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in practice at the Bar, and is a member of the South Eastern Circuit.

The immediate subject of our memoir-the Honourable Sir Charles Edward Pollock, Knight, who is now a Judge of the High Court of Justice, Q.B. Division, but retains by statute his title of Baron, is the fourth son of the late Lord Chief Baron Pollock. He was born on October 31st, 1823, and was educated at Dean Colet's ancient foundation, St. Paul's School. Acting as Secretary to his father whilst that eminent lawyer was Attorney General (1843-44) young Pollock had a foretaste of the congenial work of which he was destined to have so large a share, and in the latter year he became a pupil of the late Sir James Shaw Willes (afterwards one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas). He remained in Mr. Willes' Chambers for nearly three years, and it was the young student's fortune that he should have read with so profound a lawyer. Mr. Justice Willes was considered one of the greatest authorities on Common Law of his day, and he seemed to take a special interest in his rising pupil, the son of his old friend. In 1847 Mr. Pollock was called to the Bar (at the Inner Temple) choosing the Home Circuit as the arena of his practice. Of course being the son of an eminent Judge was everything in young Mr. Pollock's favour, and perhaps gave him an advantage over his contemporaries, but his own merit and abilities, not the accident of being his father's son, was what brought him forward. In succession, Mr. Pollock filled the ancient offices of Tubman, and Post-man in the old Court of Exchequer, and in 1866 the learned gentleman took silk, being in that year appointed one of Her Majesty's Counsel. Whilst at the Bar Mr. Charles Pollock, Q.C., enjoyed a most extensive practice, and as most leading men are specially identified with a certain class of case, so Mr. Pollock would seem to have been more particularly associated with shipping and mercantile causes. He also was retained as counsel as well as arbitrator in railway cases, and was one of the best authorities on the Companies' Acts. No advocate ever commanded more respect also, both from Judge and juries, than Mr. Pollock, his clients seldom entrusting him with briefs which he did not personally attend to. Whilst at the Bar he wrote some learned legal works, amongst which may be mentioned "The Practice of the County Courts;" "A Treatise on the Power of the Courts

of Common Law to compel the Production of Documents for Inspection ;" and, jointly with the late Mr. F. P. Maude, A Compendium of the Law of Merchant Shipping."

On the resignation of the late Mr. Baron Channell (referred to in a previous page) Mr. Pollock was elevated to the bench, (after taking the coif and becoming a Serjeant at Law, ad eundum), a judicial appointment welcome alike to the public and the profession, each having long admitted the supereminent claims of Mr. Pollock, both as a worker and a lawyer, to the dignity. That a counsel enjoying so lucrative a practice should sacrifice some considerable means through being promoted to a Judgeship is but an argument for an increase of the judicial stipend, and although present legislation seems to be pointing in another direction, we believe it will be ultimately impossible for any one to state that when a man becomes a Judge he does so at his own monetary disadvantage. During the time Mr. Baron Pollock has been on the bench he has had several prominent cases before him, including the case of the Franconia; the trial of the Detectives; and the action relating to the Hampstead Hospital for Small-Pox.

The eldest brother of the learned subject of our biography is Sir Frederick Pollock, the Second Baronet, who holds the time-honoured office of Queen's Remembrancer and Senior Master of the High Court of Justice. This gentleman is also a great patron of art and literature, and belongs to two or three learned societies. The five other brothers of Sir Charles, are Mr. George Pollock, Master of the High Court; Mr. Henry Pollock; Sir (Frederick) Richard Pollock, K.C.S.I., Major-General Bengal Staff Corps; Mr. Edward Pollock, and Dr. Julius Pollock.

Sir Charles Pollock was never in Parliament, and took but little part in public affairs. In politics he was a Liberal. He, like the learned Judge whom he succeeded (the late Sir W. F. Channell), takes an interest in Church matters, and is Vice-President of the Rochester Diocesan Association. He has always taken an interest in the question of Commons, was an active member of the Commons Preservation Society, and is still one of the Conservators of Wimbledon Common, of whom he has been recently elected Chairman.

Sir Charles Pollock has been married three times. First (in 1848) to Nicola Sophia (who died in 1855), second daughter of the Rev. Henry Herbert, Rector of Inistioge,

County Kilkenny; secondly (in 1858), to Georgina (who died in 1864), youngest daughter of the late Honourable S. G. W. Archibald, Master of the Rolls of Nova Scotia, and sister of the late Mr. Justice Archibald; and thirdly, to Amy Menella, daughter of Hassard Hume Dodgson, Esq., Master of the High Court of Justice.

Baron Pollock is a Bencher of the Inner Temple, and a Magistrate for the County of Surrey. His eldest son is Herbert Charles Pollock, M.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge, a Member of the Inner Temple, and practising in London and on the S.E. Circuit (late the Home Circuit).

REV. DR. LOUIS LOEWE.

THIS profound German savant was born at Zülz, in Prussian Silesia, in 1809, and was first educated at Rosenburg, Silesia, subsequently proceeding to the theological colleges of Lissa, Nicolsburg, and Presburg, and the University of Berlin. There can be no doubt that since the death of the great Mezzofanti no living linguist has so nearly approached the Cardinal as the subject of this biography. He may, in his turn, be truly described as "a monster of human languages; a Briareus of the parts of speech,"* and such being the case we have no hesitation in, not only introducing him to the notice of our readers, but in following his remarkable career somewhat in detail.

