shillings, and the minimum twelve shillings, per annum, supposing no charge of rent for the school-rooms. (p. 474.) On the subject of these apartments, Mr. Wakefield in his examination observed, that the mere assistance from government to provide them gratis, would be so great an encouragement to education, that subscriptions would increase, and the zeal and the liberality of the public would be sufficient for all other purposes. With regard to the charge of teaching, the computation of this gentleman is much below that of Mr. Place: he says that one penny for each child per week would be adequate; and he adds, "I am not speaking from any calculation of my own, but from the information I have received in conversation with the different committees to which I belong, for schools under the Lancasterian system." (p. 79.) It is impossible that, in any terms adequate to the expression of our feelings, we can recommend this work and this subject to the attention of the public. We plead the cause of the rising generation and of posterity-of those wholly incapable of judging of the importance of instruction to their morals and their happiness. Could we bring forward to observation the myriads of human beings in helpless infancy, whose love and gratitude will reward the active friends of humanity: could these friends behold the workings of the heart, the trickling tears, the loud and yet tremulous joys of the innocent beneficiaries of their zeal and liberality, all admonition would be vain, and all exhortation needless; and Britain, in the possession of a virtuous and intelligent people, would find a better security for her liberty, her constitution, and her laws, than all the restrictions and limitations that legal ingenuity can invent, national jealousy demand, or lawless ambition require. CRIT. REV. VOL. IV. Nov. 1816. 3 Y BIBLIOTHECA ANTIQUA. For out of the olde feldes, as men saieth, ART. XI.-A Method for Trauell. Shewed by taking the view of France. As it stoode in the yeare of our Lord 1598. London, printed by THOMAS CREEDE, n: d: pp. 170. 4to. THE HE object of Sir Robert Dallington, the author of this rare and curious work, was to point out to the individuals at the time he wrote, about to make excursions upon the Continent, how they might best improve their time while absent, by observations upon the governments, institutions, and manners of the people, they visited; that they might not merely go there and back again, making themselves nuisances while abroad by their self sufficiency, and on their return home by their affectation, having learnt nothing but to prate about objects they had never seen, and things they could never understand. A work of the kind at the present moment might not be useless when those who have made trips for a few days to France, or the Netherlands, undertake to speak, to write, and to print as sagaciously and definitively upon all topics as if they had resided for as many years, with the best means of obtaining their knowledge and of forming their opinions. This is one reason why we have chosen this "Method for Trauel" as the subject for the present article, at a time when so many travellers are returning, or have returned, to their native country, to whom we should be unwilling to apply the satire of the old critic-" a horse in a malt-mill is as far in the morning as at night, when he hath done his days-work-so many travellers are as wise when they go forth as when they come home."+ Another *Undoubtedly the best work recently published upon the state of France is that of Mr. John Scott: the author's talent in the book-making art is as considerable as his other talents, which are by no means insignificant: he was absent from London only three weeks, and yet on his return pours from the press observations upon the moral, political, and financial state of France; the manners, opinions, and fashions of the people; their domestic habits and social dispositions. We have forgotten much of this eloquent and taking title. + Meres' Palladis Tamia, 1598, fo. 287 reason is the interest that will now naturally be taken by intelligent tourists in the state of France more than two centuries ago, described by a man of acuteness and learning. Sir Robert Dallington having been knighted by King James, was appointed to the important office of Master of the Charter House, on the recommendation of Prince Charles, who in the year following ascended the throne. His origin was probably low, as, according to Fuller, he was first bibleclerk of Bennet College, and afterwards kept a school in Norfolk, where gaining sufficient money for his purpose, he travelled through France and Italy. On his return he was made secretary to the Earl of Rutland, one of the Lords of the Privy Chamber to Prince Charles: this led to his nomination to the mastership of the Charter House, which place he continued to hold until his death, in 1637, at the age of seventy-six. Fuller (no mean authority) says that he had an excellent wit and judgment, and it seems clear that he was highly respected, as three persons were appointed to assist him in his office in his old age. It is reported that he was the first to introduce the custom of putting parts of the Scriptures into Latin verse; a practice, we believe, now generally followed in public schools. On entering upon his duties at the Charter House, he was greeted in a copy of Latin verses by Dr. Gray, the second master, of which two are given by Fuller. He was the author of several other works besides that on our table. 1. He joined some of his fellow collegians in Epitaphs upon Sir W. Buttes, who died in 1583. 2. A Survey of the Great Duke's State of Tuscany, in the year 1596. 