Political.

FROM THE U. S. GAZETTE.

TOM PAINE has recommenced his

ufeful labours," and again addreffed the citizens of the United States through the medium of the Aurora. In that paper of this morning we are favoured with his Letter the Sixth" to the citizens of the

06

in a pamphlet, and under your own name. ces required. Mr. Monroe was entrusted
Thefe papers contain precifely our prin. with the conduct of our moft important
ciples, and I hope they will be generally re- concerns, when they demanded prudence,
cognized here. Determined as we are to found difcretion, and firmnefs; but he
avoid, if poffible, waiting the energies of manifested such entire deftitution of these
our people in war and deftruction, we fhall requifites,
requifites, as involved this country in
avoid implicating ourfelves with the pow-
avoid implicating ourselves with the pow-much difficulty, and, but for his recal,
ers of Europe, even in fupport of princi- might have produced our ruin. To plunge
ples which we mean to purfue. They
ples which we mean to purfue. They this country into the war with France a
have fo many other interefts different from gainft England, and most of the nations of
ours that we muft avoid being entangled in Europe, was an object fairly evinced, and
them.-We believe we can enforce thofe openly advocated.-It was ftrongly urged,
principles as to ourfelves by peaceable that the United States fhould afford men
means, now that we are likely to have our
and money, for the affiftance of our "dear
public councils detached from foreign allies," and it was generally offered by
views. The return of our citizens from Mr. Monroe, to give up a neceffary and
the phrenzy into which they had been
important right, guaranteed by our then
wrought, partly by ill conduct in France, exifting treaty with France; and alfo to
partly by artifices pra&tifed upon them, is open not only our public treafury, but al
almoft extinct, and will, I believe, become
almoft extinct, and will, I believe, become fo thofe of the states, and of individuals, to
quite fo. But thefe details, too minute and aid French rapacity in enflaving and plun.
the other nations of Europe. This
is evident in almoft every page of Mr.
Monroe's defence. A few extracts how.
ever, will fuffice, to evince his zeal to
promote the interest of his country.

for a letter, will be better developedering
by Mr. Dawfon the bearer of this, a meni-
ber of the late congrefs, to whom I refer
you for them. He goes in the Maryland
floop of war, which will wait a few days at
Havre to receive his letters to be writte..
on his arrival at Paris. You expreffed a
wish to get a peffage to this country in a
public veffel. Mr. Dawson is charged
with orders to the captain of the Maryland
to receive and accommodate you back if
you can be ready to depart at fuch a fhot
warning. Rob. R. Livington is appoi
ed minifter plenipotentiary to the republ.
of France, but will not leave this, till
receive the ratification of the conventie.

United States. This letter, like most of
his other productions fince his arrival in
the country, is compofed principally of
encomiums upon himself and upon his pro-
jects for reforming the world, and abute of
General Washington's adminiftration.
The only thing worthy of notice in this
publication is a copy of the whole of Mr.
Jefferfon's affectionate letter of invitation
to Paine. We have marked in Italics
that part of which was last fummer publifh-long
ed in this country, from European newf-
papers, and which was made the theme of a
feries of effays in this Gazette. Several
things in this affectionate letter from the
greatest Philofopher to the greatest Blaf
phemer in the world deferve the ferious at-
tention of the people of the United States.
As it will no longer be a queftion with any
one whether Mr. Jefferfon really wrote
fuch a letter to his table companion and
bofom friend, we prefume the democrats,
efpecially thofe of them who profefs ciri-
tianity, will find much edification in peru-
fing this brotherly epiftle. It will be no-
ticed that Mr. Jefferson becaine prefident
of the United States on the 4th of March
1801, and that he delayed no longer than
till the 18th of the fame month before he
gave orders to one of the hips of the navy
to" receive and accommodate" his friend
and correfpondent. By the first fentence.
of the letter it appears that thefe loving and
congenial fpirits had been previously in
habits of uninterrupted correfpondence.
No lefs than four kind epiftles between the
ift and the 16th of October! By the part
immediately fubfequent, it is evident that
they had been plotting fome vaft fchemes of
reform, which, inftead of" wafling the en-
ergies of the people," will probably contri-
bute to the "multiplication of the human
race," and to the extinction of fuperftition
and pricft-craft throughout the world.-
But we keep the reader too long from the

letter itfelf. Here it follows.

