I

fuppofed to be full; vaft emigrations from each of them, and efpecially from the lat ter, have been yearly preffing toward the South and Weft: yet the population of France, which, (as the memorial ftates) is very far from having reached its ultimate term, is much more than treble to theirs.

Re

Liberty of the Press.

In the United States, lands are "fuperabundant," but labourers are few and fcarce. They have not yet attained even to the twentieth part of a full population: therefore any more lands, for the mere purpofe of fettlement and cultivation, they no more need, than they need plantations in the moon. Afide from the confideration that the fettlement of Louifiana or the Floridas, or either of them, might tend to bar off dangerous neighbours and permanently to fecure the navigation of the Miffiffippi, it is questionable whether they would be worth receiving, if they were to be offered to this nation as a gift. If a promife of speedily fettling the bequeathed territory were made a condition in accepting the bequeft, national intereft would imperiously require its rejectinent. The truth of this fentiment will, I truft, be rendered apparent, from arguments and reafons, which will be offered hereafter. CALCULATOR.

A CORRECT HISTORY OF HARRY CROSWELL'S TRIAL.

[CONTINUED.]

T

HE court adjourned until the HE next morning, when the jury having been impanaelled, Mr. Spencer opened the caule on the part of the profecution. It is impoffible for us to give, from the few notes in our poffeffion, his fpeech with mach accuracy. This, however, was the purport of it :-That libellers were a very criminal clafs of offenders. That the government must be protected from their attacks. That the libel then to be tried, was of a very heinous nature; and, if true, was fufficient to confign the name of Thomas Jefferfon to eternal intamy, &c. But, by the direction of the Court, it cer tainly was not a fubject of inquiry whether it was true or falfe. For, whether true or falfe, by the law of this ftate, it was certainly libellous; and he tufted that the jury would how their deteftation of fuch flanders, by a verdict of guilty. That there was a great difference between the liberty and the licentioufnefs of the prefs. The one was a moft invaluable privilege, which he would be the last man to attack; but the other was a growing and intolerable

evil; and that it was high time its deftruc-
tive progrefs fhould be arrelled. Refpect
for public officers were neceffary; and if
fuch papers as the Walp was permitted to
be published, no good inan would take an
office, &c.

"of the federal fong now is that Mr. Jef
"ferfon paid Callender for writing again
"the late adminiftration."
He then
read the publication, to wit:

"Holt says, the burden of the Federal song is that Mr. Jefferson paid Callender for writing against the late administration. This is wholly false. The

Mr. Spencer then called witneffes to prove that Mr. Crotwell was the publifh-charge is explicitly this :-Jeferson paid Callender for calling Washington a traitor, a robber, and a per er of the paper, called the Walp, from jurer-For calling Adams ahoary-headed incendia. one of which, (to wit, No. 7,) the pref- ry; and for most grossly slandering the private char ent libel was extracted. It was proved acters of men, who he well knew were virtuousthat fome of the papers had been printed at the pres of the defendant-that they

These charges, not a democratic editor has yet dared, cussion."

or ever will dare to meet in an open and manty dis

had been seen in his book-ftore. It was
alfo proved that a file of the Wafp from
No. 1 to 5, inclufive, had been fold by
the defendant; and the refidue, to No. 12,
by one of his journeymen. Mr. Spencer
then called a witnefs to prove the truth
of the inuendoes. To this, the counfel
for the defendant objected; and the chief
juffice over-ruled the objection. The
nefs was then examined, and teflified that
he understood the words Wafhington, Ad-
ams and Jefferson, contained in the alledg-
ed libel, to mean as flated in the inuen.
does in the indi&ment. He believed the
inuendoes to be correct; and he stated the
ground of his opinion to be, that he had
frequently feen fimilar charges in other
papers prior to the publication of the al-
ledged libel in the Wafp.

The evidence on the part of the profecu-ing
tion being clofed, the defendant offered to
prove that he neither wrote nor indited,
or devifed the publication in questioning
that it was handed to a perfon in his employ,
and printed in his abfence, and without
his knowledge or confent. This was o-
ver ruled by Judge Lewis.

