Lakshmi, p. 60.)

Reti, affection; the consort of Kamadeva,

the god of love.

Revutee, the wife of Bala Ram, who was

3,888,000 years old at the time of her marriage. (See p. 48.)

Sactas, the worshippers of the Sactis. (See Sactis.) This sect, though numerous, is, from the profligacy of a large portion of its members, held in general disesteem. Sactis (The), p. 120.

Saka, or Sakya, a name of Buddha.

Rishis (The), p. 9.

Rivers. Numerous rivers are held sacred by the Hindus, viz. the Gunga or Ganges; (see Gunga); the Yamuna or Jumna; the Suraswati; the Godaveri; the Sindhu; the Krishna; the Brahmaputra, &c. &c. &c. The three first mentioned are called the Triveni, and form a junction at Allahabad, where multitudes of pilgrims annually resort in consequence to bathe. (See Triveni.)

Rohillas (The), p. 306.

Rohini, one of the daughters of Daksha, and the favourite wife of Soma, or Chandra.

Rosheniah Sect (The), 308.

Rudra, a name of Siva in his destroying

character.

Rudrani. Parvati, as the sacti of Rudra. Rukmini, the wife of Krishna; an incarnation of Lakshmi. (See Krishna.)

Runeka, the mother of Parashu Rama. Rutna Soor, one of the Datyas; from his blood shed on the ground in battle fresh demons sprung up.

S.

Sacambhari Bhavani, the guardian goddess of the Rajpoots, p. 284.

Sama, or Saman Veda, one of the Vedas. (See Vedas.)

Sambhu, a name of Siva. (See Siva.) Sami Tree, used in Puja, or worship. Samput, a vulture, by which Rama Chandra was directed to seek for Sita in Ceylon. This bird, with his brother Jutace, in early life made an attempt to gain the realms of celestial light; Jutaee relinquished the undertaking, but Samput persevered, and had his wings and plumage scorched for his pains, and fell to the ground. So keen was his sight, even in old age, that although Sita must have been at least one thousand miles distant, he beheld her, and directed Rama accordingly. Sanchanága, an enormous giant, in the form of a serpent, killed by Krishna. He is described by Colonel Wilford as having two countenances, one that of a man, and the other of a snake; and to have fixed his abode in a shell. His breath was believed to have been a fiery, poisonous wind, which burnt and destroyed all the animals and vegetables near it. This the Hindus, who imagine that his descendants still exist, consider as the hot winds of the African Deserts. The sage Agastya, who for his piety and learning was translated to the heavens, reduced this monster, and carried him about in an earthen pot.

Sani, or Shunee, the planet Saturn.

Sankara, a form of Siva, assumed by him to overthrow the Buddhas. Sanyasis, religious mendicants of the sect

of Siva.

Sasin, a roe, a fawn, or antelope; the vahan of Chandra.

Satkara, a deity worshipped by the Sauds. (See Sauds, p. 241.)

Satyavama, one of the wives of Vishnu ; also in his avatar of Krishna. Satyavrata, one of the seven Menus; and the holy king to whom Vishnu appeared in the first or Matsya Avatar, p. 14. Sauds (The), p. 241.

Savitri, a name of Surya; also of Suraswati, the Sacti of Brahma. Some singular stories are related of the curse of Savitri on the gods, in consequence of Brahma being united to Gayitri, which caused the worship of Brahma but once in a year; the distresses and wanderings of Indra; the avatars of Vishnu; the loss of Siva's virility; the destructive power of Agni or fire, which devours every thing, clean or unclean, that it touches; the inconstancy of Lakshmi or fortune; and, above all, the dreaded Hindu curse of barrenness upon all the goddesses. Gayitri, however, although she could not avert, rendered innocuous the curses of Savitri by countervailing boons; thus, those who did worship Brahma obtained the blessings of this world, and beatitude hereafter. Indra, although often oppressed and driven from his heaven, was restored to enjoy it in peace and security. Vishnu gave, by his avatars, tranquillity, happiness, and vir

tue to mankind; the Linga became of extensive worship; and Lakshmi, although inconstant, was always received, wherever she appeared, with smiles and welcome. Sectarial Marks, p. 162, pl. 2.

