Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai: Foundations of Human BehaviourRichard Potts Routledge, 28 июл. 2017 г. - Всего страниц: 407 The earliest sites at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania are among the best documented and most important for studies of human evolution. This book investigates the behavior of hominids at Olduvai using data of stone tools and animal bones, as well as the results of work in taphonomy (how animals become fossils), the behavior of mammals, and a wide range of ecological theory and data. By illustrating the ways in which modern and prehistoric evidence is used in making interpretations, the author guides the reader through the geological, ecological, and archeological areas involved in the study of humans.Based on his study of the Olduvai excavations, animal life, and stone tools, the author carefully examines conventional views and proposals about the early Olduvai sites. First, the evidence of site geology, tool cut marks, and other clues to the formation of the Olduvai sites are explored. On this basis, the large mammal communities in which early hominids lived are investigated, using methods which compare sites produced mainly by hominids with others made by carnivores. Questions about hominid hunting, scavenging, and the importance of eating meat are then scrutinized. The leading alternative positions on each issue are discussed, providing a basis for understanding some of the most contentious debates in paleo-anthropology today.The dominant interpretive model for the artifact and bone accumulations at Olduvai and other Plio-Pleistocene sites has been that they represent home bases, social foci similar to the campsites of hunter-gatherers. Based on paleo-ecological evidence and ecological models, the author critically analyzes the home base interpretation and proposes alternative views. A new view of the Olduvai sites - that they represent stone caches where hominids processed carcasses for food - is shown to have important implications for our understanding of hominid social behavior and evolution. |
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... fragments , bone surface condition , and types of bone breakage and surface damage ( Potts , 1982 ) . These types of data have helped to test ideas about the factors that could have affected the formation of the Olduvai sites . The uses ...
... fragments , bone surface condition , and types of bone breakage and surface damage ( Potts , 1982 ) . These types of data have helped to test ideas about the factors that could have affected the formation of the Olduvai sites . The uses ...
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... fragments TABLE 2.1 . Information about the Sample of Excavated Sites from Bed I at Olduvai Total Number of weight ... fragments . " The number of unidentified mammal bone fragments from FLKNN – 2 and 3 does not include approximately ...
... fragments TABLE 2.1 . Information about the Sample of Excavated Sites from Bed I at Olduvai Total Number of weight ... fragments . " The number of unidentified mammal bone fragments from FLKNN – 2 and 3 does not include approximately ...
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... fragments that could not be identified to body part or taxon , many of these were pieces of long bone shaft that could be classified to a specific size class of mammal . The majority of the identified fossils from each site belonged to ...
... fragments that could not be identified to body part or taxon , many of these were pieces of long bone shaft that could be classified to a specific size class of mammal . The majority of the identified fossils from each site belonged to ...
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... fragments were recovered by sieving in each excavation trench of FLK “ Zinj , " they were concentrated especially in two of the ten trenches . A conservative estimate of 54 % of the fragments were less than 1 cm in length . This ...
... fragments were recovered by sieving in each excavation trench of FLK “ Zinj , " they were concentrated especially in two of the ten trenches . A conservative estimate of 54 % of the fragments were less than 1 cm in length . This ...
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... fragments of elephant ribs and vertebrae that can be conjoined at clean surfaces where the fossilized bones were broken . Most of the major long bones of the elephant were found complete but crushed along their diaphyses . The elements ...
... fragments of elephant ribs and vertebrae that can be conjoined at clean surfaces where the fossilized bones were broken . Most of the major long bones of the elephant were found complete but crushed along their diaphyses . The elements ...
Содержание
Part II Formation of the Olduvai Sites | 35 |
Part III Hominid Behavior and Paleoecology | 151 |
Bibliography | 313 |
Site DK | 333 |
Site FLKNN3 | 351 |
FLKNN 2 | 361 |
Site FLK22 | 369 |
Site FL K North6 | 381 |
Index | 390 |
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Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai: Foundations of Human Behaviour Richard Potts Ограниченный просмотр - 2017 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
abundance accumulation activities African Amboseli analysis animal appear areas artifact sites assemblages behavior bone accumulation bovids carcasses carnivores Chapter collection complete concentration consistent Crocuta cut marks damage death early hominids elements equids evidence example excavated fact factors faunal Figure flakes FLK North-6 FLK Zinj FLKNN-2 foraging formation fossil fragments frags frequencies habitats home base hominid activities hominids human hunting hyenas idea identified important indet indicate inferences interpretation lake large mammals least levels locations long bones major mammal material meat Medium observed occur Olduvai sites original particular patterns Percentage period pieces places Pleistocene possible predation present Press primates processing produced proximal range relative remains represented result sample scavenging shaft similar skeletal social species specimens stone stone artifacts stone tools suggests suids surface TABLE taxa taxon transport weathering