like the Earl of Aberdeen, he takes life too seriously. But he himself is the only sufferer for this, as his practical bent of mind leaves few difficulties to solve on his property, and allows nothing to stand in the way of successful results in his public business. Mr. Gladstone, amongst others, knows and appreciates the worth of Lord Dalhousie.

It is to circumstances beyond his own control that Lord Dalhousie owes qualities distinct from the ordinary narrow and traditional characteristics of an hereditary Peer, and those circumstances were, that he was not brought up by Peers in the close atmosphere of Peers, with the inevitable prospect of himself ultimately being a Peer. He went out into life with the understanding that his career would have to be of his own carving, and, given the talent of indomitable perseverance, he has done everything well, from his examinations as a cadet to the difficult duty of making excuses for the Home Office in the House of Lords.

The family of Dalhousie has been distinguished for many years past for the number of members it has given to the Indian services. The most important instance was the Marquis of Dalhousie, whose able administration of Indian affairs, in the position of Governor General (from 1848-1856) was adapted both to the wants and the spirit of those days, although his annexation policy was of the kind that would now much exercise Mr. Gladstone. He died in 1857 worn out by his labours as Governor-General of India. The successor to the Earldom, Lord Panmure (commonly called Fox-Maule), a cousin of the Marquis, had at one time (during the Crimean War) discharged, under Lord Palmerston, the afterwards combined functions of Secretary at War and Secretary for War.

There can be little doubt that the present Earl gathered much of his political instinct from intercourse with that hard, yet brilliant, Minister. Fox Maule's titulary mantle fell on his cousin, "the Admiral," (father of Lord Dalhousie) whose death in July, 1880, raised Lord Ramsay from the sphere of the House of Commons. He had in four short months, however, made himself not only a universal favorite there, but also on naval subjects, a very power and authority.

By his marriage, the Earl of Dalhousie has issue three

sons.

THE DUKE OF RICHMOND AND GORDON.

DESCENDED from King Charles the Martyr, the Lennoxes have played many important parts on the world's stage, but without going further back in History than the Battle of Orthes, we find Charles, the Fifth Duke (father of the noble subject of this sketch), bravely fighting side by side with Wellington, and where he was severely wounded. A curious incident attaches itself to this battle in connection with the last Duke of Richmond. The bullet with which he was struck was never extracted, and he carried it in his body till his death. He had the title of Duke D'Aubigny in France (which had been confirmed and registered by the Parliament of Paris in 1777), confirmed again in March, 1816, by Louis XVIII. He assumed the additional name of Gordon before Lennox by Royal License, dated August 9th, 1836.

The Sixth and present Duke of Richmond and Gordon, Charles Henry Gordon Lennox, K.G., P.C., D.C.L., is the eldest son of Charles, Fifth Duke, and Lady Caroline Paget, daughter of the Marquess of Anglesey, and was born at Richmond House, Whitehall, on February 27th, 1818. He was educated at Westminster, afterwards entering at Christ College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1839. In the same year he entered the Royal Horse Guards, becoming a Captain in 1844. In July, 1841, he entered Parliament as Earl of March, representing West Sussex in the Conservative interest until October, 1860, when he succeeded his father and took his seat in the Upper House. The Earl of March had not been in the House of Commons many weeks before it became evident that he possessed the germs of a sound politician, and this before he had attained the age of twenty-two. For twenty years in the Lower House he took the keenest interest in all political questions, and his speeches, "which are dotted all over 'Hansard are pregnant with thought, disclosing a consummate conversance with the subjects discussed. In 1859, the Duke of Richmond was appointed President of the Poor Law Board, and also sworn a Privy Councillor. He resigned the Presidency on the retirement of the late Earl of Derby and his Party, but after the resumption of power by the Conservatives in 1867, the Duke of Richmond was appointed President of the Board of Trade (which office he

retained from March 8th, 1867, until the resignation of the Conservative Government). In February, 1870, the Duke of Richmond and Gordon became the leader of the Conservative Party in the House of Lords; and when the late Earl of Beaconsfield formed his Cabinet in 1874, the Duke of Richmond became Lord President of the Council.

The Duke of Richmond, whilst Earl of March, was aide de camp to the late Duke of Wellington from 1842 until his decease; and to the late Viscount Hardinge from 1852-54.

