:

EVELINA,

OR

THE HISTORY OF

A YOUNG LADY's, etc., etc.

'I shall hope that you will favour me with 6 Setts of the New Edition when ready for publication, to be sent according to the former direction, for my particular friends; as, hitherto, I have been obliged to purchase whatever I have found necessary to present to them.'

Nor, when writing again, does the young lady fail to suggest there is room for improvement in the way the book is got up :

... But as I have heard many purchasers of the work complain of the coarseness of the paper, I hope you will suffer the 2nd Edition to be printed upon a better.'

Notices of a new novel were scanty and long in coming in those days, as we gather from the letter Miss Burney writes from Chessington, whither she had gone in May 1778 to recruit after an attack of inflammation of the lungs. After referring to her long and dangerous illness,' she asks for a finished set' to be sent to the Coffee House, and continues :

'I should not give you this trouble but that I am informed it is by no means usual for an author to purchase his own productions for his own use, though their value may, probably, be by no

one so readily acknowledged. Should the Book pass through another edition, I should be glad to have Timely Notice, as I have many corrections and some alterations to propose. I find that no Acct has yet appeared in the "Critical Review." I am extremely satisfied with what is said in the "Monthly" and "London"; and I heartily hope that the general sale will somewhat more than answer your expectations.'

And those three notices were all, it is believed, the book ever had. For the notice in the 'Critical Review,' a very good one when it came, Miss Burney had to wait till September, and for the third edition till early in 1779 before being further complimented (as he called it) by Mr. Lowndes. The compliment took the form of a £10 note, bringing the whole sum received for 'Evelina' up to £30. But then, if one strikes the balance between that and the sums paid for the other novels, Miss Burney will not appear, on the whole, ill-paid. 'The Wanderer' is probably the dullest book in this or any other language ever written by an author with so sprightly an early record in her favour as 'Evelina'; yet within six months 3,600 copies of it, at the price of two guineas each, were positively sold and paid for, of which Madame d'Arblay's share was at least £1,500.

For Cecilia' Miss Burney never seems to have received more than £250; but out of 'Camilla,' published in 1796 by subscription, Madame d'Arblay must have cleared at least three thousand guineas. At the lowest estimate, therefore, her four books (of which two are bad) brought their authoress something like £5,000. It may be noted that the price of 'Evelina' in the libraries was 7s. 6d. sewed, and 9s. bound; of 'Cecilia' 12s. 6d. sewed; and of 'Camilla,' £1 1s. for the five volumes octavo.

In conclusion, something should be said of the extremely interesting Grangerized edition of Madame d'Arblay's Diary (first edited by her niece, Mrs. Barrett, in 1842), from which, by kind permission of Miss Burney, 'Evelina's' great-grand-niece, the above hitherto unpublished letters to Lowndes have been taken. To Grangerize a book, as most people know, is to illustrate it with letters, portraits, views-in short, with anything that bears reference to the text; though not all, probably, are aware that the ingenious process owes its name to a Mr. Granger, a learned clergyman, who in the year 1769 first set the fashion by so illustrating an edition of the History of England.

In Miss Burney's clever and sympathetic hands Madame

d'Arblay's diary is so completely illustrated with portraits and letters, even with views of the country-houses and towns visited in the royal tours when Fanny was at Court, that scarcely a reference is unaccounted for. It would take too long to do more than peep at random within the six large volumes, but peep where one may one is sure to find something worth recording. Here, for instance, is Arthur Young's profile drawn by Dance, his long, inquiring nose looking down on a letter of Goldsmith's, a letter which, though his own and describing someone else, might almost have been written of him by the envious Kenrick:

". . . . I have just parted with an immense beau, one Mr. Thompson-the ugliest man I think I ever saw. I know but little of him or his character, and am in doubt whether I should put him down for a great fool or a smatterer in wit. Something, methinks, I saw wrong in him by his dress. If this fellow delighted not so much in ridicule that he will not spare himself, he must be plaguy silly to take such pains to make his ugliness more conspicuous than it otherwise would be.'

Here, again, are glimpses of the early success of 'Evelina' and "Cecilia,' both recorded by Mrs. Thrale. The first, dated 'Saturday, November 21, 1778,' bears the following note, written at the head of the paper, by Madame d'Arblay :

'From kind Mrs. Thrale to Dr. Burney, just as the discovery of the author of Evelina' was spread about:

. . . . I heard of you at Reynolds the other day. Mr. Holroyd, of our Sussex Militia here, told me how he had dined with you there, and how he heard you were father to the lady whose novel had been so much admired! "Are you acquainted at all with that lady, Madam ?" "Yes, sir, pretty well, Dieu merci." "That is charming indeed! But Mrs. Thrale is acquainted with all the great writers."