The defendant's counfel then proceeded
to addre's the jury.-Mr. Van Nefs began
an argument of about one hour by ita-
ting that in cafes of libel, the jury had the
power and the right to judge of the law and
the fact. That they, and they alone, were
the fole judges between the public and the
defendant. That it was their province to
determine, fift, Was the defendant the au-
thor or pubither of the alledged libel ?
Second, Was the publication in queftion
calculated to difturb the peace of the peo
ple of this ftate-to excite fedition ? And,
third, Was it publifhed with a malicious,
feditious, and diabolical intent ? Mr. Van
Nefs contended, that thefe queftions mufted
be determined by the jury in the affirma-
tive, before they could ever pronounce the
defendant guilty of the crime charged in
the indictment. In a fpeech of fome
length, be expatiated upon the above top-
He argued, with irrefillable force,
that on the very face of the publication
there was ample evidence against every
prefumption of malice. It was introdu
ced to correct a falfe charge made against
the federalifts in the Bre. He read the
charge from the Bee, viz. The burden

ics.

He contended that the publication was merely a correction of the above falfhood in the Bre-a true statement of what the burden of the federal fong" actually was; and a challenge to an open and man. There was not even a y difcuffion.

64

.2

charge made by the defendant against the wit-prefident. He fays, the charge made by the federalis, was not as Hoit had repre fented; and he then ftates what that charge really was-to wit that "the charge made by the federalis, is explicitly this," &c.-Now, he afked, if fuch a charge had not been made? Yes-it had rung through every corner of the continent. It had been published at the very feat of govern Callender had published, repeated. ly, that Mr. Jefferfon paid him for writ the Profpect before us." He had published a letter from Mr. Jefferlon to himself, approving of the book, and offers

ment.

"

66

""

him fity dollars. He then took up the "Profpe&t before us," and flated that in that book Washington and Adams were charged with the very crimes mentioned in the affidavit. Mr. Spencer objected to the reading of any thing from the Prof pet before us.' The court enforced the obje&tion; and determined that it fheud not be read. Mr. Van Nefs then contend ed, that fufficient appeared to do away ev cry pretence of a malicious intent in the defendant. That the charge had been published in almost every federal paper, could not be denied. And all that the publication in queftion flated, was that fact. Whether the charge was true of faite, the publication did not determine. It merely detected a falfhood in the Bee; and corretted it by flating the nature of the charge. It ftated, that the federalifts charge Jefferion with paying Callender. This was certainly true. It might be found in numerous papers. The defendant him felt bad never made the charge; nor had he declared it true. He was, therefore, not reiponfiole for it. He bad challenged

64

an open and manly difcuffion" of that charge, which he faid the federalifts had made. And, he contended, that a malicious intent could never be inferred, either from. the correction of the garbled statement in the Bee, or from his challenging a di cuffion of a charge againft the charafter o

C

Thomas Jefferfon. We regret that it is
not in our power to give more than this
faint fketch of this argument.
But we are
not without hopes that we shall yet have it
in our power to give it at length.

Mr. Van Vechten then rofe; and, in a fpeech which, for correctness and brilliancy of ftile, cogency of argument, and perfpicuity of arrangement, we have seldom, if ever, heard equalled, contended for principles fimilar to thofe advanced by Mr. Van Nefs. We fhall be able foon to give his argument to the public we fhall, therefore, refrain from mangling it by an attempted abridgement.

(TO BE CONCLUDED NEXT WEEK.)

Balance Closet.

sent it, you alone are guilty of being, in the eye of
the law, the author of it, and the sole cause of its
publication. In this case, your folly is proved. But,
if you misrepresented the contents of the piece, then,
indeed, the charge of knavery stands good against
you. We say, again, take your choice.

TO C. HOLT.

"Mark Anthony" says that "Cato" had set a gull-trap to catch him. (Yes, reader, a gull-trap to catch Holt!)-and then he boasts that the gull was too cunning to be caught!