We know

WASHINGTON, MARCH 18, 1801.

DEAR SIR,

Your letters of O&. ft, 4th, 6th 16th, came duly to hand, and the papers which they covered were according to your permission, published in the news-papers and

by Mr. Dawfon. I am in hopes you will
find us returned generally to fentiments
worthy of former times. In thefe it will
be your glory to have feadily laboured and
with as much effect as any man living.
That you may long live to continue your
useful labours and to reap the reward in
the thankfulness of nations is my fincere
prayer. Accept affurances of my high
esteem and affectionate attachment.

THOMAS JEFFERSON.

not in what fit of intoxication the Blafphe-afford
mers induced to make it public. His
friend, the Philofopher, will not thank him
for it.

fent ruling party were the minority, they u-
IT is well recollected, that when the pre-
niformly manifefted a ftrong anxiety that
the government of the United States fhould
affiftance for the promotion of the
caufe of liberty in France. This difpofi
tion was ftrikingly difplayed by Mr. Mon-
roe when minifter of that country, and by
the fupport and approbation which his con-
duct received from the Jeffersonian fect af-
ter he had been difmiffed by prefideat
Washington, and alfo by the appointment,
which he has lately received, of min fter
extraordinary to the courts of France,
Spain, or wherever he may find his fervi-

Thus he wrote to the committee of pub. lic falety Oct. 25. 1794

66

It is my duty to inform you that I "am under no inftruction to complain of, "or requeft the repeal of, the decree authorifing a departure from the 23 and

66

24 cles of the treaty of amity and conimerce;" [thefe articles ftipulated, that free fhips fhall make free goods, and that all goods thall be free except thofe that are termed contraband; and specified what articles fhall be deemed contraband. The French government had palled a authorizing their fhips, privateers, and cruizers to pay no attention to these arti cles, and thus let loofe their whole naval force upon our defenceless commerce.) "on the contrary I well know, that i

decree

66

upon confideration, after the exper ment made, you should be of opinion, "that it produces any folid benefit to the Republic, the American Government "will not only bear the departure "patience, but with pleafure !"

with

The plain language of all this is, break your treaty with us-capture o fhips-plunder us of our property, beat and imprison our feamen, and if, on confideration, it is of any benefit to the R PUBLIC, we fhall bear it with PLEASURE. This was the language of an Americas Minifter !-and that minifter is, again fert to the fame country, with two millions of dollars to purchase-what ?-the perm fion of enjoying our own rights !!!!

But again-Mr. Monroe wrote thus to the Secretary of State, on the 20th No vember 1794.

"I was invited by the diplomatic mem"bers of the committee of public fatetv " to a conference on a new topic: I was

66

66

"informed it was their intention to prefs || "the war against England in particular;

but that they were diftreffed for funds, " and asked could any aid be obtained "from the United States? I told them I "was fatisfied if it was in their power, it "would be rendered." This, it will be noted, was after our declaration of Neutrality.

In his fubfequent communications to the diplomatic members of the committee of public fafety, he observes,

It is the with of the French Repub"lic to obtain, by loan, a fum of money "from the United States of America to

From a statement which appears in the last Bee, it would seem that the elections in Connecticut are conducted much after the manner of legislative business-that the votes are not given for two rival candidates, but that a single candidate is held up, and the votes taken in the affirmative and in the negative-for and against his election.

votes"

We should like to know what the Bee means by against Trumbull." We aver there are no such votes given in Connecticut. If it means, that the candidate who was held up in opposition to, or

40

against" Trumbull, received 8,071 votes, the statement is absolutely false. The whole number of votes for Kirby, was but 7,848.

64

I don't know how to remove these large stones," said a labourer on a turnpike-road. "Call them federalists, and they will soon be removed," replied a by-stander.

"The past feafon I planted my potatoefields chiefly with eyes, and had, in fome parts, a prodigious increafe, and in the field throughout, full as large a crop as any of my neighbors, although they planted from eight to ten bushels on an acre; and I plantted a short half bufhel on an acre, and if I had cut the eyes carefully, I am fure there would not have been a peck to an acre. In this method there will be an immenfe faving of more than nineteen-twentieths of the feed which is well worth the attention of every farmer who dares to differ from the practice of his father. My overfeer, wanting faith in this method, planted a fingle large potatoe, with many eyes, in a hill, and it produced only thirty-four potatoes of all fizes."

