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What inference may be drawn respecting the capture of Philadelphia? It was probably the salvation of our army, if not of our country.

What humorous remark has been made upon this subject? That Philadelphia took Howe. rather than Howe Philadelphia.

Who soon succeeded Howe, as commander of the British? Sir Henry Clinton.

What resolution was formed in England, on our alliance with France ?

Why? The ministers probably feared, that by the aid of the French fleet, Washington would treat Clinton, as Gates had treated Burgoyne.

Where did the English wish to concentrate their forces?

In what month, did the British evacuate Philadelphia ?

How long had they occupied it? Which did the hostile troops occupy longest, Boston or Philadelphia?-How much?

Who pursued the British in their retreat through N. J.?

How long after they had pursued him through the same state? Where did they come to a battle?

How far from Philadelphia?

In what place, very near Monmouth, was the principal part of the battle? Freehold.

Which way is Freehold from Phil.?-from N. Y. ?

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What British admiral followed D'Estaing to R. I.?

Conduct of D'Estaing, upon the approach of Howe?

What separated the fleets, and prevented a battle?

Where did D'Estaing go for repairs?

Why were the Americans much displeased with him for going to Boston? They wished him to repair at Newport, and aid in delivering the Island from the British.

What aid did D'Estaing afford the Americans? None except perhaps frightening the British from Philadelphia and from R. I. by the terror of his name.

In what year, did the Southern States become the principal seat of the war? In 1778.

Why did the British choose to carry the war into those states ? They supposed, it would be easier to subdue them.

Why? On account of the greater number of slaves and of royalists, and because the southern people were considered less martial.

Why did they not begin with the Southern States? Because, they considered Ms. as the principal offender, and supposed, that when they had performed the easy task of crushing rebellion there, the rest would submit.

What was the result? They found the people of Ms. "exceedingly unmanageable," and all the other colonies disposed to take part with them.

Which of the Southern States was marked as the first object of attack in '78? Why? In what part of Ga. is Savannah ? On what river?

What states does the Savannah divide ?

*th what effect, did Colonel Campbell attack Savannah ? In what month? Dec. Meaning of Savannah ? Who attempted to defend S. ?

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Chief aim of the British in "79? By what motives, were they actuated? Revenge, on account of the French alliance, and a wish to terrify the people into submission, or to prevent their being useful to the French in time to come.

In what states, were their most dreadful depredations?

is

What city in Ct. was plundered? What towns were burnt? For whose remarkable escape Horse Neck memorable ? From whom? - How?

In what town is Horse Neck? Greenwich.

In what part of Ct. is Greenwich? Which party made the feeblest efforts in '79 ?

Their most important enterprise?
On what river, is Stony Point?
Which side ? W.

How situated with regard to W. Point? 12 miles below.

Who conducted the attack?
With what effect?

What imparted new effulgence to the victory?

What rendered this effulgence the more striking?

What other expedition did the Americans execute in '79 ? Who conducted it? With what effect?

First cause mentioned of our inactivity in '79 ?

A much more powerful cause Why was it impolitic, to tax the people at the time, with the expenses of the war? Taxation was the cause of the war.

Only expedient, in the power of Congress? The emission of bills of credit.

In what year, did Congress begin to issue bills of credit?

In what time, did the bills begin to depreciate? 18 months.

What conduct of the British

tended to sink the value of the continental currency ?

How great was finally the depreciation of paper money?

What were some of the evils arising from this depreciation? Extreme injustice, difficulty of recruiting and supporting the army; and the discontent of the officers and soldiers..

What reflects the highest honor upon Washington ?

Who apparently saved the country from the ruin, threatened by the depreciation of paper mouey? Robert Morris.

How? By the most skilful and vigorous measures as treasurer, and by employing or pledging his own vast property, to raise the public credit.

Give some account of Robert Morris. He was a native of England, a very opulent merchant in Philadelphia, and one of the patriots, who signed the Declaration of Independence.

What does Botta say of our obligation to Morris? "The Americans owed, and still owe, as much acknowledgment to the financial operations of Robert Morris, as to the negotiations of Benjamin Franklin, or even to the arms of George Washington."

CHAPTER LVII. p. 198.

Capture of Charleston. Fe

male patriotism. Kniphausen in N. J. Washington at Morristown. Arrival of 6000 Frenchmen. Treason of Arnold. Major Andre. Story of Champe.

For what object, did Clinton sail toward the south in Dec. '79 ? With how many men?

Of whom, did they consist? English, Hessians, and loyalists.

Which is nearest N. Y. Savannah or Charleston?

Why did Clinton's fleet sail so much farther than was necessary? He probably ordered, that in case of dispersion, they should collect at Savannah.

Was S. then in possession of the British, or Americans?

What dispersed them? A terrible tempest.

Effect upon the horses on board? It destroyed most of them.

Whom had Clinton invested with the command, at N. Y. ? In what year, did he attack Charleston? month?

How long after its first settlement?

Who then commanded the Americans in the south?

Who was Gov. of S. C. !?

Whose batteries soon attained a superiority?

In what month, was Charleston taken ?

After how long a siege? days.

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Which was the largest, when captured, Burgoyne's army or Lincoln's?

t NOTE G. G.

To what city, did Clinton soon return?

Under whom, did Clinton leave 4000 meu?

Succeeding fate of S. C.? Almost the whole state appeared to be conquered.

Why were British garrisons placed in different parts of S. C.?

From what, had Clinton released the Carolinian prisoners of war? From the obligations of their parole.

Meaning of parole? A promise given by a prisoner of war, when he has leave to depart from custody, that he will return at the time appointed, unless discharged. Why had Clinton granted them this indulgence? That he migh employ them in his own service. What did the Carolinians say, when required to fight against their country? If we must resume arms, let us rather fight for America and our friends, than for England and strangers.