Some of the minor democrats make themselves very merry, and indulge in the most ridiculous exultation, on account of the death of Callender. A gang of house-breakers, would not discover more joy, on hearing of the death of a surly and watchful mastiff. But do not these striplings know, that every word which they utter concerning Callender, is worse than a dagger to their masters? Do they that it is possible for the people to forget suppose who and what Callender was? Do they think that To get rid of the charge of knavery, you are at any body will believe that he was a federalist? Did length compelled to acknowledge yourself a very he not uniformly, and to the last, declare himself to great dunce. You pretend that you declined publishbe a democratic republican; and did not his writing the production of "Cate," because it contained ings prove him so? Tho' his "Recorder" contain. Libellous matter, which would subject you to indicted many charges against certain leading democrats, ment. If you really believed this, your manner of did it not also in almost every number, abuse the fed. treating the piece, discovers your gross stupidity and eralists? Was not Callender the author of a slanignorance. If you did not believe it, your total disderous tale against Judge Chase, which Holt pubregard for truth is equally apparent. With knavery, lished as a fact a short time since? Did not Callentherefore, on one side, and folly on the other, you der write the "Prospect ;" and was not that book may make your choice. Let us suppose, for a mopublished for the avowed purpose of promoting Mr. ment, that you actually believed the piece in quesJefferson's election, and the cause of democracy? tion contained slander, abuse and libels on the presiWas not that book written, in part, at the house dent, and that the fear of prosecution prevented of one the greatest democrats in Virginia Was your publishing it. It should be premised, that ev- not Callender rewarded, countenanced, encouraged, ery person who aids, or in any way abets the publi-supported, patronized, and protected by the democation of a libel is equally amenable to the law, with crats? The democrats have often declared Callenthe writer or printer. When a piece so slanderous, der to be a man of talents; and a leading man of so abusive, so libellous fell into your hands, what the party in Philadelphia has sworn that he was a The federalists have ought to have been your treatment of it? When the man of good moral character. neither declared the one, nor sworn the other.foulest charges against a president whom you affect to adore, were sent to you for publication, what They have never approved, by reward or by, friend. ought you to have done with them? Was it not your ly and familiar letters, the attacks of Callender on duty, as an honest man and a good patriot, to supWashington or Adams. They pitied his follies and press them-to commit them to the flames, and to misfortunes; and if he was really, as the democrats inform the author that you could never give publicity have declared and sworn, a man of talents and good to such vile trash? Was not this the only method moral character, it is to be regretted that he did not that could protect you from prosecution? Certainly. meet a better fate in the world. But did you do this? No. On the contrary, you lent your aid-you took uncommon pains to propagate the abominable calumnies of which you com. plain. When the piece was in your possession, it was in your power to suppress or publish it-to throw it into the fire, or to send it into the world. You chose the latter. You durst not print it yourself; but rather than lose such an opportunity to slander, abuse, and libel the president, you took extraordinary care to send the picce to a press which issues almost twice as many papers as your own. You even went so far as to alter, with your own hand, several parts of the piece, particularly the address and signature. Therefore, if the piece was so slanderous, abusive and libellous as you repre

THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE;
OR, DEMOCRATIC CONSISTENCY !

At the last presidential election, Col. Burr re-
ceived as many votes for the office as Mr. Jefferson.
He was then, without doubt, just as much "the
man of the people." Every democratic threat be-
came a trumpet to sound his praise. He was ca-
ressed in public. He was flattered in the newspa
was,
pers. He was toasted at the festivals: He
short, the idol of his party.-But, alas! within the
of three years, what a change has taken
short space
place-(Not, indeed, in the character or conduct

in

Despising a3.] Aaron Burr, Vice-President. like federal calumny and intriguing friendship, has uniformly advocated the rights and dignity of man.

4] The Vice-President. May our government never be deprived of the talents of a Burr.

5.] Aaron Burr, Vice-President-rendered immortal by his undeviating patriotism," &c.

The prating dunce, who scribbles nonsense, falshoods and bad grammar for the Utica Gazette, at the salary of sixty-dollars per annum, is solicited to have mercy on us as well as on his readers. It is certainly ungenerous in him, (blessed as he is with the most transcendant talents, and fattening on such an enormous salary,) to bear down, with unrelenting fury, the humble editors of the Balance. Strange, that a large salary or income, will so soon puff a man up with pride! What shall we do to obtain the favor of this implacable.editor? Alas! alas! What shall we do?