A desire to cultivate the study of Oriental languages induced Dr. Louis Loewe in early life to leave Berlin for London. On his way to England he remained for some time in Hamburg, where, at the recommendation of the Russian minister, Baron Heinrich von Struve, he was entrusted with the classification of Oriental coins in the Sprewitz Cabinet, and received, as a remuneration for his work, a number of Dshoodsheed, Bulgarian, 'Abbásee and

* It was Lord Byron who described the great Cardinal in these felicitous

terms.

Fatimite coins, which formed the nucleus of his own numismatic cabinet, containing, at present, a very considerable number of valuable coins, procured by him during his travels in the East.

Furnished with letters of introduction, he was, soon after his arrival in London, presented by Mr. John George Children, Secretary of the Royal Society, to his late Royal Highness, the Duke of Sussex, in whom he subsequently found a great friend and Patron. The Earl of Munster, Lord Holland, Sir Alexander Johnston, Sir Gore Ouseley and Professor H. H. Wilson also evinced a great interest in his studies. Miss Emma Roberts introduced him to the Countess of Blessington, (see "The Literary Life and Correspondence of the Countess of Blessington" by Dr. R. R. Madden, Vol. II., p. 328). The latter recommended him to Sir Gardiner Willkinson, and every facility was afforded to Dr. Loewe to enter private libraries, museums and numismatic collections. A few months later, the Duke of Sussex gave him letters to his friends in the University of Cambridge-the Rev. E. Peacock, Principal of Trinity College, Rev. E. A. Browne, now Bishop of Winchester, and the Rev. Dr. Samuel Lee, Regius Professor of Hebrewwhen he proceeded there to accomplish his literary researches. Sir Francis Palgrave of the Chapter House, Westminster, afterwards introduced him to the Vice-Chancellor of Magdalen Hall and other friends in the University of Oxford, when he repaired also to that seat of learning for the prosecution of his studies. Dr. Loewe next went to Paris, where he became acquainted with Dr. John Borthwick Gilchrist, the great Hindoostanee scholar, Garcin de Tassy, Sylvestre de Lacy, Quatremere, Reinaud, Letronne, Jaubert, Jullien de Paris, General Pepe, and Admiral Sir Sydney Smith, the hero of Acre. He passed several months in that city, having frequent intercourse with his learned friends, and was introduced, previously to his leaving Paris, to the Société Asiatique, by Messieurs Reinaud and Burnouff. On his return to England, Dr. Hodgkin introduced him to the Philological Society, where, in the absence of the lecturer for the evening, Dr. Bialoblozki, Dr. Loewe was invited to give some account of his studies, and he selected the Egyptian language for his subject. During his sojourn in London he often visited the library of Kensington Palace, and His Royal Highness, the Duke of Sussex, had

frequent conversations with him on literary and philological subjects.

With a view of extending his literary researches, and acquiring a better knowledge of Oriental languages, specially of the Arabic, Coptic, Nubian, Turkish, Persian and Circassian tongues, he travelled in the years 1837, 38, and 39, under the auspices of the Duke of Sussex, the Earl of Münster, the Duke of Northumberland (at that time, Lord Prudhoe), and Admiral Sir Sydney Smith, in Egypt, Nubia, a part of Ethiopia, Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Asia Minor and Greece. On his arrival at Alexandria the doctor had the honour of being presented to Mohhammad Ali Pasha, the Viceroy of Egypt, by Monsieur Roquerbe, the Prussian Consul General, to deliver a letter of introduction to His Highness from Admiral Sir Sydney Smith.

The letter was read to him by Artin Bey. He was pleased to ask Dr. Loewe various questions respecting his literary pursuits; where he had learnt this or that; where he wished to go; and how long he thought of staying in Egypt. His Highness then requested from him a translation of some Hieroglyphical inscription, which Dr. Loewe promised to make, and the Pasha ordered that a Firman should be prepared for him, securing to him all the convenience in his researches that he could desire.

In Cairo, the learned subject of our sketch was introduced by the English Consul, Dr. Alfred S. Walne, to Lord Prudhoe, who took a most lively interest in his studies, and afforded him great facilities in their pursuit. He also presented him to Prince Puckler-Muscau, who had just returned from Abyssinia, and to other friends. (See for the Prince's account of Dr. Loewe's translation of a Hieroglyphical inscription on a small bronze figure of Isis in "Die Rückkehr," vom Verfasser der "Briefe eines Verstorbenen," vol. I. Egypten, p. 220, published by Alexander Dunker, in Berlin, 1846.)

Monsieur F. Fresnel (who was at that time at Djiddah) wrote to Monsieur Perron to let Loewe have any Arabic manuscript he liked from his own valuable library, which he had left with him and two other savants for their perusal. We should mention that Shaikh Moohammad Ayád Ettantavy, afterwards Professor of Oriental languages in St. Petersburgh, read with him the most important works in the Arabic language and became his great friend. Persian he studied with one of the Professors of the Govern

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