for the good of the Church of England, and the churches in the archdiocese of Canterbury, the Dean has ever been foremost in advocating, and although (owing to his not being in the eye of the multitude through his locale) his name may not be so well known as those of more prominent but less worthy dignitaries, those who know of the vastness of his learning, the extent of his labours, and the earnestness of his piety, agree that if one thing compensated for the loss of Alford, it was the selection of his successor.

Dean Payne Smith married, in 1850, Catherine, daughter of the Rev. W. G. Freeman, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Rector of Milton.

MR. HENRY LAMPLOUGH.

THE subject of this memoir is the third son of the late Benjamin Lamplough, Merchant and Captain, of Bridlington Quay, in the County of York. Mr. Lamplough was born in the year 1813, and we believe he was originally intended for the sea, giving some time to the study of the mysteries of the nautical profession, but young Lamplough's mind soared to something higher, and to what was destined to so materially benefit his fellow men, namely the study of Chemistry in all its branches. With this end in view he resigned his connection with the water and entered the, at that time, distinguished seminary at Leeds, conducted by the Messrs. Vigstons, of Woodhouse lane. Mr. Lamplough was there prepared for his chosen profession, and was ultimately articled to Mr. S. H. Turner, of Scarborough. Whilst at Scarborough, young Lamplough-stripling though he was-highly distinguished himself for his bravery. During the great historical hurricane of September, 1833 (in which the Amphitrite frigate was lost on the coast of France with all hands), whilst the Life Boat was put off to try and save a perishing crew, young Lamplough

also took an open boat, with three men, and was thus the means of rescuing the whole of a ship's hands which had come on shore near the Pier. The storm increasing in violence, washing up the waves to the wharves and houses, one wave, greater than the preceding, bounding in, carried away two females, when Mr. Lamplough plunged fearlessly in, and succeeded in saving both. For this noble and bold act he was presented with a beautifully bound copy of Hinderwell's "History of Scarborough," with two elaborately printed Addresses in gold letters.

At the expiration of the term of his pupilage at Scarborough, Mr. Lamplough came to the metropolis, and shortly afterwards became acquainted with the late Dr. W. Stevens whose work on Fever, the Cholera, and the Blood, was attracting universal attention. With this eminent man Mr. Lamplough formed a friendship, which only terminated when the Grim Messenger severed their earthly ties. Publishing a treatise on the Influence of Saline and the absence of light on the patient suffering from small-pox, it is stated that annually Mr. Lamplough distributed thousands of fly-sheet notices to the same effect, advising the public to remark one suggestive factthe great difference of the parts, covered and uncovered, during the progress of this rightly dreaded disease. And his theory has since been proved to demonstration. At a time when either the small-pox, or the fear of it, is at our very doors, it seems a not altogether inappropriate nor idle thing to call attention to these early discoveries of Mr. Lamplough. It is not within our province to dwell medically, on the vast revolution created in the chemical world by the subject of this sketch, but there is no earthly doubt that the public have for many years appreciated his popular form of effervescing Pyretic Saline. This is a febrifuge, and as possessing the most important elements calculated to restore and maintain health with equal vigour of body and mind it has been widely attested. Dr. Stevens (previously referred to) stated that "since its introduction the fatal West India Fevers were deprived of their terrors," whilst Her Majesty's Representative (the Governor of Sierra Leone) in a letter of request for additional supplies of the Pyretic Saline, stated that "it was of great value, and he should rejoice to hear it was in the hands of all Europeans visiting the tropics." In a memoir, however, it is not within the scope of our idea to dwell so much on what we

may call the work as it is to try and limn the life of the worker, who in this case is distinguished by several medals and diplomas of honour and title.