Since the present Premier has been in power, both prior to 1874, and since 1880, the Duke of Richmond and Gordon has done good work for the Opposition. His influence in Committee is as much dreaded by the one Party as desired by the other; and, as a learned judge once remarked to the editor of this work, "The Duke of Richmond ought to have been at the Bar. As a noble and learned' Peer he would have been impregnable; as it is, he is a tower of strength." Allowing for the prejudice in favour of his own profession, we may paraphrase the tribute of the lawyer by rendering it to mean that his grace was practically invulnerable. Like the present Premier he seems au courant with all the questions-not only of the hour, but of the century; and there are few finer historical scholars in either House of Parliament than the Duke of Richmond and Gordon. Perhaps, of recent years, his attitude and speeches on the great question of the Disestablishment and Disendowment of the Irish Church merit most attention. He did more, practically, to throw out that measure than any other Peer, unless it was the Bishop of Peterborough, whose speech has since become historical. Theologically, the Duke has always opposed the Ritualists, but with moderation.

It may be of interest to our readers to give the full list of the Duke's titles and offices. Besides being the Duke of Richmond, he is Earl of March, Baron of Settrington, Duke of Lennox, Earl of Darnley, and Baron Methuen, Duke of Gordon, and Earl of Kinrara, also Duc D'Aubigny. The Duke of Richmond is hereditary Constable of Inverness Castle, Elder Brother of the Trinity House, and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Banff. He holds the rank of Captain in the Army, but is unattached. In 1861, the Duke of Richmond was elected Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, and he is Patron of four livings.

Concluding by a reference to the domestic or private side

of the character of the noble subject of this memoir, we may scarcely omit to put on record the magnificent hospitality which he exercises at Goodwood, especially during those days in the year when most of the nobility and nearly all the beauty of England visit Sussex for the annual carnival of the turf. Being fortunate in gaining for his duchess the accomplished daughter of the late Bath King of Arms (Algernon Frederick Greville, Esquire) the Duke of Richmond could scarcely have had a more fitting consort to preside over the palatial homes of the Lennoxes. The narrow escape of the Duke from a painful death the other day at Chichester not only spared him to the beloved partner of his honours, but saved the country a great and irreparable loss; for at this conjuncture we can scarcely afford to lose any of our tried and trusted statesmen. are heartily thankful, although not sharing all the political views of the Duke of Richmond, that what was practically a miracle continued so honoured, so useful, and so honorable a career.

We

By his marriage the Duke of Richmond and Gordon has had issue four sons and two daughters.

THE MARQUESS OF ABERGAVENNY.

THE MOST HONOURABLE WILLIAM NEVILL, Marquess of Abergavenny, and Earl of Lewes (United Kingdom, 1876); Earl of Abergavenny, and Viscount Nevill (Great Britain, 1784); and Baron of Abergavenny by tenure from temp Henry III. (England), is the eldest son of William, Fourth Earl of Abergavenny, by Caroline, daughter of the late Ralph Lecke, Esq., of Longford Hall, Shropshire. The Marquess of Abergavenny was born on September, 16th, 1826. His lordship on the completion of his education entered the 2nd Life Guards, and since 1875 the Marquess of Abergavenny has been Honorary Colonel of the West Kent Queen's Own Yeomanry Cavalry, taking much interest in the regiment.

The Marquess of Abergavenny is a strong Conservative, taking an active part in the organisation of the Party. When Lord Nevill, he was one of the principal promoters of the Junior Carlton Club, and of which for some years his lordship was Chairman. He was also for a considerable period, Chairman of the National Union of Conservative Associations. In August, 1878, the Marquess of Abergavenny presented to the late Earl of Beaconsfield and the Marquess of Salisbury, congratulatory addresses from Conservative Associations in various parts of the country, expressing satisfaction at the result of the Berlin Congress; admiration of the policy of Her Majesty's then Government; and thanks for the valuable services of the distinguished British plenipotentiaries. The deputation consisted of about nine hundred gentlemen. Several Members of Parliament and others were present. The Meeting took place at the Foreign Office.

Lord Abergavenny is equally prominent as an opponent of the Anglo-Catholic movement in the Anglican Church. Being a staunch Protestant he strongly disapproves of Ritualism. In 1877, he presented an Address signed by ninety-six peers to the Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of England expressing alarm at the introduction of the practice of auricular confession into the Church of England. He was also a strong approver of the Public Worship Regulation Act. Being Patron of four-and-twenty livings there is not much fear that Lord Abergavenny will induct any clergymen holding ultra Catholic views into any of his parishes. But his lordship is not a bigot in any sense of the word. His training and his intuitions, however, have led him to look with almost horror upon what he considers as the encroachments of Romanism, and he has the courage of his convictions. The House of Peers seems to be pretty equally divided on this question; for if it has its Marquess of Abergavenny and Lord Oranmore, it also contains Earls Nelson aud Devon. Probably the majority of their lordships share the views of the Marquess of Abergavenny. We also find his lordship's name on a recent protest against Ritualistic observances.

The Marquess of Abergavenny has never shirked work, although he has had no occasion to enter into the struggles of either politicians or polemics. But from the time he was in the 2nd Life Guards, he has ever been distinguished as a conscientious and enlightened leader. Respected as an