The late removal of Edward Livingston, Esq. from the office of Attorney of the United States for the district of New York, excites considerable curiosity; and many ask (besides our "Mark Anthony)”—What has he done? We hope he was not appointed to office without giving satisfactory answers to the questions, "Is he honest? Is he capable," &c. We hope an officer of Mr. Jefferson's appointing, has shewn no “anti-revolutionary" disposition. But perhaps Mr. Livingston is a Burrite; and that, in the eye of some people, is worse than to be a federalist.

A neat quarto paper, entitled "THE HIVE," has lately been established at Northampton, Massachusetts, by Mr. THOMAS M. POMROY. It is to be devoted to Literature and Politics; and, as it bears every mark of Federalism, we sincerely wish

it success.

agriculturate

From Deane's NEW-ENGLAND FARMER.

CIDER KIN.

66

W

HEN the cider-cheele has been preffed till it will run no longer, remove the pomace into the trough, at evening, and throw a fufficient quantity of hot water upon it; let it lie all night, and in the morning, make a new cheele of it, and prefs out the liquor. If the pomace were ground over again, the Ciderkin would be the ftronger.

But the best way of managing Ciderkin is, to take it directly from the preís, give it a heating, or a gentle boiling, and take off the fcum. This greatly prevents fermentation, and prepares it for long keeping. In the hotteft part of the tollowing fummer, it will be one of the pleafanteft liquors, that can be procured from any country and it might make a very good export to the Weft-Indies; there being no danger of the bursting of the bottles, as there is when Cider has a stronger body."

O

616 F Novels and Romances very few are worth the trouble of reading: fome of them, perhaps, do contain a few good morals; but they are not worth the finding, when fo much rubbish is intermixed. Their moral parts, indeed, are like fmall diamonds among mountains of dirt and trafh, which, after you have found them, are too inconfiderable to answer the pains of coming at; yet, ridiculous as the le fiftitious tales generally are, they are fo artfully managed as to excite an idle curi

ofity to fee the conclufion, by which means
the reader is drawn on through a tirefome
length of foolish adventures, from which
neither knowledge nor profit can accrue,
to the common cataftrophe of a wedding.
The most I have met with of thefe writings,
to fay no worfe, it is little better than the
lofs of time to perufe. But fome of them
have more pernicious confequences. By
drawing characters that never exift in lile,
by reprefenting perfons and things in a
falfe and extravagant light, and by a feries
of improbable caufes bringing on impoff
ble events, they are apt to give a romantic
turn to the mind, which is often produc-
tive of great errors in judgment, and of fa-
tal mistakes in conduct. Of this I have
feen frequent inftances, and therefore ad.
vife you fcarcely ever to meddle with any

of them.

"The chance is perhaps a thousand to one against the probability of the fmalle!! degree of advantage from reading fuch degree of advantage from reading fuch

as well as that very are to found, from which much injury may not be received."

Miscellany.

From the LONDON STAR.

ANECDOTES OF BONAPARTE.

|

figns to each other, but none had courage
to break up.
to break up. At length Madam put her
fingers on her eyes, which the Ladies un.
derftanding as the approach of Morpheus,
got up, and with many curtfies retired in
filence.

One Lady had appeared in an elegant Indian muflin, which was admired by ev. ery body. Bonaparte entering, obferved, with a fneer, that it was a very good morn ing drefs. On Court day all must appear in fumptuous filks, fatins, embroidery, jewels, &c. Gentlemen wear the bag, chapeau de bras, and fword.

A Gentleman received notice that he muft hold hinfelf in readiness to depart on a fecret miffion: but being for feveral rea fons very averse to fuch an office, he wifhed, but knew not how, to decline it. A Lady who was daily at Court, under. deliver a letter to her hufband on the fubtook to prevail on Madam Bonaparte to ject. The Gentleman wrote his letter of

thanks and of refufal, in the most submis five terms. This letter his friend gave to the Conful's Lady, as agreed, begging her to deliver it when he could find her hufband in good humour. But having mentioned this ftep to a General in the immediate confidence of Bonaparte ; "What have you done, Madam?" faid he,

You know not what an imperious Maf ter we have got to deal with. If your friend retufes any one poft that is offered him, he is undone forever. Take my advice; lofe no time to fee Madam Bona. parte, and beg her to return you the let ter, if not too late." The Lady accor dingly did wait on Madam, who received her very graciously. I know what you want, faid the; "Here is your letter 2 gain. I could have delivered it, but I know the General too well; and I was fure, that on fecond thoughts, you would approve of my condu&t.'