As far back as 1861, Mr. Lamplough published a pamphlet (Darton & Co., 58, Holborn Hill) on the monetary system. This was soon after the Crimean struggle, and caused considerable notice. At a period of great commercial depression, occasioned by the Russian War, Mr. Lamplough, in conjunction with a friend, submitted to Her Majesty's Government, through Lord Halifax (then Sir Charles Wood), the Chancellor of the Exchequer, a method of collecting and utilising the scattered wealth lying dormant and useless in the hands, or coffers, of thousands of private individuals; bringing also out and into fructifying operation the vast amount of gold held by the various Savings Banks, Benefit Clubs, Charitable, Religious, and other institutions dispersed throughout, not only this vast metropolis, but through every city, town, village, and hamlet in the United Kingdom. In 1861, he followed this up by again addressing the Chancellor of the Exchequer (Mr. Gladstone) on the same subject in greater detail seeming to be based on the following incident, and which had forcibly impressed itself on Mr. Lamplough's mind. A domestic in the service of the late Archbishop of York's family had, during a long and faithful servitude, saved a considerable sum in one pound notes. Some of them had run full thirty years. In one case the bank had ceased to exist; but ultimately the amount for which they were issued was obtained. It would be a loss of time to calculate the sum they would have amounted to had they been put out even at simple interest. The benefit accruing to hoarding was certainly one to the bank, and to the bank only. Had the plan Mr. Lamplough then presented to the public been in existence, that faithful servant would have been in possession of double the amount, without risking the principal, which she happily in this case obtained, and it would have conferred a corresponding benefit to the State. We know what has been carried out since this pamphlet, or rather treatise, was published, and it would, therefore, be a work of supererogation to further dwell upon it. As may be supposed, such a man as Mr. Lamplough has many times been requested to sit in Parliament, but he has found his more legitimate pursuits to take all his attention. No bigot, nor narrow-minded theorist, he has for many years been satisfied with those principles of enlightenment now

benefitting Society, casting aside those that have become effete through progressive discovery. At almost the full span of man's promised career, Mr. Lamplough is still actively furthering those views which have for their object the alleviation of human suffering and humanity's advancement in the truest and highest sense.

Mr. Lamplough has recently met with a severe domestic bereavement. The partner of his life for nearly fifty years has been taken to her rest. An acute sufferer, in one sense it may have been a release, but to him who is left behind a loss of this character is irreparable, and his palatial home at picturesque Deal is rendered desolate. His chief consolation is in active philanthropy-medical, moral, eleemosynary; and when, secundum naturam, his own summons shall arrive, no one will have better earned the promised "Well-done" of the Bridegroom.

WILLIAM BLADES.

WILLIAM BLADES, archæologist and bibliographer, is the son of the late William Blades, the well-known printer of cheques and Bank-notes, and was born on December 5th, 1824, at Clapham, Surrey. He was educated at the Clapham Grammar School, his tutor being the Rev. Charles Pritchard (now Savilian Professor of Astronomy in the University of Oxford), and upon leaving school entered his father's business at No. 11, Abchurch Lane, in the City of London, of which he is now the senior partner. Having acquired a practical knowledge of modern printing, the subject of our sketch began to study the history and practice of that Art in its infancy, and soon found that this enabled him to classify early printed books, and especially those of our first English printer, William Caxton, with much greater precision than had previously been attempted. In this pursuit he was much encouraged by Sir A. Panizzi, Chief Librarian of the British Museum, and Mr. Winter Jones, Keeper of the Printed Books, who

gave him letters of introduction to the owners of the chief private libraries in England. After cataloguing and collating minutely all the books printed by Caxton and preserved in the British Museum, he went to the great libraries in the Universities and Colleges of Oxford and Cambridge. There many interesting discoveries rewarded his researches, and several works, until then unknown as proceeding from Caxton's press, were added to his list. In a similar way he worked through the private collections at Althorp, Chatsworth, Ham House, Wilton, and many smaller libraries. The various Cathedral libraries, and the collections at Sion College, Lambeth Palace, the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, and others, were visited in turn, after which the great libraries in Paris, Lille, Bruges, Brussels, Haarlem, and many others, were investigated.

Mr. Blades' first essay at authorship was an exhaustive and interesting introduction to a reprint of a unique volume from Caxton's Westminster press, intituled "The Governayle of Helthe." This was issued in 1858, and was followed by numerous contributions to the leading magazines. In 1861, the first volume of Blades' magnum opus appeared, "The Life and Typography of William Caxton.' This was followed after two years by Vol. II. These were large and handsome 4to volumes, with numerous plates, and the reviews, without exception, spoke of them in the highest terms. Embodied in these books was the hard plodding work of many years. Mr. Blades was assisted in this labour of love by the advice and co-operation of Mr. H. Bradshaw, Chief Librarian of the University of Cambridge, Mr. Beedham, of Kimbolton, and Mr. G. Tupper, of London. For the first time the life of Caxton was thus placed upon a broad and historical basis, free from those thousand and one mythical tales and fanciful legends by which it had been enshrouded; whilst his works, ie., his printed books, were systematically divided into chronological epochs and classes, each one being so accurately described that just as Professor Owen could from a piece of bone deduce correctly the structure of the whole animal, so the bibliographer, by these new means at his disposal, could tell from the small fragment of a single leaf what the entire book had originally been. For many persons, however, five guineas (which was the price of the work) was too large a sum, and they were necessarily prohibited from purchasing this historical series of volumes. In 1877, Mr. Blades, with characteristic con