They also

tach one ballot of each kind to the statement. attach such ballots as they deem defective. The statement is certified by the inspectors to be true. A copy is filed in the office of the town or city. The original statement is delivered to the supervisors.

6. The supervisors, or assessors, form a board of county canvassers. They meet at the office of the county clerk. The clerk of the county is the secretary of the board. They elect a chairman. The clerk administers the oath. to the chairman, and the chairman administers the oath to the members of the board. A majority is sufficient to constitute a quorum. The original statements are produced, and the board proceed to estimate the vote of the county, and make a statement thereof. The statement is delivered to, and deposited with, the county clerk.

7. The county clerk records the statement of the board. He then prepares three certified copies. He deposits in the post-office one directed to the governor, one to the secretary of state, and one to the comptroller. The county clerk prepares certified copies for persons declared elected in the county, and delivers one of such copies to each person so elected. He also transmits a list to the secretary of state. The secretary of state files the certified statement of the county clerks. He appoints a meeting of the State canvassers at his office. The secretary of state, comptroller, State engineer, attorney-general, and treasurer are the State canvassers, three of whom are sufficient to form a quorum.

8. The board, when convened, proceed to determine

out? What do they attach to the statement? How certified? Where is a copy filed? What is done with the original statement?

6. Who form a board of county canvassers? Where do they meet? Who is the secretary of the board? By whom is the oath administered? What number constitute a quorum? What does the board proceed to make out? To whom is it delivered?

7. By whom recorded? What does the county clerk prepare? To whom does he send certified copies? What does the secretary of state file? What meeting does he appoint? Of whom does the board con

and declare what State officers have been duly elected by the greatest number of votes. They make a statement, and deliver the same to the secretary of state. The secretary of state records such statement in his office. He transmits a certified copy to each person thereby declared elected. He also publishes the same in one or more newspapers in each senatorial district in the State.

9. This is substantially the process of electing State, county, and town officers in the State of New York. This plan is adopted in most of the States. Some of the States. have, however, adopted a plan slightly different. Each State has the right to adopt such plan as may appear to them to secure the unbiased expression of the will of the people.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

MODE OF ELECTING NATIONAL OFFICERS.

1. REPRESENTATIVES in Congress are elected in the several congressional districts in the same manner as State officers are elected. The election occurs once in two years, at the time of the general election. Senators in Congress are elected by the joint ballot of both houses of the legis lature. Each senator, so elected, holds his office for six years, unless elected to fill an unexpired term.

2. In electing the president and vice-president of the United States, the electors do not vote directly for the candidates. Each State is entitled to the same number

8. What action do the board take? To whom delivered? By whom recorded? To whom does he transmit certified copies?

9. Do all the States adopt precisely the same plan? What right has each State?

1. How are representatives to Congress elected in the several States? How often does such election occur? How are senators in Congress elected?

2. Do electors vote directly for president and vice-president? To what

of votes, in the choice of president and vice-president, as it is entitled to members in both houses of Congress. Each State nominates and elects this number of electors to vote for president and vice-president. The process of giving notice, voting, and making returns to the State canvassers is the same as in the choice of State officers.

3. The secretary of state transmits to each elector a certificate of his election. The electors meet at the capital of the State on the first Wednesday in December after the election. When assembled, they are known as the electoral college. They first fill all vacancies, then choose a president and secretary from their own number. The secretary of state then produces three lists of the names of the electors, under the signature of the governor, with the seal of the State affixed thereto, and delivers them to the chairman. The electors then proceed to vote by ballot for president and vice-president. They make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president and as vicepresident, and the number of votes cast for each. They affix to this list a list of the electors received from the secretary of state. They seal up the same, and certify thereon that lists of the votes of the State for president and vice-president are contained therein. The electors appoint a messenger to take charge of the same and deliver it to the president of the Senate, at the seat of government of the United States. A similar list is forwarded by mail to the president of the Senate, and another to the judge of the United States District Court, in the State.

number of votes is each State entitled in the choice of president and vice-president? What does each State nominate and elect? What is the process of giving notice, voting, and making returns?

3. What does the secretary of state transmit to such elector? When and where do the electors meet? When assembled, by what name are they known? What is their first action? What lists does the secretary of state then produce? Under what signature and seal? How do the electors vote? What lists do they make? What do they affix to this list? How indorsed? What indorsement is made thereon? What do the electors then appoint? For what purpose? To whom is a similar list forwarded by mail?

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

OFFICIAL DUTIES.

1. ALL State and national officers are obliged to take an oath before entering upon the duties of their office. The President swears, "That he will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of his ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." The State officers swear that they will support the Constitution of the United States, and the constitution of their own State, and faithfully discharge the duties of their office according to the best of their ability.

2. The king or queen of England swears to govern the people of the kingdom of England, and the dominions thereto belonging, according to the statutes of parliament agreed on, and the laws and customs of the same; that he will cause law and justice in mercy to be executed in all his judgments; that he will, to the utmost of his power, maintain the laws of God, the true profession of the gospel, and the Protestant reformed religion established by the law; and that he will preserve unto the bishops and clergy of the realm, and to the churches committed to their charge, all such rights and privileges as by law do or shall appertain unto them or any of them. The oath of the king binds him-1. To rule according to law; 2. To execute judgment in mercy; 3. To maintain the established religion.

3. The president is commander-in-chief of the army

1. What are all State and national officers required to do before entering upon the duties of their office? What oath does the president take? What oath do governors take?

2. What oath does the king take? To what three acts does the oath of the king bind him?

and navy of the United States. Governors are declared, in the State constitutions, to be commanders-in-chief of the military and naval forces of the State. The king is the generalissimo, or first in command, of the army and navy of the kingdom. He is regarded as the fountain of justice, and general conservator of the peace of the kingdom. He establishes courts and appoints the judges thereof, who hold their office during good behavior. All proceedings of the courts are conducted in the name of the king.

4. The United States judges are appointed by the president, and confirmed by the Senate. They hold their office during good behavior. United States courts are established and regulated by Congress. State courts are established and regulated by State legislatures. In most cases the State judges are elected by the people. In some States they are appointed by the governor, and confirmed by the Senate. Their term of office is generally limited to a definite number of years. The proceedings of the courts generally run in the name of the people of the State.

5. "In every monarchical government," says Sir William Blackstone, "it is necessary to distinguish the prince from his subjects, not only by the outward pomp and decoration of majesty, but also by ascribing to him certain qualities as inherent in his royal character distinct from and superior to those of any other individual in the na

3. What position does the president hold in the army and navy of the United States? What military position do the governors hold by the State constitutions? What position does the king hold in the army and navy? How is he regarded in the administration of justice? What does he establish and appoint? How long do judges appointed by the king hold their office? In what name are the proceedings of the courts conducted?

4. In the United States government, how are the judges appointed? For what time? By whom are United States Courts established? By whom are the State courts established and regulated? How are the State judges appointed? For what time? In whose name are the proceedings of the courts conducted?

5. What does Sir William Blackstone say is necessary in every mon