66

23

FOR the following anecdotes we are indebted to a Gentleman, lately from Paris, and who had good opportunities of afcer. taining their truth. Our readers may rely on their authenticity.

He was

The Conful is in general way old and
referved he is fo much dreaded, that his
appearance throws a gloom over the circles
at St. Cloud. The Ladies fit, and all the
Gentlemen fland. When card parties are One of the fi: ft noblemen in France, who
formed, it is not allowed to play lor mon. had faved a very large fortune, not with-
ey. This is a fingular piece of affectation, standing his great loffes in the Revolution,
when we confider trat gambling is allow-returned to Paris from England on being c
ed all over the Republic, and that a duty rafed from the lift of Emigrants.
of 40 per cent, on gambling tables is ap- living in ftile, dreading no evil, when all at
propriated to the fupport of the Conful's once he received orders to retire 40 leagues
Lady. One evening's converfazione may from Paris, and to fignifiy to the Grand
ferve for a fample. The company was Judge the place he chofe for his refidence.
juft entering on that eafy chit-chat fo nat- He immediately waited on the Grand
ural to the French, and were forming into Judge, and expreffed his aftonishment at an
little groups for the purpofe, when order which he had not the leaft idea how
the Conful appeared. Hufh-was every he had defcrved. The grand Judge final
breath; every party difperfed.-The cer- iy told him, it was becaule he was fufpett
emonial was over. Madam Bonaparte ed of having a penfion from England.
did every thing he could to keep up con- The Nobleman pofitively denied the charge,
verfation, but all in vain. A diy Yes or and wondered how it could be fuppofed
No was all he could obtain. Then the that a man of his appearance needed to
stoop for the pittance of a monthly guinea
to
any one. Being asked if he would
give his word of honour to that effect, be
readily aflented and even gave a written

Conful took one of his Generals apart and
conferred long on politics. The company
fat mute till eleven, when the ladies being
completely tired with the fceue, made

declaration, afferting upon his honour, that
he never received any penfion from Eng.,
land, or any where elfe. With this decla-
ration, the Grand Judge ventured to wait
on Bonaparte, and to remonftrate. But
his Confular Majefty flying into a paffion,
difmiffed him with this reply, "When I
give orders, I expect to be obeyed."gaged
Quand je donne des orders je veaux qu'on
obesse-And obeyed he was, for the poor
ex-noble was obliged to move.

One day on a hunting party, Bonaparte, offended at fome trifling circumftance, firuck with his whip at one of the guards de chaffee, who, by the bye, are generally the fame that were employed in the days of Royalty-the chafleur very properly refented the infult, faying in a tone of reproach: " Jamaisle ci de vant ne m'a traite comme cela," and clapping fpurs to his horfe, contemptuoufly rode paft the Conful. It is added, that the latter cool-ing foon after, rode up to the man and a=pologized. For the latter part I cannot

youch.

The Conful is fo gloomy and diftrufful, that every one of his household dreads and hates him; while at Malmaifon aone of the guards or fervants could pafs or repafs within the houfe, without tickets; and Madam Bonaparte, who is good natured and obliging, was applied to for thofe cards. But often the fentinels difputed her authority. She is treated moft defpotically, and never interferes in politics, but the domef tics would go through fire and water for her.

FROM THE CHARLESTON COURIER..