Sects. These I have noticed and referred to under their respective heads in my account. of Brahm (p. 1). In addition, however, to the six sects there described, it is to be observed, that the Vishnaivas are divided into two branches, the Goculast'has, and the Ramanuz: the first the worshippers of Krishna, the latter of Rama Chandra. These again are subdivided, one part of the Goculast has worshipping Krishna alone; a second worshipping him in conjunction with his mistress Radha; and a third (called Radhaballabhi) who adore Radha only, considering her as the active power of Vishnu in the eighth avatar. The followers of the last-mentioned sects have adopted the singular practice of presenting to their own wives the oblations intended for the goddess; and those among them who follow the left-handed path (there being in most sects a right-handed or decent path, and a left-handed or indecent. mode of worship), require their wives to be naked when attending them at their devotions. Among the Ramanuz some worship Rama only; others Rama and Sita.

The Saivas worship Siva and Bhavani conjointly, and adore the Linga or compound type of their god and goddess. (See Linga and Yoni.) The exclusive worshippers of Siva are the Lingis or Gymnosophists. Those of Bhavani, or any other of the female energies, are the Sactas, whose emblem is the Yoni. Seeloochuna, the affectionate wife of Megh

nad (son of Ravan), who after his overthrow and death, performed suttee with his head, and ascended to heaven. Sequani, a Japanese deity, p. 341, pl. 38. Sesha, or Ananta, the thousand-headed serpent, emblematical of eternity, on which Vishnu reclined on the primeval waters. (See Vishnu, p. 11.)

Seta, or Sita, the wife or sacti of Rama, p. 23.

Shaman Religion (The), p. 370.
Shaster, a holy ordinance.
Shatarupa, a name of Suraswati.

Shatukratu, or Shatkratu, a name of Indra. Shetula, a Hindu goddess, worshipped as a guardian deity against the small-pox and other cutaneous diseases: on inoculation, and in various stages of the smallpox offerings are made to this goddess. Shikhs (The), p. 227.

Shri, or Sri, a name of Laksmi. Shushtee, the goddess of fecundity, a Hindu deity, represented as a yellow woman sitting on a cat; regarded by the Hindus, says Mr. Ward, as the protectress of children, and is especially worshipped by females who have not been blessed with any. She is also worshipped monthly by women who have lost their children, and is generally invoked by parents as their protectress. The cat being sacred to Shustee the Hindus avoid hurting one, lest the goddess should injure their children. Sidasiva, a name of Siva.

Silvanka Yoni, p. 174.

Sindhu, one of the sacred rivers of the Hindus.

Singhu Vahini, a form of Durga or Parvati.

This, like other forms of the Sacti of Siva, is described with four arms, sitting on a lion, and armed with a sword and spear, &c.

Sintiphos (The), p. 326.
Sirmoris (The), p. 304.
Sita Maya. Shetula.
Siva, p. 62.

Skanda, a name of Siva.

Sootar (or the carpenter), a name of Viswakarma.

Sradha, p. 162.

Sruva. Lustral spoons. (See fig. 8, 9, and 10, pl. 32.)

Stones. Certain stones are held sacred by the Hindus the principal are the Salagrama, Binlang, and Linga. (See Salagrama, p. 176, and Linga, p. 174.)

Subha, a portico of a Hindu temple. Subhadra, the sister of Juggarnath and Bala Rama; placed in the temples and worshipped with Juggarnath.

Subramanhi, a name of Kartikeya in the south of India.

Sudras, the tribe of husbandmen of the Hindus, produced from the feet of Brahina. Sudyumna. (See Ila.)

Sugrivu, king of Karnata, who received and assisted Rama Chandra in recovering Sita in the war of Lanka. Suguru, p. 8.

Sukra, p. 134. Sumatra, p. 360.

Sumudra, or Samudra. The sea; is worshipped (says Mr. Ward) by the Hindus when they visit the sea, as well as at the

different festivals, and on the sixth day after the birth of a child. Surabhi, the boon-granting cow: one of the articles produced at the churning of the ocean. (See Kamdenu.)

Suradevi, the goddess of wine, one of the good things produced at the churning of the ocean. After having taken so much trouble to bring her from the fathomless deep, it might have been expected that more respect would have been paid to her. She is, however, at present wholly neglected, whatever value may have been assigned to her heretofore. It has been concluded that, although the Hindu religion has restrained the use of spirituous liquors, the earlier inhabitants of India had no objection to it.

Suras, children of Aditi. (See Diti.) Suraswati, see p. 9; also one of the sacred rivers of the Hindus, which rises in the

north, and is supposed, after losing itself under ground, to join the Gunga or Ganges near Allahabad.

Surpanukha, the sister of Ravan, whose nose and ears were cut off by Lakshman. (See p. 24.)