Monitorial Department.

To aid the cause of virtue and religion.

Events have frikingly correfponded to thefe predictions. Five hundred and thirty eight years before the christian era, Babylon was taken by Cyrus; when Belfhazzer the king was lain. By a series of fubfequent calamities, that fuperb city was laid in ruins; and has long fince become a den of ferpents. In the time of

AND RUIN OF BABYLON.

THE GLORY AND THE PREDICTED FALL Auguftus, the city was almoft deferted.
The Perfian Kings, in the fecond or third
century, while the walls were fill ftand-
ing, ufed the city as a great park in
which they kept and hunted wild beafts.
At laft, the walls and the towers, which
were builded of brick and hewn ftone ce-

mented together with bitumen, crumbled
and fell; and the fragments of thofe im.
menfe piles overspread the ground. Ben-
jamin, a Jew, who was there in the 12th
century, faid,
Babylon is now laid waffe,
and men fear to enter there on account of

66

FOR THE BALANCE.

BABYLON

ABYLON, fituated on the banks of the Euphrates, within the limits of the prefent Turkish empire, and at no great distance from the city Bagdad, has afford, ed a moft illuftrious infance, as well of the truth of fcripture prophecy, as of the perifhing nature of all worldly grandeur.This city was founded by Nimrod, a grand

fon of Ham, who was one of the fons of
Noah. He was "a mighty hunter," and
after rendering himfelf popular by his
tratagems and prowefs in deftroying wild
beafts of prey, he fubdued the tribes of

men and bowed their necks beneath his
regal fceptre. The facred hiftorian re-
marks, that the beginning of his kingdom
was Babel. Babylon, begun by Nimrod
where old Babel flood, was enlarged, en-
riched and embellifhed by his fucceffors,
till, in the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, its
fplendor furpaffed defcription. It was
forence. Its walls were eighty feven feet
four-fquare; and fixty miles in circum-
thick, and three hundred and fifty feet
high. Its gates were of brafs ;--its gar-
dens, lupported in the air at the height of
between three and four hundred feet ;-
planted with orange and other fruit-trees,
and decorated with every flower, fhrub
and vegetable that could charm the fenfes,
were an astonishing fpecimen of the art and
power of man. That city was the cradle,
or the birth-place of learning and the fci-
ences. In the obfervatories, on the fum-
mits of its lofty towers, aftronomy was
ftudied fome centuries before the time of
Abram. The wealth of the Eaft, wrung
from its owners by extortions and con-

quefts, was.poured into this refervoir :-
thither were conveyed the golden veffels
of Solomon's temple and all the riches of
Jerufalem and Tyre.

66

the ferpents and fcorpions." Another who visited the ruins in the year 1574, faid,

66

They are fo full of venomous creatures that no one dares approach nearer than half a league from them, except for two months in the winter, when these animals ftir not from their holes." More modern travellers have given a fimilar account; adding that the ruins are fo effaced and fo widely spread, that it is impoffible to tell exactly where the city ftood."

Literary Motice.

THE public has been lately gratified by a valuable performance from a young clergyman of great abilities in this city. It is a difquifition on the character of Socrates, in which, though the fubject is not wanting in antiquity, there is nothing trite and threadbare ; on the contrary, the views which are taken in this performance, of the character of Socrates, are as new and orig. inal, as they are candid and ingenious.

While Babylon was at the height of her power and grandeur ;-while, in the confident expectation of endless profperity, fhe was finging like an harlot," the holy Seers of Palestine predicted her fall and ruin. Jeremiah prophefied concerning Babylon, "It fhall not be inhabited, but

These opinions of the Doctor have been

it fhall be wholly defolate." Ifaiah fore-weighed, with a learned and candid hand,
told that Babylon fhould be.deftroyed and
never again inhabited; but wild beafts
of the defert hall lie there, and their hou-
fes fhall be full of doleful creatures."

