through the pressure of his professional duties. Much influence was brought to bear, in order to persuade Mr. Dick Peddie to continue in that position.

There are many persons in a large community who are public men in spite of themselves. Now although it was not until the last General Election that Mr. Dick Peddie sought a seat in Parliament, yet we may say that his whole life has been, more or less, passed in the public service. In the height of his practice, as we have seen, his connection with Select Committees and Supreme Courts considerably interfered with his professional duties, so much so that he had eventually to withdraw from all public matters. But whilst nominally an architect in extensive private practice, Mr. Dick Peddie was really a keen observer of both the social and political situation, and only waiting an opportunity of turning his matured knowledge to practical account. In proof of this, we may mention that in 1875 he was returned for the Edinburgh School Board (sometimes as important an election as a Parliamentary). An ardent and conspicuous Liberal, the member for Kilmarnock district ever took a keen interest in all matters educational, and no better administrator of educational legislation could well be returned to any School Board. But Mr. Dick Peddie's sphere was a wider one still. In 1878 he announced his intention of asking the suffrages of the electors of the Kilmarnock Burghs. Now we would here explain away an error with regard to Mr. Dick Peddie's political programme. It has been stated that Mr. Gladstone's tour in Scotland, prior to the last election, and whilst the right honourable gentleman was seeking the heart of Midlothian, had considerable influence over both Mr. Dick Peddie's political convictions and his action with regard to the constituency; in other phrase that the trumpet-notes of the veteran politician's words called out Mr. Dick Peddie to the battle. Nothing could be further from the truth, although we are just enough to admit that the Premier's historical speeches in Scotland stirred up the enthusiasm of many thousands of persons. But with regard to the subject of this biography, he had, two years previously, not only intended to contest his seat in the Liberal interest, but had actually given public notice of his intention. It required no clarion-note of the Premier to stimulate Mr. Dick Peddie to the fray. Hereditarily connected with movements for promoting civil and religious liberty, and as a United

Presbyterian and voluntary, and, since its origin, the Chairman of the Scottish Council of the Liberation Society; Mr. Dick Peddie was rather one of Mr. Gladstone's pioneers. If we may say so without irreverence, he was the "voice of one crying in the wilderness" to "prepare the way." And to show the esteem in which he was held, although the Liberal vote was divided through Mr. Commissioner Kerr's candidature, and a formidable Conservative opponent appeared in the person of Mr. J. N. Cuthbertson (the latter of whom succeeded in obtaining as many as 2,005 votes), Mr. Dick Peddie was placed at the head of the poll with a vast majority, the numbers being, respectively, Dick Peddie, 3,320; Cuthbertson, 2,005; Mr. Commissioner Kerr, 1,384. The previous member for Kilmarnock was Mr. James Fortescue Harrison.

Unlike three-fourths of his fellow-members, Mr. Dick is able to, and does, devote all his time to the interests of his constituents and the country; although had he continued a few years longer in his profession, his retiring fortune would have been much larger. Mr. Dick Peddie, however, inherits the passion of his ancestors for public duty, and a few thousands, more or less, are as nothing in the balance when it is a question of helping legislation with his experience, to ameliorate the condition of the human family.

As an author and writer on architectural subjects, Mr. Dick Peddie has published many articles in the "Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Scotland," the chief of them being an "Essay on Greek Architecture," and a paper on the "Architectural Features of Edinburgh." The honourable gentleman married, in 1851, Euphemia Lockhart, daughter of James Stephen More, Esq., of Edinburgh.

THE DEAN OF MANCHESTER.

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THOSE who remember the Pan-Anglican Synod Lambeth, in 1868, will also remember those interesting services which were held at the church of St. Lawrence, Jewry during the same period. Theologians of all schools of thought, ecclesiastics from across the Atlantic, English

dignitaries—all these, in their turn occupied the pulpit in that grand old City sanctuary, and which was then ruled by the subject of this paper-the Very Reverend the Dean of Manchester. The departure was one of the happiest which modern management had devised, and the crowded congregations at all hours of the day proved conclusively that were City churches opened more frequently for prayer and instruction the faithful would not altogether neglect the means of grace. Dr. Cowie was the pioneer in the now general movement, and the crowds who used to flock to hear Father Ignatius at the church of St. Edmund the King and Martyr, Lombard Street, at I p.m. on Fridays, practically owed those and similar spiritual advantages to the divine who forms the subject of this biography.

The Very Reverend Benjamin Morgan Cowie, D.D., was born on the 8th of June, 1816, and was educated partly abroad, in Paris, and partly by private tuition, in England. Mr. Cowie entered St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1835, and was elected Scholar of his college in 1838, proceeding to his B.A. degree in 1839, when he attained to the dignity of Senior Wrangler and Second Smith's Prizeman. In the same year he was elected Fellow of St. John's College. Mr. Cowie was ordained on his Fellowship, (deacon 1841, and priest 1842) by the then Bishop of Ely (Dr. Joseph Allen), and in 1843 (being then M.A.) he was Moderator of the Mathematical Tripos. In the latter year Mr. Cowie left the university for clerical work in the metropolis, and was licensed curate of the well-known church of St. Paul's, Wilton Place, by Bishop Blomfield, where he remained from the day of its consecration until 1845, when he accepted the Principalship of the College of Engineers at Putney, of which he remained Principal until its dissolution in 1850. Mr. Cowie afterwards resided at the Cedars, Putney, and at Stoke House, Stoke D'Abernon, Surrey. In 1852 Mr. Cowie was Select Preacher at Cambridge University, and in 1853-54 Hulsean Lecturer. These Lectures were afterwards published by Rivingtons (2 volumes, 8vo). In 1854, Mr. Cowie took the degree of B.D. (We should state that he was also Select Preacher in 1856.) In 1854, the subject of this sketch was elected to a thoroughly congenial post-that of Professor of Geometry at Gresham College. Those who know what a Senior Wranglership at Cambridge implies, will understand that such an appointment could scarcely have been more felicitously bestowed.