'This is a fact.

'So you are only Father to the Fannikin now, and I am her acquaintance.'

And of Cecilia' Mrs. Thrale writes from Brighton on a Saturday night in October 1782:

. . Fanny says, my dear Sir, that she cannot enjoy her Prayers without making you hear how sweetly she is Praised.

'Dr. Johnson is delighted with her Book; I read him many passages from it last night, and this morning he was at it himself-as natural as life. My Selections were the Vauxhall scene

ending with Harrel's Death-the conversation of Cecilia with Mrs. Belfield, whose character seems to me a masterpiece, as those Landskips are most valuable when there is no rising or setting Sun to catch the Eye, but all is natural, unforced, and true. Our Dr. dotes on Mr. Hobson, the bricklayer, and says if the Reviewers do not commend him particularly, they will be Blockheads. The Tragic Part interested, the Comic diverted him, and he is full of Admiration to think of our dear girl's power.

What a sweet Creature she is, after all! have any comfort of her. Mrs. Philips has Claims, and she is sick beside.'

But I am never to certainly the best

A turn of the page and we find the lady in a more caustic mood, when from Tunbridge Wells she writes some time in the year 1778:

'Mrs. Crewe is the handsomest woman here, and Mrs. Montagu the wisest; but the Place is so empty, it is no Praise to be either.'

And in one of unwonted gravity, when, in answer to Fanny's supplication that her authorship secret should be inviolably kept, she replies:

'Only three words to say that Evelina, with all her Powers (and she has many), never gave me so good an opinion of the writer as did the sweet letter I received yesterday; the Book only bespoke a clever girl, but the letter a good one.

This subject, however, shall never be mentioned more by me, for much must I be altered if ever I give Voluntary Pain to anyone who bears the name of Burney.'

Here, finally, before we close with two letters as interesting as any in the collection, is the very card of admission (lent Miss Burney by the Queen) to the Great Chamberlain, Sir Peter Burrell's box, for Warren Hastings's trial in Westminster Hall, and a long letter from the Duke of Orleans (afterwards Louis Philippe) dated Twickenham, December 10, 1816,' in which he says how much pleasure it gives him to send £10 to the Distressed Schoolmasters' Fund, seeing that for eight months he was himself a schoolmaster-a reference, of course, to his mathematical engagement when in America. And here is the key to some, at any rate, of the Windsor personages in the diary given many years afterwards by Madame d'Arblay to Mrs. Barrett, her niece, from which it appears that Oak was the King, Magnolia the Queen, Honeysuckle the Princess Elizabeth; that Mr. Turbulent was M. de Guiffardier, Colonel Fairly the Hon. Stephen Digby, Colonel Welbred Colonel Fulke Greville, and Colonel Price Mr. Welby.

The letters we refer to are from Pitt and Fox; nor could any, it seems to us, better sum up their characters, or more briefly and conclusively exhibit the secrets of their individual success and failure.

The first is from Pitt, written on half a sheet of paper, and giving one the impression, from the way it is folded, of having been passed across a table rather than despatched through the post. Tuesday, May 12, 1800.

'I mean to accept the highest offer provided it gives a Profit in the whole of Two Hundred Thousand Pounds.

6

'W. PITT.'

The second, from Fox, is addressed to Francis Dawson, Esq., Newmarket,' and is sent from St. Anne's Hill, on Sunday, March 18, 1798':

DEAR SIR,-Upon my return home Friday evening I received your letter, and am very sorry that at this moment it is utterly out of my power to pay you the ballance of our account or any part of it. I am making arrangements for paying off gradually what remains of my debts, and I assure you that yours shall not be forgotten. I am, dear sir,

'Yours ever,

'C. J. Fox.'

Poor Fox! Nearly his whole life spent in opposition, criblé de dettes and asking for time, unable even to spell properly, while Pitt, once, and once only, for three years out of power, passes brief notes across the Council table, dealing triumphantly in loans and subsidies which ultimately swell to millions.

WALTER FRITH.

VOL. XVIII.-NO. 106, N.S.

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