66

by the author of this pamphlet. The character and conduct of Socrates, are arraigned at a much more fevere tribunal, than ever fat in judgment on them before. The great difference between Socrates and Jefus, as well as between Socrates and fome other eminent teachers of wildom, are here exhibited in ftriking colours, and every impartial reader will probably rile from the perufal, with his veneration for Socrates confiderably diminished.

This effay was fuggefted by a late pub. lication of Dr. Prieftly, in which a com parifon is drawn between Socrates and Je fus. The Doctor is inclined to afcribe to Socrates all the merit which it has, for ages, been the fashion to afcribe to him, but he is not content with this. He is even

difpofed to doubt, whether the thoughts and actions of this fage were not in fome degree dictated by infpiration; and to raife him in this refpect, to the level of the Hebrew prophets and the apoftles.

In thefe times of political fervour, it is pleasant to turn from the fcene of eternal wrangle and abufe, to the verdant fields of claffical literature, and the writer of this pamphlet deferves the public gratitude in an eminent degree, for this as well as for his former publications.His merit, indeed, will be very hih, t he fhall appear to have executed friet jul tice upon Socrates, fince he will thus have rooted out as important and inveterate an error as ever infected the hiftory of ancient times.

[Relf's Philadelphia Gazette.]

ST. MICHAEL's CAVE.

ANCIENT writers have greatly cele

"After refreshing ourfelves, we found to the eastward a fecond entrance, fimilar to the one in which we had been admitted. Our journey was foon interrupted by difcov. ering that we were on the very brink of precipice, which prefented to our view (by the affiftance of large rolls of greafed AMONG the natural curiofities of paper lighted, and thrown down) a fecGibraltar and its vicinity, the Cave of ond circular room; its perpendicular deSt. Michael holds a diftinguished rank.-- fcent about 25 feet. On returning, we Superftition has made it the fcene of many difcovered a mall opening in the rock, frange occurrences, and tradition has conwhich admitted but one perfon to creep nected with its hiftory adventures fuited in it was with difficulty and danger, we only to the fictions of romance. The purfued this narrow winding paffage for fanguinary contefts that formerly fubfifted about 30 feet, (in fome places 3 or 4 feet between the Moors and the Spaniards, a. perpendicular) when we were received bounded in events which, with a little into the apartment we had just been view. coloring from faney, are fuppofed to haveing from above. This was alfo handfomeoriginated thefe tales. ly arched, and curioufly wrought, but prefented few columns; its length 50 feet, breadth 30, heighth 35 or 40. At the fouthern extremity, we were again carried into a third narrower entrance, which al-brated this particular kind of dye for its fo led to a precipice; its depth unknown; excellence in dying fearlet, crimson and the light of our torches and fire-balls of purple, but unfortunately for the world, greafed paper, gave us a view of almoft the knowledge of procuring the materials greafed paper, gave us a view of almoft go feet perpendicular. On our return of this dye has been long loft, perhaps for from this narrow paffage we difcovered near two thousand years. Yet writers on two pools of water, the largest about 9 feet the fubject have mentioned feveral circumin diameter, depth uncertain: the chryf ftances refpecting it that may lead to a retal ftreams of the golden age, could not difcovery of the method of procuring it, have furpaffed them in purity. to wit, That it was procured from the fea and from fome kind of fifh; and that it was attended by this peculiar quality or property that the oftener any fluff dyed with it was wafhed, the more bright and beautiful the color grew. Directed by thefe circumftances and reflecting on them when I often visited the fea fhore for the benefit of the air when I was in a bad ftate of health, I tried fome experiments on the large fea-nettle, which were caft on the fhore by the fishermen, and thereby as they lay on the beach in the fun exhibited fome appearances of being the fame of that excellent and celebrated dye, by dying fev

"From this fecond apartment, we de-
cended into a third, by a perpendicular
defcent of about 10 leet, length 20 feet,
breadth 12, height 12 or 15. From this
we returned to our first starting place; and
after having vifited the friendly vafe, and
poured libations to the Naiad of the fount
we purfued our journey fouthward, de-
fcending into feveral fimilar chambers;
but, the offenfive and humid atmofphere
-the difficulty in defcending, and the
certainty of not being able to penetrate
much deeper without ftrong and lengthy
cords, induced us to return. In all of the
chambers, we found innumerable quanti-eral
ties of bats.