SPEAKING of the Defpotifm, by a great mifnomer called Government, which fucceeded the revolution of France, BURKE gives the following animated, fub. limely horrible defcription: "From out "of the tomb of the murdered monarchy "of France, has arisen a vaft, tremen"dous, unformed fpectre, in a far more terriffic guife than any which ever yet had overpowered the imagination, and "fubdued the fortitude of man. Going "ftrait forward to its end, unappalled by peril, unchecked by remorfe, defpifing "all common maxims and all common

DEN DUTE

ing fhort of crippling it for ever can fave
the world from its fury. The conteft is
begun; the combatants are now grappled;
and the civilized world is just in the state
in which the author of Gil Blas defcribes
the Lady fitting in the coach while her
defenders and the gang of robbers are en.
in the conflict on which her life, her
liberty, and her property depend. But it
may be hoped that the iffue now, will be
the very reverfe of the iffue of that battle;
and, that the Captain ROLANDO of this
and, that the Captain ROLANDO of this
day, and his band, will be driven back to
their cave, and fall into the hands of Juf.
tice. If not, then ail is over, liberty is
tice. If not, then all is over, liberty is
extinguished for ever, the world will
groan under one tyrant, and

FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM.

means, that hideous phantom overpow-
"ered those who could not believe it was
poffible fhe could at all exift, except on
"the principles which habit had perfuad-ed,
"them were neceffary to their own par-
"ticular modes of action." That phant-
om, or, to ufe the words of MILTON,
"that execrable shape," grim and terrible
as it was then, has fince "
grown tenfold
more dreadful and deform," and "advan-
ced its mifcreated front fo far" that noth-pole, and let it hang in the fhade, fas the

Sheep's back, fpread it on a horfe or cow;
and in fix or eight hours, the wool will
come off better than in any other way.
After the wool is off fpread the fkin on a

BEST METHOD TO PRESERVE SHEEP SKINS.

fun is very detrimental to it) till convenient to fend it to a tanner. This practice will render theep-fkins of four times the value they now are, and fave thousands of pounds to the country in a fhort time.

VALUABLE MACHINE.

IN Bethlehem, a Moravian fettlement, in the State of Pennfylvania, there is at the lower part of the town a machine, of fimple conftruction, which raises the water, from a fpring, into a refervior, to the height of one hundred feet; whence it is conducted by pipes into the feveral ftreets of the town.

COTTON MILLS IN ENGLAND.

IN a flatement published in the year 1788, it is declared that there were then one hundred and forty-three cotton-mills in operation in Great-Britain; nearly two thirds of which had been erected within the last five years that befides thefe, there were above twenty thousand five hundred

hand-mills, for fpinning the fhute for the that from the year 1781, to the year 1787, twifled yarn, ípun by the water-mills: including the spinning of cotton and sheep's wool, had increased as a quantity more than four double: that, in the laft mentioned year (1787) twenty two million and fix thousand pounds were fpun; which yielded, to the labourers and owners of the mills and factories, the immenfe profit of five million two hundred and feventy thoufand pounds fterling.

Literary Intelligence.

SEVERAL gentlemen being difpofed to encourage the Science of NATURAL HISTORY, efpecially Botany and Mineralogy, have deen devifing means how beft TANNED Sheep-Skins are in great Garden at Cambridge has been frequently to carry faid defign into effect. A Botanic demand, for a variety of ufes; out for talked of. The idea originated with Mr. want of proper attention in taking off the Waterhoufe who mentioned the plan in a wool, the fkin is many times fo far injur-letter to Sir Jofeph Banks, Prefident of the as fcarcely to be worth dreffing. The Royal Society of England, to Dr. Lettfom, following method will be found beneficial: and to the celebrated Botanift, Mr. Curtis, -As foon as the fkin is taken off the in the year feventeen hundred and eighty feven. Sir Jofeph Banks was urgent that it fhould commence, and offered Dr. Waterhouse aid in the bufinefs. This would doubtlefs have been obtained, had not Dr. Lettfom turned Dr. W's atten

FROM THE BOSTON CENTINEL

NATURAL HISTORY LECTURES.

tions from the Botanic into the channel of
Mineralogy. The worthy Dr. conceived,
that in a new Country, like America, theject
national order of things was to commence
with Minerals, and when this branch of
Natural history was established, then the
Botany would follow in its natural order.
Writing on this fubject to Dr. Waterhouse
he fays: "At a future period of wealth
"and luxury you may form hot-houses for

86