Suti. (See Parvati, p. 79.)

Suttee, p. 166. The sketch from which the small representation in fig. 2, pl. 28, is taken, is by an eye witness of a suttee, which took place on the banks of the Hooghley, at Choikdho, near Suk Saugor, a few miles from Calcutta, in December 1829. In this instance, as in that related in p. 169, every exertion was made to save the female from self-immolation; but to every remonstrance that could be urged she answered calmly, but determinedly,

that her god called her and she must burn.

Swadha, the goddess of funeral obsequies, termed by Mr. Colebrooke the food of the manes. The word appears to possess a mystical meaning.

Swaha, the sacti of Agni (the Vesta of the Romans). Her name is repeated at burntofferings and other ceremonies of the Hindus. (See Agni, p. 115.)

Swanareta, one of the Adityas, a name of the sun. (See Adityas.)

Swardevi, a benevolent name of Bhavani or

Parvati.

Swarochesha, one of the seven Menus. Swayambhuva, the first Menu, considered by Sir W.Jones to have been synonymous

with Adam.

Swerga, or Sorgon, the heaven of Indra on Mount Meru.

Sydeva, one of the five Pandu brethren. (See Pandus.)

T.

Tag Bahadur, one of the ten leaders of the Shikhs, p. 227.

Tamasa, one of the seven Menus.

Tapyasa, or Tapass, p. 165 and 251, fig. 8, pl. 26, and fig. 3, pl. 28.

Tara, a form of Durga or Parvati, a variety of Kali painted black. (See Kali and pl. 19.)

Tarika, a demon destroyed by Kartikeya, p. 75.

Tee, the umbrella which crowns the top of a Burman praw or pagoda, without which it is not considered to be sanctified. In restoring that of the Shoe Dagon at Ran

goon, which had been destroyed by an earthquake in 1769, the King of Ava attended with an army of 50,000 men. Temples, p. 155..

Teyo-ke-o-dae-sin, the creator of the Japanese, p. 332,

Ten-seo-dae-sin, the principal goddess of the Japanese, p. 332.

T'hakur, or T'akur, a name of Vishnu.

Tila Sesamun, used in puja, or worship.

Tonquin Chinese, p. 369.

Tookia, a deity worshipped by the Koombies, p. 290.

Traga, an abominable practice in use among the Kattees, the object of which is similar to the d'herna, but more barbarous, p. 281.

Trees and plants. The bilwa, tolusa, and other trees and plants, are sacred among the Hindus. A leaf of the tolusa is always placed under a salagrama stone. (See Jalandhara, p. 247.)

Trilu, a Brahman, who cursed Siva to deprive him of his virility, for seducing his wife under the form of a Sanyasi. Triparasura, a name of Tarika. Trip'hala, the trident or trisula of Siva. Trisula, the trident of Siva. It is considered to be in continual motion over the face of the universe to guard and preserve its creatures. To oppose its course would be to incur immediate death. Its motion would appear to be regular, but varying according to the days in the week; thus it is imagined that it is unlucky to proceed towards the westward on Sundays and Fridays, to the northward on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, to the eastward on Satur

days and Mondays, and to the southward on Thursdays.

Trivena, or three plaited locks, allegorical of the holy rivers Gunga (or Ganges), Yamuna (or Jumna), which join near Allahabad, and the Suraswati, which is also supposed to join the other two under ground. A person dying near the imagined confluence of the three streams, or even those of the Gunga and Yamuna, attains immediate beatitude; consequently self, or selfpermitted, immolation, suttees, &c. are meritorious on this peculiarly holy spot. Trivikrum or the three-stepper, a name of Vishnu. (See fifth avatar.)

U.

Uma, a name of Parvati. Under this name the goddess was surprised by the Rishis in the forest of Gauri, in the embraces of Siva; in consequence of which that deity condemned every male who should, from that period, enter the forest, to a change of sex. This story has been also attributed to Rohini, the wife of Soma or Chandra, who surprised her in a similar situation with Siva, who accordingly transformed the unfortunate husband into a female. Hence the moon, which was before a male, became of the female sex. (See Chandra, p. 131.)

Unee and Unkpan, chiefs in the army of Ravan.

Ungad, a general in Sugrivu's army, attached to Rama Chandra in the war of Lanka. On one occasion, when Ravan pressed powerfully upon the gods, Ungad seized him by the leg and pulled him down. Upanishad, a portion of the Vedas. (See Vedas.)