pur

fmall pieces of wollen, cotton, filk and linen cloth in a liquid which abounds. in thofe creatures. The liquid dyed all thofe articles a bright and beautiful ple; and upon having them frequently wafhed afterwards, I found the color grew more bright and beautiful every time they were washed, fo that I was thereby induced to believe thefe creatures to be the true fource of the Tyrian dye, and if fo there is little doubt but our country will afford an ample fupply of it, for all the manufacturing world, as thefe nettles abound in many of cur bays along the fea coaft. And I hope that thefe hints will induce fome perfon fkilled in dying, and dye ftuffs, to examine and fully afcertain, whether thofe large fea nettles, are or not, the true genuine fource of the Tyrian dye. The importance of this article to the manbe-ufacturing nations, and particularly to our own country, renders it worthy of a full in

Miscellany.

From the N. Y. MORNING CHRONICLE.

The following defcription is from the journal of an American gentleman, by whom it has been lately vifited.

"The entrance into St. Michael's Cave is about 11 feet wide and 9 high, immediately opening into an irregular circle, the diameter of which is probably 60 feet, height 70. From your first entrance you defcend an inclined plane 25 or 30 feet, by steps formed from the clay of the care

here you view huge columns fufpended from the top of the cave, formed by the inceffant dripping of the waters, and which being highly charged with calcareous matter, petrifies as it falls, giving a variety of dufky fhades to the maily fupporters of the roof. One of these columns must have been at least 40 feet in length and 10 in circumference, and in whole formation the tardy hand of petrifaction might vie with the finest architecture; whilft their beanty not only defies, but is heightened by the ravages of time. The columns of the Saint's Cave alone rife fuperior to this common deftroyer. Nearly in the centre of the first apartment we found a vafe handfomely formed, and filled with remarkably fine water, which, filtering through, and dripping from the upper part of the rock, becomes perfectly pure and cold, affording a delightful refrefhment. 'Tis thus that nature, even in her moft fportive moments, eviaces her friendfhip for the curious and enterprising. Many imali arched chapels are feen on either fide of the apartment, and the gloomy magnificence of the whole was much increafed by the reflection from The light of our torches.

"My imagination carried me into the Douldering ruins of a gothic cathedral, here, against that column which now pported me, the enthufiaft has opened

nightly orifons; but the exceffive Amps chilled my fancy, and powerfully Tailed my piety, forcing me to acknowlge my unwillingness to attend vefpers ith my imaginary NUNS.

"At 6 P. M. we left the Cave of Saint Michael, refolving to pay it a fec. ond and more fatisfactory vifit when we hould be better prepared to explore its receffes."

Improvements, &c.

An obliging correspondent has furnished the editors
of the Balance with the following
DIRECTIONS

FOR PURIFYING A LOADED SHIP WITHOUT
REMOVING THE CARGO.

TAKE a cafk that will hold 100 gal-
lons or more, with one head out-fet it
low in any part of the veffel-put into this

cafk one bufhel of unflacked lime-add to this 60 gallons of boiling water, after diffolving 30 pounds of pot or pearl-afnes therein-this thould be done as quick as poffible-then shut the hatches, and make the fhip tight-in this fituation, let the veffel remain until the next day, and then difcharge the air by means of the AirPump Ventilator. By this time the lime will be fettled in the cafk, and the water or ley, will be very clear-dip it out carefully, and, after drawing the boxes out of one of the fhip's pumps, fend it thro' that channel into the pump-well.

From the WILMINGTON MIRROR.

THE TYRIAN DYE.

"On the refult of the Election we congratulate the friends of the genuine principles of the adminiflrations of Washington and Adams. Connecticut, always unfhaken in her elevated courfe, has again given a fignal proof that neither the artifices of the leaders in revolution, nor the execrated vengeance of thofe who "feel power and forget right," can turn her to the right hand nor to the left from the path wherein fhe has fleadily progreffed in honor and prosperity.

The Meeting-Houfe in Weftfield, Masfachusetts, was recently fet on fire by fome incendiary, and confumed. This is excellent encouragement for Tom Paine to purfue his "ufetul labors."