Conduct of many of these patriots? They passed clandestinely into N. C. and joined the American troops.

What noble example did many females of S. C. then exhibit ? +

of joy and brilliant pleasures, they

Patriotic ladies of S. C. Phila- repaired on board ships, they de

delphia, &c.

The following Note is taken principally from Botta.

""Amidst the general desolation, the women of Carolina exhibited an example of more than masculine fortitude. They displayed so ardent, so rare a love of country, that scarcely could there be found in ancient or modern history, an instance more worthy to excite surprise and admiration. Far from being of fended at the name of rebel ladies, they esteemed it a title of distinction and glory. Instead of showing themselves in assemblies, the seat

scended into dungeons, where their husbands, children and friends were in confinement; they carried them consolations and encouragements. 'Summon your magnanimity,' they said; 'yield not to the fury of tyrants; hesitate not, to prefer prisons to infamy, death to servitude. America has fixed her eyes on her beloved defenders; you will reap, doubt it not, the fruit of your sufferings; they will produce liberty, that parent of all blessings; they will shelter her forever from the assaults of the British banditti. You are the martyrs of a cause the most grateful to Heaven, and sacred for

What name was given them?
How did they regard it?
What did they carry to their hus-
bands and friends in dungeons?

What did many of them impart to their wavering husbands?

To what, did the English condemn the most zealous of these females?

What glorious result is to be imputed principally to their heroism? What ladies formed a society, to raise funds for the use of the state? Who was at their head?

What did they do, besides contributing themselves?

With what success?

To what, was the money to be

What did they do, when reduced applied?" to indigence?

men.' By such words, these generous women mitigated the miseries of the unhappy prisoners. They would never appear at the balls or routs, that were given by the victors; those, who consented to attend them, were instantly despised, and dropped by all the others. The moment an American officer arrived at Charleston as prisoner of war, they sought him out, and loaded him with attention and civilities. They often assembled in the most retired parts of their houses, to deplore, without restraint, the misfortunes of their country. Many of them imparted their noble spirit to their hesitating and wavering husbands; they determined them to prefer a rigorous exile to their interest and to the sweets of life. Exasperated at their constancy, the English condemned the most zealous to banishment and confiscation. In bidding a last farewell to their fathers, their children, their brothers, their husbands, these heroines, far from betraying the least mark of weakness, which in men might have been excused, exhorted them to arm themselves with intrepidity. They conjured them, not to allow fortune to vanquish them, nor to suffer the love they bore their families, to render them unmindful of all they owed their country. When comprehended, soon after, in the general decree of banishment, issued against the partisans of liberty, they abandoned with the same firmness, their natal soil. A

Who imitated their example?

supernatural alacrity seemed to animate them, when they accompanied their husbands into distant countries, and even when immured with them in the fetid ships, into which they were inhumanly crowded. Reduced to the most frightful indigence, they were seen to beg bread for themselves and families. Among those who were nurtured in the lap of opulence, many passed suddenly from the most delicate and the most elegant style of living, to the rudest toils, and to the humblest services. But humiliation could not triumph over their resolution and cheerfulness. Their example was a support to their companions in misfortune. To this heroism of the women of Carolina, it is principally to be imputed, that the love, and even the name of liberty, were not totally extinguished in the southern provinces. The English hence began to be sensible, that their triumph was still far from secure.For, in every affair of public interest, the general opinion never manifests itself with more energy, than when women take part in it, with all the life of their imagination."

Not far from the same time, the most laudable and effectual exertions were made, to aid the public funds, and to reward and encourage the soldiers.

"The ladies of Philadelphia, animated by the most ardent patriotism, formed a society, and placed at their head, Mrs. Washington, a wife worthy of such a husband.

With whom, did the spirit of freedom still remain in S. Č.? What American soon gained great advantages over the English in S. C.?

To what state, did Sumpter belong? S. C.

Through what states, was an army advancing to the aid of S. C.? Who was conducting it? The Baron de Kalb.

By whom, was he soon superseded? Gen. Gates.

Why? De Kalb was a stranger, and the troops had much more confidence in the hero of Saratoga.

How large was Gates's army, when it approached S. C.?

Where was there a great battle Aug. 16?

Which way is Camden from Charleston ? N. N. W.- How far?

Who commanded the British? Cornwallis.

On which side, was victory? Occasion of this dreadful defeat?

Whole loss of the Americans ? 2000.

Distinguished German, who fell in the battle of Camden?

Effect of this defeat, upon our affairs?

When did our prospects begin to brighten ?

Conduct of Kniphausen, in N. J. in 1780 ?

What greatly added to these calamities in N. J.?

Where had Washington encamped the preceding winter?

What name was given to that winter?

What appalling prospect was of

After having subscribed for the use of the state to the extent of their means, they went from house to house, to stimulate the liberality of the citizens in favor of the republic. Their zeal was not sterile. They collected large sums, which they

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What punishment had he re ceived? Washington reprimand. ed him by order of a court martial.

Of what crime, had Arnold been convicted? Peculation.

Meaning of peculation?

What had tempted him to this crime? Pecuniary embarrassment, occasioned by excessive luxury.

Where? In Philadelphia.

In what office? He was commander of the American forces. When? When P. was evacuated by the British.

What British agent negotiated with Arnold about delivering up West Point?

Military rank of Andre? What is he generally called? Major Andre.

Character of Andre?

To what place, was Andre con

lodged in the public chest, to be used in bounties to such soldiers, as should merit them, and in augmentation of pay to all. They were imitated with enthusiasm by the la dies of the other states."

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