instead, of which one bushel was found to suffice. In other respects the food of the horses was the same as they had been used to, and they performed the same heavy work upon the road, travelling a weekly average of 140 miles. At the end of five months the animals were as healthy and active as they could possibly have been upon beans and oats, and were in 'high condition." In a pecuniary point, the saving effected by the change (including the expense of boiling,) was full £1 per week!

COMMERCIAL
ADVANTAGES

OF

TEETOTALISM.

£100 yearly.

What's to be done with the barley, forsooth! Give it to your cattle, and pocket one pound per team each week. Where a number of horses are kept, eight for example, the accumulated savings by this consumption of barley will be somewhat weighty in the course of a year-£100 in twelve- A truth worth months we think a very fair premium. Taking the average duration of draught horses at ten years, the farmer, carrier, or other person employing eight, will effect in that period, by this change in their food, a saving of £1040! In Spain, barley is said to be the common food of horses; and in this country is fast regaining the reputation it had two or three centuries ago.

From experiments lately instituted by the government to ascertain the comparative merits of malt and barley in the feeding of cattle, the opinion, very general among graziers, that the former is superior to the latter, was proved to be false. Two equal bullocks were selected, and fed in all respects the same, except that to one was given a certain quantity of malt, and to the other the same weight of barley. Both malt and barley were prepared alike, being ground into meal and mashed. The following are the results of three feeding experiments, as given in the report made to government by the gentlemen who conducted them.

First experiment.-From Oct. 1st to the 14th, 1845, the bullock fed on Malt increased in weight 90lbs.; while that fed on Barley increased 109lbs., proving unmalted barley to be superior to malted by 18lbs.

Second experiment.-From Nov. 8th to 22nd (15 days), the Malt-fed bullock increased in weight 44lbs.; while the Barley-fed one increased 55lbs.-beating the other 11lbs.

Third experiment.-From Dec. 4th to 20th (17 days), the Malt-fed bullock increased only 6lbs.; while that fed on Barley increased 40lbs.beating the other 34lbs.

The total increase of each bullock in the 46 days was, that fed on malt, 140lbs. (3lbs. oz. daily); and that on barley 204lbs. (4lbs. 6oz. daily), proving unmalted to be superior to malted barley in feeding, by 63 lbs. !!!

In another series of experiments undertaken to ascertain the relative value of the same articles in the production of

Malt inferior to Barley in feeding Cattle.

Government Experiments.

COMMERCIAL

ADVANTAGES

ОР

TEETOTALISM.

Loss of weight on Malt diet by milch Cows

milk and butter, in which barley was equally superior, it was found that

"The cows were LOSING weight and strength daily under the Malt regimen; while they GAINED weight and strength when fed on Barley. After the barley experiments they were found to be 80lbs. heavier, after the malt trial 42lbs. lighter," the difference being 122lbs! "These trials continued over three months," says Professor Thomson, "leave no doubt that barley is SUPERIOR to malt, weight for weight."

The farmer, indeed, has no real grounds for solicitude as to what's to be done with the barley under the reign of teetotalism. The more its superiority as a feeding article becomes known, will the demand for it increase. In the The Price of State of New York, after hundreds of distilleries had been barley maintained in closed, the price of barley was equal to what it had been America. before; and in all probability the same would be the case in Britain. As the demand from one quarter ceases, fresh modes of consumption will be found out, and the farmers' prices be sustained, thus making the £27,000,000 received from the spread of total abstinence an additional sum. If the demand, however, should not be equal to what it is ley and more at present, all inconvenience may be avoided by sowing a portion of the land with those articles for which we send abroad. Numbers who have made the experiment have found other modes of culture to be equally as profitable as the growing of barley. But even supposing that the land could not be made to grow anything else, (a preposterous idea, truly!) and that one-half only of the grain now destroyed in breweries and distilleries would be otherwise consumed, the farming interest would be still the gainer of £22,500,000, in addition to such incidental profits as would result from the diminution of county and poor rates, and greater attention to work by laborers.

Grow less bar

wheat.

POLITICAL ADVANTAGES

OF TEETOTALISM.

Loss of National Re

drunkenness.

SECTION VIII.

POLITICAL ADVANTAGES OF TEETOTALISM.

One fact elicited by the inquiry into the state of drunkenness in 1834 was, that the reputation of the British putation by nation was sullied by the intemperate habits of its people. With the greatness of our national renown foreigners naturally associate a corresponding elevation of individual character. They learn the generally humane nature of our laws, the innumerable institutions provided for benevolent

objects that exist among us, the extent and success of our moral movements, and our fame for literature and the arts, which, combined with our mercantile and political mightiness, prepare them for expecting in every "Briton," a demigod. How they are disappointed on coming into contact with us, and having a practical acquaintance with British character, may be gleaned from the writings of the German traveller Kohl, who, in his " England and Wales," remarks—

"It is a strange thing, that all over the world, in America and in Europe, there should exist such a very unfavorable opinion of English laborers; and that their undeniable skill and industry in their particular vocations, should be unable to remove the universal impression of their immorality, lawlessness, ignorance, and brutality! Even where it is found necessary to employ them, this is always done reluctantly and fearfully. I was in Austria shortly after the English laborers had been dismissed from the railroads making there, because their turbulence, brutality, and drunkenness occasions all kinds of riot and accidents. I went to Saxony, and found that there too all the English laborers had been turned away, because their conduct was quite insufferable. I went to Frankfort, and met a papier machiè manufacturer, who told me, with rueful shaking of the head, that he was indeed compelled to employ English laborers in some parts of his business, because they understood their business so well, and were so remarkably skilful in it, but that he longed to get rid of them, because they were the most troublesome, ignorant, and unmanageable of his work-people!"