NEW-YORK, 16th May, 1803. [ ed it ftill; he was then taken before the police, and there he confeffed his guilt. He added, that had Mr. Bauman proceed. ed far enough he would have found the money upon him at his firft examination, as he had it then concealed in the knee of his paraloons, but that in his perturbation he had feized the first moment after he reached home to throw it into the fire to prevent detection. This was found to be true, by queftioning a little girl, who faw him burn paper directly after he came in. The name of this unhappy young man is William H. Burbidge, fon of a foreigner who refided fome time fince in Hartford, Connecticut. [Evening Poft.]

MR. COLEMAN,

Sir, I am requested by our Minister in France to communicate publicly, that he had on the 11th March received the most flattering letter, in anfwer to one addref fed by him to the First Conful, on the fubject of our debts, &c. in which the most full and complete affurances are given, that every letter of the convention fhall be punctually complied with. That their fi nances are in the best fituation, and capable of meeting all engagements; and that even were it otherwife, though it fhould fubmit them to partial inconveniences, he would flrictly comply with the demands of justice; and calls upon the Minister to make out the accounts of American claims, for which he promises a full and ready payment. The minifter adds, that he gives this early intelligence, because it will probably come through other channels, as he intended to call the Americans at Paris together, the next day, and communicate it to them, in which cafe he feared that interested perfons might fpeculate on the wants of thofe who have already fuffered too much by the delay. He concludes by faying, that without being ab. folutely certain, he thought he might confide in thefe promifes fo folemnly made, and that he would prefs eagerly for their execution.

"The two firft Magiftrates, every member of the first branch of the Legiflature, more than three quarters of the Houfe of Reprefentatives, and a majority of the freemen in four fiths of the towns are decided Pederalifts. On fuch a phalanx, we rely with entire confidence for the prefervation of our great and invaluable inter-ter, efts."

EDWARD P. LIVINGSTON.

THEFT IN THE POST-OFFICE.

NEW-YORK, MAY 16.

The fhip South Carolina, captain Steele, in 39 days from Havre-de-Grace, arrived at this port yesterday. We have received by her a file of Paris papers to the third of April, but they furnish no news. An intelligent gentleman who came pallenger in the South Carolina, and who during his refidence in France, has employed himfelt in noting, with much precifion, the " paffing tidings of the times," has obligingly favoured us with the following particu

lars :

Mr. Monroe had not arrived at Havre on the 6th of April.

General Bernadotte had received inftructions to be in readiness to take his departure for the United States in the month of May, as minifter plenipotentiary. His retinue will be very numerous; and the (plendour of the embaffy will, it is thought, be without any previous example in this country.

After the first day of Germinal (March the current coin of the French Republie will bear the "image and fuperfcription" of the First Conful.

Mr. John D. Martin had put into the
Saturday's mail a letter addressed to his
correfpondent Henry P. Franklin, at Prov.
idence, R I. and had had the precaution
to take a witnefs with him to fee it done;21)
the letter had been rated as double and

thrown into the proper pigeon hole; but
on making up the mail afterwards for
Providence this letter was miffing. An
alarm enfued and much ineffectual fearch |
was made for it. Mr. Bauman the Poft-
Mafter, on being made acquainted with
the circumstances commenced an exam-
ination of the pockets of all the affiftants in
the office, but met with nothing to con-
firm his fufpicions against any one in par-
ticular. But Mr. Bauman going foon
afterwards into the neceffary, he there dif-
covered a letter lying open in the bottom
of the vault, which was procured and turn-
ed out to be the identical Providence let.

days.

purporting to contain Soo dollars.he He haftily returned to the office with it in his hand, and it was recollected that one of the affiftants, who had gone to breakfast, had taken occafion to go into the yard foon after the alarm was The preparations for war on the part of given. He inftantly fent for him, and the French progreffed flowly and from confronted him with the letter; he deni-this circumftance as well as from the fup

The number of Englishmen in Paris was computed at 15,000. They were leaving that city with much precipitation.

Malta remained in poffeffion of the Britifh; and it was faid by fome, that the French had relinquished it for feven years.

The Ifland of Sardinia, according to report, had been purchafed by the English government for thirty millions of livres; but the French had expreffed their deter mination to prevent the taking poffeffion

thereof.

Couriers between England and France were frequent. Mr. Wright (a meffenger) paffed through Havre on the 28th March, on his way to Paris. On being queftioned, What he thought of the prefent crifis? anfwered, It will be decided in a few