3. Aphorismes Civil and Military, &c. 1615. The last is much applauded by his quaint but learned biographer. The "Method for Trauel" has no date, but that of 1605 has been assigned to it, and probably it is nearly correct, because the author speaks in it of the late Queen, and mentions his having past the prime of his life. The address to the reader, which follows the title, is remarkable principally for the censure it contains of the vast number of light pamphlets published about that time, "more for the printer's gain than the author's credit, or benefit of us the readers." It is succeeded by a digested table of things necessary to be observed by travellers, and then we arrive at a preliminary discourse called "the method for trauel," which is an explanation and enlargement of the table: after stating that "base and vulgar spirits houer still about home," and that "those are more noble and divine that imitate the Heavens and ioy in motion," he proceeds thus: "He therefore that intends to Trauell out of his owne country, must likewise resolue to Trauell out of his country fashion, and indeed out of himselfe: that is, out of his former intemperate feeding, disordinate drinking, thrift-lesse gaming, fruit-lesse time spending, violent exercising, and irregular misgouerning whatsoeuer: he must determine, that the end of his Trauell is his ripening in knowledge; and the end of his knowledge is the seruice of his countrie, which of right challengeth, the better part of vs. "This is done, by Preseruation of himselfe from the hazards of Trauell, and Obseruation of what he heares and sees in his trauelling. The hazards are two: of the minde, and of the body: that, by the infection of errors; this by the corruption of manners. For who so drinketh of the poysonous cup of the one, or tasteth of the sower liquor of the other, looseth the true rellish of religion and vertue, bringeth home a leprous soule, and a tainted body, retaining nothing but the shame of either, or repetance of both: wherof in my trauell I haue seene some examples, and by them made the vse to preuent both mischiefes, which I will briefly shewe.” He then gives the traveller advice respecting the preservation of his religion, the acquirement of languages, and other needful points: what he observes of the expenses of a traveller is worth extracting, for the sake of comparison with those at present usually incurred. Mony, the sinues of warre, and soule of Travell, as at home, so abroade is the man. They say he should haue two bagges, the one of crownes, the other of patience: but howsoeuer this last be emptie, I could wish that other were still full: whereout he must proportion his yearely expence, not exceeding the limmits of his propounded allowance. If he Trauell without a seruant, fourscore pounds sterling is a competent proportion, except he learne to ride : if he maintaine both these charges, he can be allowed no lesse, then one hundred and fiftie poundes: and to allowe aboue two hundred, were superfluous, and to his hurte. And thus rateably, according to the number he keepeth. The ordinarie rate of his expence, is this: ten gold crownes a moneth his owne dyet, eight for his man (at the most) two crownes a moneth his fencing, as much dancing, no lesse his reading, & fiftene crownes monethly his riding: but this exercise hee shall discontinue all the heate of the yeare. The remainder of his 150. pound I allow him for apparell, bookes, Travelling charges, tennis play, and other extraordinarie expences." "The view of France as it stoode in the yeare 1598," commences with a general description of the territory and its limits, and with notices of the most important havens and eities systematically arranged. The author afterwards arrives at Paris, and describes the public and private buildings of note, shrewdly adding the following anecdote, of which he also gives the obvious application. "I haue heard a tale of a President of Parliament, whose friends comming on a time to see him at his new house, began exceedingly to commend it, as indeed it deserued, as well for the rarenesse of the workmanship, as the goodnesse of the Stone, Timber, Marble, and such like. No (quoth he) ye mistake the stuffe whereof it is made; this house is onely built, de testes des fols, of fooles heades. I thinke many of our newe buildings in England, are made of the same stuffe." His observations upon the disputed Etymology of the name Paris are worthy of quotation. "Some say, this Towne was builded in the times of Amasias, King of Iuda, by some reliques of the Troian warre, and that it was called Lutece (a Luto) because the soyle in this place is very fatte, which is of such nature, as ye cannot well get it out, it doth so staine: whereof they haue a By-word, Il gaste comme la fange de Paris: It stayneth like the durt of Paris. Other say, it was called Paris of (Parresia) a Greeke word, which signifieth (saith this Authour) hardiesse ou ferocité, valour or fiercenesse, alleadging this verse, Et se Parrisios dixerunt nomine Franci, "And the Franks called themselues Parrisians, which signifieth valiant. And by this Etymologie would inferre, that the French is a warlike nation. But he is much mistaken in the word, for it signifieth onely a boldnes or liberty of speach: which whether they better deserue, or to be accounted valiant, you shall see, when I come to speake of the Frenchmans humour and nature in generall.” This last conjecture is confirmed by Rabelais, who does not treat the citizens with a superabundance of respect. Garagantua has produced an unexpected inundation, not of the most agreeable kind, from the top of Notre Dame, and the people are flying in all directions, exclaiming"Carimary, Carymara, par saincte Mamye, nous sommes baignez par rys, dont fut depuis la ville nommée Paris la quelle auparavant on appelloit Leucece ;" and a little further on he adds-"Dont estime Joaninus de Baranco, libro, de copiositate reverentiarum, que sont dictz Parrhesiens en |