The impression thus given rise to is, without doubt, that England, though great in the temple of fame, is peopled generally with an immoral, brutal, ignorant, and drunken race. Continental statisticians and moralizers, the French in particular, have of late years held up the immoral condition of Britain to the view of the world. One writer, M. Leon Faucher, in comparing the criminal condition of Paris with that of London from French and English official reports, shows (after making due allowance for the difference of population) that London has annually three "crimes against the person," for Paris only two; whilst in "crimes against property," London has three for Paris one! A French newspaper, La Siecle, a short time ago, directed attention to the same subject; and another, in reviewing the criminal character of the female population of the two countries, observes :-"The real cause of the great proportion of crime in the English women of the laboring class, as compared with the same class in France, we have no doubt, is mostly owing to the sobriety of the French women."

POLITICAL ADVANTAGES

OF

TEETOTALISM.

opinions of Foreigners' Englishmen.

Criminal character of London and Paris compared.

POLITICAL ADVANTAGES OF

TEETOTALISM.

Bribery at Elections through strong drink.

A Question.

An election won by a Beer Barrel.

Every lover of his country must feel deep humiliation and sorrow from this state of things; and we would, therefore, earnestly press upon all the importance of the temperance movement, as the lever by which the certain elevation of our national moral character may be effected.

An evil, of the highest political importance to the people of this country, results from the distribution of intoxicating liquor at the election of parliamentary representatives. A free nation, like the British, has never such pressing necessity to be watchful of its liberties, and on the alert for their extension, as during these critical times; and it is really astonishing that a people so proverbially jealous of their rights, should suffer men to represent them in parliament who may have employed such questionable means to be elected, as is at present the case. Do reflecting persons, electors more especially, ever consider why it is that strong drink is given away in such profusion when two or more men seek their suffrages? Certain it is that it cannot be to make voters more conscientious in the discharge of the public duty entrusted to them, nor the unenfranchised more vigilant of the sacred and momentous question to be decided. If it be not rather to tamper with the consciences of the former, and suppress the vigilance of the latter-in fact, to buy the birthright of the nation with "a mess of pottage❞— the following fact, which occurred at Stafford in 1846, must have neither moral nor significance:

“The retirement of Mr. Lawrence Heyworth, of Liverpool, as candidate for the borough of Stafford,” observed a London paper, "is stated to have arisen from his teetotal principles, having urged his objections to supplying liquor as is customary, so strongly, that it was intimated to him in return, that an election at Stafford could not be carried without it!" After noticing the entrè of another candidate, the same Journal remarks: "The appearance of a barrel of ale, which was distributed among the crowd, was hailed with much cheering, and satisfied the free and independent electors that something was up."

Thus a man of the most unsullied private character, high commercial standing, popular political principles, and almost unbounded benevolence, was pronounced incompetent to carry an election when he refused to employ intoxicating liquor as an agent! whereas before he had made this determination known, his success was considered “all but certain.” Now what other purpose can it be intended to serve by the

use of such drinks than bribery? It is evident there can be none. The proceedings at the late Bridport election afford a glaring example of the corruptions practised by the aid of strong drink. Electors, in the very next state to complete insensibility, were led to the voting table, and there hiccupped out their votes, unconscious of what they were doing.

How different is the case in America! A few years ago there, as at present in England, it was the common practice to provide electors with intoxicating liquors, and then their elections, like ours, were scenes of dissipation, outrage, and riot. "But no such thing is seen now," says a distinguished American. "So great has been the change since the formation of temperance societies, that there is not a man in the country who, should he take that course, could be elected to any office." Even the Texians have recently conducted an election at which it is said—" There was no visiting the grogshops, and treating was entirely out of the question." How essential it is that such should be the case in Britain! For seven long years the nation anxiously watches the proceedings of Parliament, and on every legislative disappointment ardently longs for a dissolution, that persons more "fit and proper” may represent them in that assembly; whilst at the very time the long-cherished wish is gratified, drunkenness is spread o'er the land, and the upright virtuous candidate, and legitimate representative, is supplanted through intoxication and bribery.

POLITICAL ADVANTAGES

OF

TEETOTALISM.

Drunken

voters.

Electioneer

ing in

America.

The importance of tem

elections.

It behoves Britons to pay to this subject that attention which its vast importance demands. We are most thoroughly perance at convinced that temperance, generally observed at two or three consecutive elections, would place this nation in the position it otherwise will not attain in less than half a century. The British people if universally sober would not, in an age like the present, be long debarred from universal suffrage. The majesty of such a people would be altogether irresistible; no one, indeed, could think of resisting it. But whilst a £10 elected legislator beholds the operative classes grovelling in drunkenness, he can be excused when, turning from them on his heel, he says, "Behold the people!"

The revenue and

Political economists, exchequer chancellors in particular, have ever slighted the temperance movement from considerations of the revenue, the most despicable motive it is possible temperance. to entertain for upholding the system of drinking. The sum