As Thomas Carlyle so characteristically expressed himself in his bequest to Edinburgh University, mathematics is the principal science which enables the human mind to think or work coherently, and there is no contemporary clergyman who is a more profound mathematician than Dean Cowie. His association with the College of Engineers at Putney gave clear proof of his powers in this direction, and it is this which has made his sermons, and, indeed, all his works, so convincing and with no vulnerable points. Dean Cowie still holds the Gresham Professorship.

In 1856, the dean was appointed to a Minor Canonry in St. Paul's Cathedral, and in 1857 to the Vicarage of St. Lawrence, Jewry, with St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street (by Guildhall). Amongst the large number of canons, prebends, and minor-canons, we believe we are correct in stating that Dr. Cowie, for fully twelve years was single-handed in the attempt to re-assert Catholic usage. Minor Canon Milman (son of the Broad Church dean) was certainly on his side, but what were these among so many, especially when that "many" were higher in authority than themselves, and also against them. The four residentiary canons of the period of which we are writing were notoriously Evangelical, and even the dean cared more for the study than the altar. Dr. Cowie had the satisfaction, however, of seeing at least two canons and a dean after his own heart installed at St. Paul's prior to his leaving on his promotion as Dean of Manchester, and the good work has since been vigorously carried on (Vide memoir of the Dean of St. Paul's.)

In 1858, when Dr. Temple (now Bishop of Exeter), was appointed Head Master of Rugby, Dr. Cowie succeeded him in the office of Her Majesty's Inspector of Training Colleges for Church of England Schoolmasters under the Education Department of the Privy Council, being nominated by Earl Granville, the Lord President.

Cowie has since been employed under the Crown in the Royal Commission (known as Earl Powis' Commission) for enquiring into the National System in Ireland. From 186670 Dr. Cowie was Warburton Lecturer at Lincoln's Inn, and in 1871 (on January 14th) was appointed one of Her Majesty's Chaplains in Ordinary. A year later Dr. Cowie was appointed by the Queen to the Deanery of Manchester. In July, 1880, he was elected Prolocutor of the Lower House of Convocation of the Northern Province

and in November of the same year he proceeded to the degree of D.D. in the University of Cambridge.

The Dean of Manchester has taken a prominent part in Church Congresses. In the Congress at Southampton, he read a paper on the Revised Code, also speaking at the Brighton Congress in 1874. At the Congresses at Stoke, Sheffield, and Plymouth, Dean Cowie also read papers; an utterance of his on Infidelity causing considerable notice at the time of its enunciation. We cannot afford the space to further dwell on these addresses, but from what is known of the Dean's theological position, their scope and learning may be easily understood. As a contributor to the higher-class reviews on subjects connected with his sacred office the dean has also been most industrious, his paper in the Second Series of "The Church and the Age" on "Toleration" being a chef d'œuvre of literary and argumentative skill. His contributions on "Lay Agency in the Church of England" and "Free and Open Churches," read at the First Diocesan Conference held at Manchester, are worthy a close and attentive perusal. The dean also, at the Second Manchester Diocesan Conference read an elaborate paper on "Church and State." At a Missionary Conference held at Oxford, in 1877, Dr. Cowie read a paper on "Civilisation and Christianity.'

Amongst the other works of Dean Cowie, besides his "Hulsean Lectures" already referred to ("Scripture Difficulties"), we may mention his "Catalogue Raisonné of the MSS. and Rare Books in the Library of St. John's College, Cambridge" (4to, Deighton, 1841); "A Letter to Sir R. Inglis on the Injustice of Refusing the Maynooth Grant" (Dalton, 1845); "Five Sermons on 'Sacrifice and Atonement' preached before the University of Cambridge" (Deighton, 1856); “An Address to the Clergy of Sion College on the Essays and Reviews'" (Bell and Daldy, 1861); "Reminiscences of a City Church" (Dalton, 1867); 'The Voice of God-Chapters on Foreknowledge, Inspiration, and Prophecy" (Wells Gardner, 1870, the Warburton Lectures); "Commemoration Sermon at St. John's College, Cambridge," May 6th, 1871 (Wells Gardner, 1871); “The Bread of Life"-a Harvest Thanksgiving Sermon (Gravatt, 1871); "The Lord is Risen Indeed "-Easter Sermon (Gravatt, 1872); and Sermons on his Installation as Dean of Manchester and at an Ordination by the Bishop of Man chester (1872), &c., &c.